Misc
Mapped: Countries by Alcohol Consumption Per Capita
Mapped: Countries by Alcohol Consumption Per Capita
Alcohol might be one of the oldest and most frequently used recreational substances in the world, but examining countries by alcohol consumption shows that usage is not equal.
Consumption levels, and types of alcohol consumed, vary widely based on location. Furthermore, the availability of fruits and grains used in alcohol production impacts which drinks are more commonly consumed, as does the predominant culture. Some cultures see alcohol consumption as a pleasurable experience, while others see intoxication as a sin.
There’s also the question of economics and availability. It’s strange, but in some regions of the world, industrially mass-produced alcohol can flood markets and become cheaper than other beverages, including water.
When we map alcohol consumption by capita, and by different types of alcohol, these local and cultural stories come to light. The above maps use recorded consumption data from WHO for 2019, in liters of pure alcohol.
Europe Leads in Per Capita Alcohol Consumption
The top 10 countries by alcohol consumption highlight the prominence of alcoholic beverages in European culture.
Eight of the 10 countries with the top alcohol consumption per capita were in Europe. Primarily, they were Eastern and Central European countries, including #2 Latvia, #3 Czech Republic, #4 Lithuania, and #5 Austria.
But the crown of alcohol consumption per capita goes to the Cook Islands, which leads the world with an annual per capita consumption of 13L (3.4 gallons) of alcohol.
| Location | 2019 Alcohol consumption/capita (L) |
|---|---|
| Cook Islands | 12.97 |
| Latvia | 12.90 |
| Czech Republic | 12.73 |
| Lithuania | 11.93 |
| Austria | 11.90 |
| Antigua and Barbuda | 11.88 |
| Estonia | 11.65 |
| France | 11.44 |
| Bulgaria | 11.18 |
| Slovenia | 11.05 |
| Luxembourg | 11.00 |
| Andorra | 10.99 |
| Romania | 10.96 |
| Poland | 10.96 |
| Ireland | 10.91 |
| Hungary | 10.79 |
| Spain | 10.72 |
| Belarus | 10.57 |
| Germany | 10.56 |
| Portugal | 10.37 |
| Slovakia | 10.30 |
| Barbados | 9.94 |
| Montenegro | 9.91 |
| UK | 9.80 |
| Cyprus | 9.64 |
| Croatia | 9.64 |
| Australia | 9.51 |
| Seychelles | 9.48 |
| Bahamas | 9.48 |
| Switzerland | 9.41 |
| Saint Lucia | 9.30 |
| New Zealand | 9.17 |
| Denmark | 9.16 |
| Belgium | 9.15 |
| U.S. | 8.93 |
| Saint Kitts and Nevis | 8.84 |
| Grenada | 8.62 |
| Niue | 8.50 |
| Japan | 8.36 |
| Netherlands | 8.23 |
| Finland | 8.23 |
| Lao People's Democratic Republic | 8.15 |
| Malta | 8.07 |
| Canada | 8.00 |
| Argentina | 7.95 |
| United Republic of Tanzania | 7.81 |
| Chile | 7.80 |
| South Korea | 7.74 |
| Iceland | 7.72 |
| Eswatini | 7.68 |
| Italy | 7.65 |
| Saint Vincent and the Grenadines | 7.48 |
| Serbia | 7.45 |
| Republic of Moldova | 7.45 |
| Georgia | 7.45 |
| Russian Federation | 7.29 |
