Markets

All of the World’s Money and Markets in One Visualization (2022)

Published

10 months ago

November 28, 2022

Jeff Desjardins

Article/Editing:

Dorothy Neufeld

Graphics/Design:

Nick Routley

All of the World's Money and Markets in One Visualization (2022)

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All of the World’s Money and Markets in One Visualization

The era of easy money is now officially over.

For 15 years, policymakers have tried to stimulate the global economy through money creation, zero interest-rate policies, and more recently, aggressive COVID fiscal stimulus.

With capital at near-zero costs over this stretch, investors started to place more value on cash flows in the distant future. Assets inflated and balance sheets expanded, and money inevitably chased more speculative assets like NFTs, crypto, or unproven venture-backed startups.

But the free money party has since ended, after persistent inflation prompted the sudden reversal of many of these policies. And as Warren Buffett says, it’s only when the tide goes out do you get to see “who’s been swimming naked.”

Measuring Money and Markets in 2022

Every time we publish this visualization, our common unit of measurement is a two-dimensional box with a value of $100 billion.

Even though you need many of these to convey the assets on the balance sheet of the U.S. Federal Reserve, or the private wealth held by the world’s billionaires, it’s quite amazing to think what actually fits within this tiny building block of measurement:

What fits in a $100 billion box?

Our little unit of measurement is enough to pay for the construction of the Nord Stream 2 pipeline, while also buying every team in the NHL and digging FTX out of its financial hole several times over.

Here’s an overview of all the items we have listed in this year’s visualization:

Asset category	Value	Source	Notes
SBF (Peak Net Worth)	$26 billion	Bloomberg	Now sits at <$1B
Pro Sports Teams	$340 billion	Forbes	Major pro teams in North America
Cryptocurrency	$760 billion	CoinMarketCap	Peaked at $2.8T in 2021
Ukraine GDP	$130 billion	World Bank	Comparable to GDP of Mississippi
Russia GDP	$1.8 trillion	World Bank	The world's 11th largest economy
Annual Military Spending	$2.1 trillion	SIPRI	2021 data
Physical currency	$8.0 trillion	BIS	2020 data
Gold	$11.5 trillion	World Gold Council	There are 205,238 tonnes of gold in existence
Billionaires	$12.7 trillion	Forbes	Sum of fortunes of all 2,668 billionaires
Central Bank Assets	$28.0 trillion	Trading Economics	Fed, BoJ, Bank of China, and Eurozone only
S&P 500	$36.0 trillion	Slickcharts	Nov 20, 2022
China GDP	$17.7 trillion	World Bank
U.S. GDP	$23.0 trillion	World Bank
Narrow Money Supply	$49.0 trillion	Trading Economics	Includes US, China, Euro Area, Japan only
Broad Money Supply	$82.7 trillion	Trading Economics	Includes US, China, Euro Area, Japan only
Global Equities	$95.9 trillion	WFE	Latest available 2022 data
Global Debt	$300.1 trillion	IIF	Q2 2022
Global Real Estate	$326.5 trillion	Savills	2020 data
Global Private Wealth	$463.6 trillion	Credit Suisse	2022 report
Derivatives (Market)	$12.4 trillion	BIS
Derivatives (Notional)	$600 trillion	BIS

Has the Dust Settled Yet?

Through previous editions of our All the World’s Money and Markets visualization, we’ve created snapshots of the world’s assets and markets at different points in time.

For example, in our 2017 edition of this visualization, Apple’s market capitalization was only $807 billion, and all crypto assets combined for $173 billion. The global debt total was at $215 trillion.

Asset	2017 edition	2022 edition	Change (%)
Apple market cap	$807 billion	$2.3 trillion	+185%
Crypto	$173 billion	$760 billion	+339%
Fed Balance Sheet	$4.5 trillion	$8.7 trillion	+93%
Stock Markets	$73 trillion	$95.9 trillion	+31%
Global Debt	$215 trillion	$300 trillion	+40%

And in just five years, Apple nearly quadrupled in size (it peaked at $3 trillion in January 2022), and crypto also expanded into a multi-trillion dollar market until it was brought back to Earth through the 2022 crash and subsequent FTX implosion.

Meanwhile, global debt continues to accumulate—growing by $85 trillion in the five-year period.

With interest rates expected to continue to rise, companies making cost cuts, and policymakers reining in spending and borrowing, today is another unique snapshot in time.

Now that the easy money era is over, where do things go from here?

Related Topics:featured broad money money wealth elon musk debt s&p 500 stock market markets apple derivatives currency

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Mining

Ranked: The World’s Top Diamond Mining Countries, by Carats and Value

Who are the leaders in rough diamond production and how much is their diamond output worth?

Creator Program

Published

3 hours ago

September 29, 2023

Pallavi Rao

A cropped chart showing the leaders in rough diamond mining and how much their diamond output is worth.

Ranked: World Diamond Mining By Country, Carat, and Value

Only 22 countries in the world engage in rough diamond production—also known as uncut, raw or natural diamonds—mining for them from deposits within their territories.

