Demographics
The Population of China in Perspective
The Population of China in Perspective
China is the world’s most populous country with an astounding 1.44 billion citizens. Altogether, the size of the population of China is larger than nearly four regions combined: South America, Europe (excluding Russia), the U.S. & Canada, and Australia & New Zealand.
Using data from the United Nations, this unconventional map reveals the comparative size of China’s population next to a multitude of other countries.
Note: To keep the visualization easy to read, we’ve simplified the shapes representing countries. For example, although we’ve included Alaska and Hawaii in U.S. population totals, the U.S. is represented by the contiguous states map only.
A Historical Perspective
Looking at history, the population of China has more than doubled since the 1950s. The country was the first in the world to hit one billion people in 1980.
However, in 1979, in an attempt to control the burgeoning population, the infamous one-child policy was introduced, putting controls on how many children Chinese citizens could have.
While the government eventually recognized the negative implications of this policy, it appeared to be too little, too late. The two-child policy was introduced in 2016, but it has not yet reversed the current slowdown in population growth.
Year | China's Population (Millions) | Annual Rate of Growth (%) | Median Age | Fertility Rate |
---|---|---|---|---|
1955 | 612.2 | 2.00% | 22.2 | 6.11 |
1960 | 660.4 | 1.53% | 21.3 | 5.48 |
1965 | 724.2 | 1.86% | 19.8 | 6.15 |
1970 | 827.6 | 2.70% | 19.3 | 6.30 |
1975 | 926.2 | 2.28% | 20.3 | 4.85 |
1980 | 1,000.1 | 1.55% | 21.9 | 3.01 |
1985 | 1,075.6 | 1.47% | 23.5 | 2.52 |
1990 | 1,176.9 | 1.82% | 24.9 | 2.73 |
1995 | 1,240.9 | 1.07% | 27.4 | 1.83 |
2000 | 1,290.6 | 0.79% | 30.0 | 1.62 |
2005 | 1,330.8 | 0.62% | 32.6 | 1.61 |
2010 | 1,368.8 | 0.57% | 35.0 | 1.62 |
2015 | 1,406.8 | 0.55% | 36.7 | 1.64 |
2016 | 1,414.0 | 0.51% | 37.0 | 1.65 |
2017 | 1,421.0 | 0.49% | 37.0 | 1.65 |
2018 | 1,427.6 | 0.47% | 37.0 | 1.65 |
2019 | 1,433.8 | 0.43% | 37.0 | 1.65 |
2020 | 1,439.3 | 0.39% | 38.4 | 1.69 |
The fertility rate has been consistently falling from over 6 births per woman in 1955 to 1.69 in 2020. Today, the median age in China is 38 years old, rising from 22 in 1955. Longer life spans and fewer births form a demographic trend that has many social and economic implications.
Overall, China’s young population is becoming scarcer, meaning that the domestic labor market will eventually begin shrinking. Additionally, the larger share of elderly citizens will require publicly-funded resources, resulting in a heavier societal and financial burden.
Strength in Numbers
Despite these trends, however, China’s current population remains massive, constituting almost 20% of the world’s total population. Right now 71% of the Chinese population is between the ages of 15 and 65 years old, meaning that the labor supply is still immense.
Here are the populations of 65 countries from various regions of the world—and added together, you’ll see they still fall short of the population of China:
Country | Population | Region |
---|---|---|
🇺🇸 U.S. | 331,002,651 | North America |
🇨🇦 Canada | 37,742,154 | North America |
🇧🇷 Brazil | 212,559,417 | South America |
🇨🇴 Colombia | 50,882,891 | South America |
🇦🇷 Argentina | 45,195,774 | South America |
🇵🇪 Peru | 32,971,854 | South America |
🇻🇪 Venezuela | 28,435,940 | South America |
🇨🇱 Chile | 19,116,201 | South America |
🇪🇨 Ecuador | 17,643,054 | South America |
🇧🇴 Bolivia | 11,673,021 | South America |
🇵🇾 Paraguay | 7,132,538 | South America |
🇺🇾 Uruguay | 3,473,730 | South America |
🇬🇾 Guyana | 786,552 | South America |
🇸🇷 Suriname | 586,632 | South America |