| Burkina Faso | 7.28 |
| South Africa | 7.21 |
| Sweden | 7.10 |
| Thailand | 6.86 |
| Uganda | 6.82 |
| Suriname | 6.60 |
| Panama | 6.54 |
| Gabon | 6.47 |
| Rwanda | 6.35 |
| Greece | 6.33 |
| Dominica | 6.32 |
| Brazil | 6.12 |
| Equatorial Guinea | 6.11 |
| Norway | 6.05 |
| Botswana | 5.98 |
| Belize | 5.93 |
| Angola | 5.84 |
| Trinidad and Tobago | 5.81 |
| Peru | 5.74 |
| Congo | 5.74 |
| Ukraine | 5.69 |
| Dominican Republic | 5.56 |
| Paraguay | 5.47 |
| Mongolia | 5.46 |
| Bosnia and Herzegovina | 5.46 |
| Uruguay | 5.42 |
| Guyana | 5.11 |
| Philippines | 4.85 |
| Cuba | 4.70 |
| Cabo Verde | 4.70 |
| Cambodia | 4.56 |
| Nigeria | 4.49 |
| China | 4.48 |
| Albania | 4.40 |
| Mexico | 4.25 |
| Sao Tome and Principe | 4.23 |
| Colombia | 4.09 |
| Cameroon | 4.09 |
| Burundi | 4.07 |
| Kyrgyzstan | 4.02 |
| Macedonia | 3.90 |
| Zambia | 3.82 |
| Armenia | 3.77 |
| Kazakhstan | 3.73 |
| Nicaragua | 3.69 |
| North Korea | 3.61 |
| Lesotho | 3.56 |
| Jamaica | 3.46 |
| Viet Nam | 3.41 |
| Mauritius | 3.39 |
| Sierra Leone | 3.22 |
| Guinea-Bissau | 3.21 |
| Liberia | 3.12 |
| Zimbabwe | 3.11 |
| India | 3.09 |
| Israel | 3.07 |
| Costa Rica | 3.07 |
| Ecuador | 3.05 |
| Bolivia | 2.98 |
| El Salvador | 2.94 |
| Turkmenistan | 2.88 |
| Haiti | 2.85 |
| Honduras | 2.73 |
| Fiji | 2.71 |
| Gambia | 2.67 |
| Sri Lanka | 2.58 |
| Venezuela | 2.51 |
| Uzbekistan | 2.45 |
| Nauru | 2.44 |
| Namibia | 2.38 |
| Samoa | 2.18 |
| Myanmar | 2.06 |
| Malawi | 2.04 |
| United Arab Emirates | 2.03 |
| Singapore | 1.81 |
| Côte d’Ivoire | 1.70 |
| Kenya | 1.68 |
| Guatemala | 1.63 |
| Vanuatu | 1.60 |
| Micronesia | 1.59 |
| Ghana | 1.59 |
| Tunisia | 1.51 |
| Mozambique | 1.46 |
| Togo | 1.40 |
| Maldives | 1.38 |
| Azerbaijan | 1.38 |
| Papua New Guinea | 1.26 |
| Benin | 1.25 |
| Solomon Islands | 1.19 |
| Turkey | 1.18 |
| Bahrain | 1.18 |
| Ethiopia | 1.16 |
| Lebanon | 1.14 |
| Qatar | 0.96 |
| Central African Republic | 0.94 |
| Tuvalu | 0.93 |
| Eritrea | 0.93 |
| Madagascar | 0.89 |
| Tajikistan | 0.85 |
| Brunei Darussalam | 0.69 |
| Malaysia | 0.64 |
| Mali | 0.60 |
| Algeria | 0.59 |
| Democratic Republic of the Congo | 0.56 |
| Chad | 0.55 |
| Morocco | 0.51 |
| Oman | 0.47 |
| Kiribati | 0.43 |
| Timor-Leste | 0.41 |
| Nepal | 0.36 |
| Guinea | 0.33 |
| Tonga | 0.31 |
| Senegal | 0.25 |
| Jordan | 0.25 |
| Djibouti | 0.21 |
| Comoros | 0.18 |
| Iraq | 0.16 |
| Egypt | 0.14 |
| Syrian Arab Republic | 0.13 |
| Niger | 0.11 |
| Indonesia | 0.08 |
| Bhutan | 0.07 |
| Pakistan | 0.04 |
| Yemen | 0.02 |
| Iran | 0.02 |
| Libya | 0.01 |
| Afghanistan | 0.01 |
| Somalia | 0 |
| Saudi Arabia | 0 |
| Mauritania | 0 |
| Kuwait | 0 |
| Bangladesh | 0 |
At the bottom of the consumption charts? Not surprisingly, it’s Bangladesh, Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, and other Muslim countries where intoxication is religiously prohibited.