This chart, by Sam Parker illustrates the leaders in rough diamond production by weight and value. It uses data from Kimberly Process (an international certification organization) along with estimates by Dr. Ashok Damarupurshad, a precious metals and diamond specialist in South Africa.

Rough Diamond Production, By Weight

Russia takes the top spot as the world’s largest rough diamond producer, mining close to 42 million carats in 2022, well ahead of its peers.

ℹ️ Carat is the unit of measurement for the physical weight of diamonds. One carat equals 0.200 grams, which means it takes over 2,265 carats to equal 1 pound.

Russia’s large lead over second-place Botswana (24.8 million carats) and third-ranked Canada (16.2 million carats) indicates that the country’s diamond production is circumventing sanctions due to the difficulties in tracing a diamond’s origin.

Here’s a quick breakdown of rough diamond production in the world.

Rank	Country	Rough Diamond Production (Carats)
1	🇷🇺 Russia	41,923,910
2	🇧🇼 Botswana	24,752,967
3	🇨🇦 Canada	16,249,218
4	🇨🇩 DRC	9,908,998
5	🇿🇦 South Africa	9,660,233
6	🇦🇴 Angola	8,763,309
7	🇿🇼 Zimbabwe	4,461,450
8	🇳🇦 Namibia	2,054,227
9	🇱🇸 Lesotho	727,737
10	🇸🇱 Sierra Leone	688,970
11	🇹🇿 Tanzania	375,533
12	🇧🇷 Brazil	158,420
13	🇬🇳 Guinea	128,771
14	🇨🇫 Central African Republic	118,044
15	🇬🇾 Guyana	83,382
16	🇬🇭 Ghana	82,500
17	🇱🇷 Liberia	52,165
18	🇨🇮 Cote D'Ivoire	3,904
19	🇨🇬 Republic of Congo	3,534
20	🇨🇲 Cameroon	2,431
21	🇻🇪 Venezuela	1,665
22	🇲🇱 Mali	92
	Total	120,201,460

Note: South Africa’s figures are estimated.

As with most other resources, (oil, gold, uranium), rough diamond production is distributed unequally. The top 10 rough diamond producing countries by weight account for 99.2% of all rough diamonds mined in 2022.

Diamond Mining, by Country

However, higher carat mined doesn’t necessarily mean better value for the diamond. Other factors like the cut, color, and clarity also influence a diamond’s value.

Here’s a quick breakdown of diamond production by value (USD) in 2022.

Rank	Country	Rough Diamond Value (USD)
1	🇧🇼 Botswana	$4,975M
2	🇷🇺 Russia	$3,553M
3	🇦🇴 Angola	$1,965M
4	🇨🇦 Canada	$1,877M
5	🇿🇦 South Africa	$1,538M
6	🇳🇦 Namibia	$1,234M
7	🇿🇼 Zimbabwe	$424M
8	🇱🇸 Lesotho	$314M
9	🇸🇱 Sierra Leone	$143M
10	🇹🇿 Tanzania	$110M
11	🇨🇩 DRC	$65M
12	🇧🇷 Brazil	$30M
13	🇱🇷 Liberia	$18M
14	🇨🇫 Central African Republic	$15M
15	🇬🇾 Guyana	$14M
16	🇬🇳 Guinea	$6M
17	🇬🇭 Ghana	$3M
18	🇨🇲 Cameroon	$0.25M
19	🇨🇬 Republic of Congo	$0.20M
20	🇨🇮 Cote D'Ivoire	$0.16M
21	🇻🇪 Venezuela	$0.10M
22	🇲🇱 Mali	$0.06M
	Total	$16,290M

Note: South Africa’s figures are estimated. Furthermore, numbers have been rounded and may not sum to the total.

Thus, even though Botswana only produced 59% of Russia’s diamond weight in 2022, it had a trade value of nearly $5 billion, approximately 1.5 times higher than Russia’s for the same year.

Another example is Angola, which is ranked 6th in diamond production, but 3rd in diamond value.

Both countries (as well as South Africa, Canada, and Namibia) produce gem-quality rough diamonds versus countries like Russia and the DRC whose diamonds are produced mainly for industrial use.

Which Regions Produce the Most Diamonds in 2022?

Unsurprisingly, Africa is the largest rough diamond producing region, accounting for 51% of output by weight, and 66% by value.

Rank	Region	Share of Rough Diamond Production (%)	Share of Rough Diamond Value (%)
1	Africa	51.4%	66.4%
2	Europe	34.9%	32.9%
3	North America	13.5%	52.8%
4	South America	0.2%	2.4%

However diamond mining in Africa is a relatively recent phenomenon, fewer than 200 years old. Diamonds had been discovered—and prized—as far back as 2,000 years ago in India, later on spreading west to Egyptian pharaohs and the Roman Empire.

By the start of the 20th century, diamond production on a large scale took off: first in South Africa, and decades later in other African countries. In fact between 1889–1959, Africa produced 98% of the world’s diamonds.

And in the latter half of the 20th century, the term blood diamond evolved from diamonds mined in African conflict zones used to finance insurgency or crime.