🇬🇫 French Guyana | 298,682 | South America |
🇫🇰 Falkland Islands | 3,480 | South America |
🇦🇺 Australia | 25,499,884 | Oceania |
🇳🇿 New Zealand | 4,822,233 | Oceania |
🇩🇪 Germany | 83,783,942 | Europe |
🇫🇷 France | 65,273,511 | Europe |
🇳🇱 Netherlands | 17,134,872 | Europe |
🇧🇪 Belgium | 11,589,623 | Europe |
🇦🇹 Austria | 9,006,398 | Europe |
🇨🇭 Switzerland | 8,654,622 | Europe |
🇱🇺 Luxembourg | 625,978 | Europe |
🇲🇨 Monaco | 39,242 | Europe |
🇱🇮 Liechtenstein | 38,128 | Europe |
🇮🇹 Italy | 60,461,826 | Europe |
🇪🇸 Spain | 46,754,778 | Europe |
🇬🇷 Greece | 10,423,054 | Europe |
🇵🇹 Portugal | 10,196,709 | Europe |
🇷🇸 Serbia | 8,737,371 | Europe |
🇭🇷 Croatia | 4,105,267 | Europe |
🇧🇦 Bosnia and Herzegovina | 3,280,819 | Europe |
🇦🇱 Albania | 2,877,797 | Europe |
🇲🇰 North Macedonia | 2,083,374 | Europe |
🇸🇮 Slovenia | 2,078,938 | Europe |
🇲🇪 Montenegro | 628,066 | Europe |
🇲🇹 Malta | 441,543 | Europe |
🇦🇩 Andorra | 77,265 | Europe |
🇸🇲 San Marino | 33,931 | Europe |
🇬🇮 Gibraltar | 33,691 | Europe |
🇻🇦 Vatican City | 801 | Europe |
🇬🇧 United Kingdom | 67,886,011 | Europe |
🇸🇪 Sweden | 10,099,265 | Europe |
🇩🇰 Denmark | 5,792,202 | Europe |
🇫🇮 Finland | 5,540,720 | Europe |
🇳🇴 Norway | 5,421,241 | Europe |
🇮🇪 Ireland | 4,937,786 | Europe |
🇱🇹 Lithuania | 2,722,289 | Europe |
🇱🇻 Latvia | 1,886,198 | Europe |
🇪🇪 Estonia | 1,326,535 | Europe |
🇮🇸 Iceland | 341,243 | Europe |
Channel Islands | 173,863 | Europe |
🇮🇲 Isle of Man | 85,033 | Europe |
🇫🇴 Faroe Islands | 48,863 | Europe |
🇺🇦 Ukraine | 43,733,762 | Europe |
🇵🇱 Poland | 37,846,611 | Europe |
🇷🇴 Romania | 19,237,691 | Europe |
🇨🇿 Czechia | 10,708,981 | Europe |
🇭🇺 Hungary | 9,660,351 | Europe |
🇧🇾 Belarus | 9,449,323 | Europe |
🇧🇬 Bulgaria | 6,948,445 | Europe |
🇸🇰 Slovakia | 5,459,642 | Europe |
🇲🇩 Moldova | 4,033,963 | Europe |
Total | 1,431,528,252 |
To break it down even further, here’s a look at the population of each of the regions listed above:
- Australia and New Zealand: 30.3 million
- Europe (excluding Russia): 601.7 million
- South America: 430.8 million
- The U.S. and Canada: 368.7 million
Combined their population is 1.432 billion compared to China’s 1.439 billion.
Overall, the population of China has few comparables. India is one exception, with a population of 1.38 billion. As a continent, Africa comes in close as well at 1.34 billion people. Here’s a breakdown of Africa’s population for further comparison.
Country | Population | Region |
---|---|---|
🇳🇬 Nigeria | 206,139,589 | Africa |
🇬🇭 Ghana | 31,072,940 | Africa |
🇨🇮 Côte d'Ivoire | 26,378,274 | Africa |
🇳🇪 Niger | 24,206,644 | Africa |
🇧🇫 Burkina Faso | 20,903,273 | Africa |
🇲🇱 Mali | 20,250,833 | Africa |
🇸🇳 Senegal | 16,743,927 | Africa |
🇬🇳 Guinea | 13,132,795 | Africa |
🇧🇯 Benin | 12,123,200 | Africa |
🇹🇬 Togo | 8,278,724 | Africa |
🇸🇱 Sierra Leone | 7,976,983 | Africa |
🇱🇷 Liberia | 5,057,681 | Africa |
🇲🇷 Mauritania | 4,649,658 | Africa |
🇬🇲 Gambia | 2,416,668 | Africa |
🇬🇼 Guinea-Bissau | 1,968,001 | Africa |
🇨🇻 Cabo Verde | 555,987 | Africa |
🇸🇭 Saint Helena | 6,077 | Africa |
🇿🇦 South Africa | 59,308,690 | Africa |
🇳🇦 Namibia | 2,540,905 | Africa |
🇧🇼 Botswana | 2,351,627 | Africa |
🇱🇸 Lesotho | 2,142,249 | Africa |
🇸🇿 Eswatini | 1,160,164 | Africa |
🇪🇬 Egypt | 102,334,404 | Africa |
🇩🇿 Algeria | 43,851,044 | Africa |
🇸🇩 Sudan | 43,849,260 | Africa |
🇲🇦 Morocco | 36,910,560 | Africa |
🇹🇳 Tunisia | 11,818,619 | Africa |
🇱🇾 Libya | 6,871,292 | Africa |
🇪🇭 Western Sahara | 597,339 | Africa |
🇨🇩 Democratic Republic of the Congo | 89,561,403 | Africa |
🇦🇴 Angola | 32,866,272 | Africa |
🇨🇲 Cameroon | 26,545,863 | Africa |
🇹🇩 Chad | 16,425,864 | Africa |
🇨🇬 Congo | 5,518,087 | Africa |
🇨🇫 Central African Republic | 4,829,767 | Africa |
🇬🇦 Gabon | 2,225,734 | Africa |