Regional Disparities in Alcohol Consumption
Per capita consumption of alcohol also highlights clear regional preferences in amount and type, or a lack of interest.
The biggest consumers of alcohol are countries in Central Europe, the South Pacific, and parts of the Caribbean. In Europe, beer and wine are kings, with most of the top consumers also being top producers such as France and Germany.
Spirits like rum, meanwhile, are dominant in the Cook Islands and much of the Caribbean, which has four of the 12 top spirit consumers. The others are mainly in Eastern Europe and Russia, which get most of their alcohol consumption from vodka.
| Top Consuming Country by Alcohol | Type | Consumption/Capita |
|---|---|---|
| Czech Republic | Beer | 6.77L |
| France | Wine | 6.44L |
| Cook Islands | Spirits | 7.07L |
| Tanzania | Others | 6.60L |
The importance of local crops couldn’t be overstated. Regions like Africa and Asia that struggle with the right conditions for grapes or hops saw higher consumption of “other” distilled drinks.
These include rice alcohol in South Korea and Japan, and drinks made from sugarcane, molasses, and even bananas in African countries like Tanzania.
Unlike goods like coffee or tea, alcohol can be produced from many different grains, fruits, or sources of sugar that can be fermented—so it’s natural that regional differences in types, amounts, and even cultural importance would arise.
But as one of the world’s most widely used recreational drugs, it’s played a storied role throughout history that is certain to continue evolving.
Green
Visualizing All Electric Car Models Available in the U.S.
When it comes to purchasing electric cars, Americans have a few to choose from. Here’s a look at every electric vehicle sold in the U.S.
Visualizing All Electric Car Models Available in the U.S.
America’s electric vehicle (EV) market has surged over the last decade, and it’s only expected to grow further. The Biden administration has allocated billions towards the EV transition in the hopes that by 2030, electric cars make up 50% of all new cars sales in America.
Given the rising demand, what types of electric car models are available for U.S. consumers to choose from today?
This graphic, using data from Car and Driver and EPA, highlights every single EV that’s available for sale across America, showing the wide range of manufacturers, vehicle types, and prices.
What Electric Vehicles Are Available in America?
As of February 2022, there are 28 different electric vehicles available in the U.S., from 18 different manufacturers. Here are their base model statistics:
| EV Model (2022) | Price (MSRP) | Max. Horsepower | Combined Fuel Economy | Combined Max. Range |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GMC Hummer EV Pickup | $110,295 | 1,000 | N/A | N/A |
| Audi e-tron GT | $102,400 | 469 | 82 MPGe | 238 miles |
| Mercedes EQS | $102,310 | 329 | 97 MPGe | 350 miles |
| Tesla Model X | $98,940 | 670 | 102 MPGe | 348 miles |
| Tesla Model S | $94,990 | 670 | 120 MPGe | 405 miles |
| Porsche Taycan | $82,700 | 321 | 79 MPGe | 200 miles |
| Lucid Air Pure | $77,400 | 480 | N/A | 406 miles |
| Rivian R1S | $72,500 | 600+ | N/A | 260+ miles |
| Jaguar I-Pace* | $69,900 | 394 | 76 MPGe | 234 miles |
| Rivian R1T | $67,500 | 600+ | 70 MPGe | 260+ miles |
| Audi e-tron | $65,900 | 402 | 78 MPGe | 222 miles |
| Volvo C40 Recharge | $58,750 | 402 | 87 MPGe | 226 miles |
| Volvo XC40 Recharge | $55,300 | 402 | 85 MPGe | 223 miles |
| Tesla Model Y Long Range | $53,940 | 480 | 122 MPGe | 330 miles |
| Polestar 2 | $45,900 | 231 | 107 MPGe | 270 miles |
| Tesla Model 3 | $44,990 | 283 | 132 MPGe | 272 miles |
| Audi Q4 e-tron | $43,900 | 295 | 95 MPGe | 241 miles |
| Ford Mustang Mach-E RWD | $43,895 | 266 | 103 MPGe | 247 miles |
| Hyundai Ioniq 5 | $43,650 | 168 | 110 MPGe | 220 miles |
| Kia EV6 | $40,900 | 167 | 117 MPGe | 232 miles |
| Volkswagen ID.4* | $40,760 | 201 | 99 MPGe | 260 miles |
| Kia Niro EV | $39,990 | 201 | 112 MPGe | 239 miles |
| Hyundai Kona Electric | $34,000 | 201 | 120 MPGe | 258 miles |
| Chevrolet Bolt EUV | $33,500 | 200 | 115 MPGe | 247 miles |
| Mazda MX-30 | $33,470 | 143 | 92 MPGe | 100 miles |
| Chevrolet Bolt EV | $31,500 | 200 | 120 MPGe | 259 miles |
| Mini Cooper SE | $29,900 | 181 | 110 MPGe | 114 miles |
| Nissan Leaf | $27,400 | 147 | 111 MPGe | 149 miles |
As of February 2022. *Indicates EPA data on fuel economy and range was only available for 2021 models.
