Energy
Visualizing America’s Energy Use, in One Giant Chart
Visualizing America’s Energy Use, in One Giant Chart
Have you ever wondered where the country’s energy comes from, and how exactly it gets used?
Luckily, the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) crunches the numbers every year, outputting an incredible flow diagram that covers the broad spectrum of U.S. energy use.
The 2019 version of this comprehensive diagram gives us an in-depth picture of the U.S. energy ecosystem, showing not only where energy originates by fuel source (i.e. wind, oil, natural gas, etc.) but also how it’s ultimately consumed by sector.
In Perspective: 2019 Energy Use
Below, we’ll use the unit of quads, with each quad worth 1 quadrillion BTUs, to compare data for the last five years of energy use in the United States. Each quad has roughly the same amount of energy as contained in 185 million barrels of crude oil.
Year | Energy Consumption | Change (yoy) | Fossil Fuels in Mix |
---|---|---|---|
2019 | 100.2 quads | -1.0 | 80.0% |
2018 | 101.2 quads | +3.5 | 80.2% |
2017 | 97.7 quads | +0.4 | 80.0% |
2016 | 97.3 quads | +0.1 | 80.8% |
2015 | 97.2 quads | -1.1 | 81.6% |
Interestingly, overall energy use in the U.S. actually decreased to 100.2 quads in 2019, similar to a decrease last seen in 2015.
It’s also worth noting that the percentage of fossil fuels used in the 2019 energy mix decreased by 0.2% from last year to make up 80.0% of the total. This effectively negates the small rise of fossil fuel usage that occurred in 2018.
Energy Use by Source
Which sources of energy are seeing more use, as a percentage of the total energy mix?
2015 | 2016 | 2017 | 2018 | 2019 | Change ('15-'19) | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Oil | 36.3% | 36.9% | 37.1% | 36.5% | 36.6% | +0.3% |
Natural Gas | 29.0% | 29.3% | 28.7% | 30.6% | 32.0% | +3.0% |
Coal | 16.1% | 14.6% | 14.3% | 13.1% | 11.4% | -4.7% |
Nuclear | 8.6% | 8.7% | 8.6% | 8.3% | 8.4% | -0.2% |
Biomass | 4.8% | 4.9% | 5.0% | 5.1% | 5.0% | +0.2% |
Wind | 1.9% | 2.2% | 2.4% | 2.5% | 2.7% | +0.8% |
Hydro | 2.5% | 2.5% | 2.8% | 2.7% | 2.5% | +0.0% |
Solar | 0.5% | 0.6% | 0.8% | 0.9% | 1.0% | +0.5% |
Geothermal | 0.2% | 0.2% | 0.2% | 0.2% | 0.2% | +0.0% |
Since 2015, natural gas has grown from 29% to 32% of the U.S. energy mix — while coal’s role in the mix has dropped by 4.7%.
In these terms, it can be hard to see growth in renewables, but looking at the data in more absolute terms can tell a different story. For example, in 2015 solar added 0.532 quads of energy to the mix, while in 2019 it accounted for 1.04 quads — a 95% increase.
Energy Consumption
Finally, let’s take a look at where energy goes by end consumption, and whether or not this is evolving over time.
2015 | 2016 | 2017 | 2018 | 2019 | Change ('15-'19) | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Residential | 15.6% | 15.2% | 14.7% | 15.7% | 15.7% | +0.1% |
Commercial | 12.1% | 12.5% | 12.3% | 12.4% | 12.4% | +0.3% |
Industrial | 33.9% | 33.8% | 34.5% | 34.6% | 34.8% | +0.9% |
Transportation | 38.4% | 38.5% | 38.5% | 37.3% | 37.1% | -1.3% |
Residential, commercial, and industrial sectors are all increasing their use of energy, while the transportation sector is seeing a drop in energy use — likely thanks to more fuel efficient cars, EVs, public transport, and other factors.
The COVID-19 Effect on Energy Use
The energy mix is incredibly difficult to change overnight, so over the years these flow diagrams created by the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) have not changed much.
One exception to this will be in 2020, which has seen an unprecedented shutdown of the global economy. As a result, imagining the next iteration of this energy flow diagram is basically anybody’s guess.
We can likely all agree that it’ll include increased levels of energy consumption in households and shortfalls everywhere else, especially in the transportation sector. However, the total amount of energy used — and where it comes from — might be a significant deviation from past years.
Maps
Mapped: Renewable Energy and Battery Installations in the U.S. in 2023
This graphic describes new U.S. renewable energy installations by state along with nameplate capacity, planned to come online in 2023.

Renewable and Battery Installations in the U.S. in 2023
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Renewable energy, in particular solar power, is set to shine in 2023. This year, the U.S. plans to get over 80% of its new energy installations from sources like battery, solar, and wind.
The above map uses data from EIA to highlight planned U.S. renewable energy and battery storage installations by state for 2023.
Texas and California Leading in Renewable Energy
Nearly every state in the U.S. has plans to produce new clean energy in 2023, but it’s not a surprise to see the two most populous states in the lead of the pack.
Even though the majority of its power comes from natural gas, Texas currently leads the U.S. in planned renewable energy installations. The state also has plans to power nearly 900,000 homes using new wind energy.
California is second, which could be partially attributable to the passing of Title 24, an energy code that makes it compulsory for new buildings to have the equipment necessary to allow the easy installation of solar panels, battery storage, and EV charging.
New solar power in the U.S. isn’t just coming from places like Texas and California. In 2023, Ohio will add 1,917 MW of new nameplate solar capacity, with Nevada and Colorado not far behind.
Top 10 States | Battery (MW) | Solar (MW) | Wind (MW) | Total (MW) |
---|---|---|---|---|
Texas | 1,981 | 6,462 | 1,941 | 10,385 |
California | 4,555 | 4,293 | 123 | 8,970 |
Nevada | 678 | 1,596 | 0 | 2,274 |
Ohio | 12 | 1,917 | 5 | 1,934 |
Colorado | 230 | 1,187 | 200 | 1,617 |
New York | 58 | 509 | 559 | 1,125 |
Wisconsin | 4 | 939 | 92 | 1,034 |
Florida | 3 | 978 | 0 | 980 |
Kansas | 0 | 0 | 843 | 843 |
Illinois | 0 | 363 | 477 | 840 |
The state of New York is also looking to become one of the nation’s leading renewable energy providers. The New York State Energy Research & Development Authority (NYSERDA) is making real strides towards this objective with 11% of the nation’s new wind power projects expected to come online in 2023.
According to the data, New Hampshire is the only state in the U.S. that has no new utility-scale renewable energy installations planned for 2023. However, the state does have plans for a massive hydroelectric plant that should come online in 2024.
Decarbonizing Energy
Renewable energy is considered essential to reduce global warming and CO2 emissions.
In line with the efforts by each state to build new renewable installations, the Biden administration has set a goal of achieving a carbon pollution-free power sector by 2035 and a net zero emissions economy by no later than 2050.
The EIA forecasts the share of U.S. electricity generation from renewable sources rising from 22% in 2022 to 23% in 2023 and to 26% in 2024.
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