🇬🇶 Equatorial Guinea | 1,402,985 | Africa |
🇸🇹 Sao Tome and Principe | 219,159 | Africa |
🇪🇹 Ethiopia | 114,963,588 | Africa |
🇹🇿 Tanzania | 59,734,218 | Africa |
🇰🇪 Kenya | 53,771,296 | Africa |
🇺🇬 Uganda | 45,741,007 | Africa |
🇲🇿 Mozambique | 31,255,435 | Africa |
🇲🇬 Madagascar | 27,691,018 | Africa |
🇲🇼 Malawi | 19,129,952 | Africa |
🇿🇲 Zambia | 18,383,955 | Africa |
🇸🇴 Somalia | 15,893,222 | Africa |
🇿🇼 Zimbabwe | 14,862,924 | Africa |
🇷🇼 Rwanda | 12,952,218 | Africa |
🇧🇮 Burundi | 11,890,784 | Africa |
🇸🇸 South Sudan | 11,193,725 | Africa |
🇪🇷 Eritrea | 3,546,421 | Africa |
🇲🇺 Mauritius | 1,271,768 | Africa |
🇩🇯 Djibouti | 988,000 | Africa |
🇷🇪 Réunion | 895,312 | Africa |
🇰🇲 Comoros | 869,601 | Africa |
🇾🇹 Mayotte | 272,815 | Africa |
🇸🇨 Seychelles | 98,347 | Africa |
Total | 1,340,598,147 |
Future Outlook on the Population of China
Whether or not China’s population growth is slowing appears to be less relevant when looking at its sheer size. While India is expected to match the country’s population by 2026, China will remain one of the world’s largest economic powerhouses regardless.
It is estimated, however, that the population of China will drop below one billion people by the year 2100—bumping the nation to third place in the ranking of the world’s most populous countries. At the same time, it’s possible that China’s economic dominance may be challenged by these same demographic tailwinds as time moves forward.
Demographics
Mapped: Population Growth by Region (1900-2050F)
In this visualization, we map the populations of major regions at three different points in time: 1900, 2000, and 2050 (forecasted).
Mapping Population Growth by Region
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In fewer than 50 years, the world population has doubled in size, jumping from 4 to 8 billion.
In this visualization, we map the populations of major regions at three different points in time: 1900, 2000, and 2050 (forecasted). Figures come from Our World in Data as of March 2023, using the United Nations medium-fertility scenario.
Population by Continent (1900-2050F)
Asia was the biggest driver of global population growth over the course of the 20th century. In fact, the continent’s population grew by 2.8 billion people from 1900 to 2000, compared to just 680 million from the second on our list, Africa.
Region | 1900 | 2000 | 2050F |
---|---|---|---|
Asia | 931,021,418 | 3,735,089,775 | 5,291,555,919 |
Africa | 138,752,199 | 818,952,374 | 2,485,135,689 |
Europe | 406,610,221 | 727,917,165 | 704,398,730 |
North America | 104,231,973 | 486,364,446 | 679,488,449 |
South America | 41,330,704 | 349,634,344 | 491,078,697 |
Oceania | 5,936,615 | 31,223,133 | 57,834,753 |
World 🌐 | 1,627,883,130 | 6,149,181,237 | 9,709,492,237 |
China was the main source of Asia’s population expansion, though its population growth has slowed in recent years. That’s why in 2023, India surpassed China to become the world’s most populous country.
Southeast Asian countries like the Philippines and Indonesia have also been big drivers of Asia’s population boom to this point.
The Future: Africa to Hit 2.5 Billion by 2050
Under the UN’s medium-fertility scenario (all countries converge at a birthrate of 1.85 children per woman by 2050), Africa will solidify its place as the world’s second most populous region.
Three countries—Nigeria, Ethiopia, and Egypt—will account for roughly 30% of that 2.5 billion population figure.
Meanwhile, both North America and South America are expected to see a slowdown in population growth, while Europe is the only region that will shrink by 2050.
A century ago, Europe’s population was close to 30% of the world total. Today, that figure stands at less than 10%.
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