At less than $30,000, the Nissan Leaf and Mini Cooper SE are currently the most affordable options for Americans.
Released in 2010, the Nissan Leaf is one of the oldest EVs on the market. Widely considered a pioneer in the EV space, it’s one of the top-selling electric cars in the U.S.—in 2021, more than 14,000 cars were sold in America.
While the Leaf’s low price point may be appealing to many, it has the third shortest maximum range on the list at 149 miles before needing a recharge. The only other cars with shorter ranges were the Mini Cooper SE and the Mazda MX-30.
GMC’s Hummer EV pickup is the most expensive EV on the list, with a base price point of $110,295—however, GMC is planning to release less expensive versions of the Hummer EV over the coming years.
The only other EV pickup available in the U.S. market in early 2022 is Rivian’s R1T. However, more manufacturers like Ford and Chevrolet are planning to release their own EV pickups, and Tesla’s Cybertruck has been in the works for years.
And new EVs are quickly entering the market. For example, BMW’s all-electric i4 and iX have only recently become available for sale in the U.S.
The Top EV Manufacturers
There are a number of domestic and international manufacturers that sell EVs in America, including German manufacturer Audi, Swedish carmaker Volvo, and South Korean manufacturer Kia.
Here’s a breakdown of the 18 different manufacturers on the list, six of which are U.S. based:
| Manufacturer | Country of HQ | # EVs sold in the U.S. |
|---|---|---|
| Tesla | 🇺🇸 U.S. | 4 |
| Audi | 🇩🇪 Germany | 3 |
| Volvo | 🇸🇪 Sweden | 2 |
| Rivian | 🇺🇸 U.S. | 2 |
| Kia | 🇰🇷 South Korea | 2 |
| Hyundai | 🇰🇷 South Korea | 2 |
| Chevrolet | 🇺🇸 U.S. | 2 |
| Volkswagen | 🇩🇪 Germany | 1 |
| Porsche | 🇩🇪 Germany | 1 |
| Polestar | 🇸🇪 Sweden | 1 |
| Nissan | 🇯🇵 Japan | 1 |
| Mini Cooper | 🇩🇪 German | 1 |
| Mercedes | 🇩🇪 German | 1 |
| Mazda | 🇯🇵 Japan | 1 |
| Lucid | 🇺🇸 U.S. | 1 |
| Jaguar | 🇬🇧 UK | 1 |
| GMC | 🇺🇸 U.S. | 1 |
| Ford | 🇺🇸 U.S. | 1 |
Tesla has the highest number of EV models on the market, with four different vehicles available: the Model S, Model X, Model Y, and the Model 3. It’s one of the few manufacturers on the list that exclusively makes electric cars—the only others being Rivian and Lucid.
While anticipation has been building around Tesla’s Cybertruck, and murmurs of a cheaper Tesla have been circulating, Tesla’ CEO Elon Musk has confirmed that there will be no new Tesla models released in 2022. The company will instead focus on its existing models for the time being.
Are U.S. Consumers Ready to Transition to Electric Cars?
It’s important to note that, while EV adoption in America has increased over the years, the U.S. is still lagging behind other countries. Between 2015 and 2020, America’s EV fleet grew at an annual rate of 28%, while China’s grew by 51%, and Europe increased by 41%.
Why are so many Americans dragging their feet when it comes to electric cars? According to a survey by Pew Research Center, the cost is a big barrier, as well as concerns over their reliability compared to gas vehicles.
But with gas prices at all-time highs, and as consumers grow increasingly concerned over the carbon costs of gas vehicles, switching to an electric car may soon be too hard to resist.
Misc
How Automaker Logos Have Evolved Over the Past Century
Automakers are some of the most recognizable brands in the world. See how car logos for these select brands have evolved over time in this graphic.
How Automaker Logos Have Evolved Over the Past Century
Can you picture Ford’s blue oval, or Mercedes’ three-pointed star? These are some of the most recognizable logos in the world, thanks to a number of reasons.
For starters, automakers are some of the world’s biggest advertisers. In 2020, the automotive industry spent $33 billion on advertising in the U.S. alone.
Automakers also maintain a strong physical presence by placing their logo on every car they produce. This form of self-promotion is an automotive tradition, and because of it, car logos are designed to be eye-catching and memorable.
To learn more, we’ve illustrated the histories of six brands of interest.
Editor’s note: There are obviously many automotive brands with strong histories, but for this visualization we selected brands that we thought had the most interesting stories and graphical decisions behind their emblems. In the future, we may add more or create a follow-up post if readers express interest.
A Closer Look at Car Logos
Automakers often pack hidden meanings and details into their logos.
For example, Mazda’s current logo, introduced in 1997 and updated in 2015, depicts a pair of wings that represent the brand’s desire to “drive powerful, continuous growth.” The concept of flight is believed to embody the company’s pursuit of ongoing improvement. Of course, the wings also resemble a capital “M” for Mazda, similar to Honda’s “H” logo.
An interesting design choice of the Mazda lettering is that all of the letters except “D” are in lowercase. This was done because Mazda wanted to express precision, and a lower case “d” would have protruded above the upper line of the other letters.
Another logo with deeper meaning is Mercedes-Benz’s 3-pointed star, adopted in 1909. This symbol was based off a postcard that Paul and Adolf Daimler, sons of the company founder, got from their father in which the location of their home was marked by a 3-pointed star.
Today, the three points are believed to represent the strength of Mercedes’ engines across land, sea, and air.
Going Minimal
Over the past decade, many brands have taken their logos in a more minimalist direction. Many recently redesigned car logos are devoid of any 3D effects or color.
Audi is one of the most prominent examples of this trend. In 2016, it removed the chrome effect on its “four rings” and opted for a flat black version instead. This clean and modern emblem is better suited for digital media and appears more bold. Furthermore, the name “Audi” is no longer included at the bottom—a statement of the four rings’ strength.
BMW took a similar approach with its logo in 2020, stripping away the black outer ring and 3D effect. This minimalist and transparent logo is for “brand communication” only, meaning the logos on its cars will remain unchanged.
Finally, there’s Cadillac, which unveiled its own minimalist logo in 2021. This logo is being used to represent the brand’s full-electric future, and features a monochromatic version of the classic Cadillac Crest.
An Opportunity to Reinvent
The race for EV dominance has provided automakers with the chance to update or reinvent their brands. In addition to the companies mentioned previously, Volkswagen and General Motors (GM) have also rolled out recent updates.

You may have already noticed Volkswagen’s new branding, which was updated in 2019. On trend with the rest of the industry, the company now uses a 2D logo which offers “outstanding flexibility in digital media”.
More importantly, the company’s branding is intended to feel much more colorful and natural, symbolizing a fresh start from Volkswagen’s 2015 diesel-gate scandal.
Shortly after, GM revealed a new logo as part of a campaign to promote its future electric vehicles. Unlike its minimalist competitors, GM’s new logo features a gradient of light blues that evokes “the clean skies of a zero-emissions future”.
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