Demographics
Visualizing the U.S. Population by Race
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Visualizing the U.S. Population by Race
The American population is a unique mosaic of cultures—and almost 40% of people identify as racial or ethnic minorities today.
In this treemap, we use data for 2019 from the Kaiser Family Foundation, which bases its analysis on the latest American Community Survey (ACS) data from the U.S. Census Bureau. Then we break down the same data on a state-by-state basis.
Growing Diversity in America
As of 2019, here is the current distribution of the U.S. population by race and ethnicity:
- White: 60.1% (Non-Hispanic)
- Hispanic: 18.5%
- Black: 12.2%
- Asian: 5.6%
- Multiple Races: 2.8%
- American Indian/Alaska Native: 0.7%
- Native Hawaiian/Other Pacific Islander: 0.2%
Note that the U.S. totals do not include Puerto Rico.
However, these race and ethnicity projections are expected to change over the coming years. By the year 2060, it’s expected that the distribution of Non-Hispanic Whites as a percentage of total population will fall from 60.1% to 44.3% of Americans.
| Year | White* | Black | Hispanic | Asian | Multiple Races | Other** |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2020 | 59.7% | 12.5% | 18.7% | 5.8% | 2.3% | 0.9% |
| 2025 | 57.7% | 12.7% | 19.9% | 6.3% | 2.6% | 0.9% |
| 2030 | 55.8% | 12.8% | 21.1% | 6.7% | 2.8% | 0.9% |
| 2035 | 53.8% | 12.9% | 22.3% | 7.1% | 3.1% | 0.9% |
| 2040 | 51.7% | 13.0% | 23.5% | 7.5% | 3.4% | 0.9% |
| 2045 | 49.7% | 13.1% | 24.6% | 7.9% | 3.8% | 0.9% |
| 2050 | 47.8% | 13.3% | 25.7% | 8.2% | 4.1% | 0.9% |
| 2055 | 46.0% | 13.4% | 26.6% | 8.5% | 4.5% | 0.9% |
| 2060 | 44.3% | 13.6% | 27.5% | 8.9% | 4.9% | 0.9% |
Source: U.S. Census Bureau. *Excludes Hispanics **Other includes American Indian/Alaska Native (0.7%) and Native Hawaiian/Pacific Islander (0.2%). Both proportions remain unchanged in these projections.
Interestingly, the proportion of those from multiple racial and ethnic backgrounds will more than double, from 2.3% to 4.9% alongside rising patterns of interracial marriage.
Over time, the U.S. Census has been vastly expanded to reflect the true diversity that the country holds. In fact, it was only from 1960 onwards that people could select their own race—and only from 2020 can those who chose White or Black provide further information on their roots.
A State-by-State Breakdown
Of course, racial diversity in the United States differs widely from region to region.
In the Northeast—particularly the states Maine, Vermont, and New Hampshire—the Non-Hispanic White population accounts for 90% or more of the total. In contrast, Black populations are highest in the District of Columbia (45%) and several Southern states.
| Location | White | Black | Hispanic | Asian | Multiple Races | American Indian /Alaska Native | Native Hawaiian /Other Pacific Islander |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Alabama | 65% | 27% | 4% | 1% | 2% | 0% | - |
| Alaska | 60% | 2% | 7% | 6% | 8% | 15% | 2% |
| Arizona | 54% | 4% | 32% | 3% | 2% | 4% | 0% |
| Arkansas | 72% | 15% | 8% | 2% | 2% | 1% | 0% |
| California | 36% | 5% | 40% | 15% | 3% | 0% | 0% |
| Colorado | 68% | 4% | 22% | 3% | 3% | 1% | 0% |
| Connecticut | 66% | 10% | 17% | 5% | 3% | 0% | - |
| Delaware | 61% | 22% | 10% | 4% | 3% | 0% | - |
| District of Columbia | 37% | 45% | 11% | 4% | 3% | 0% | - |
| Florida | 53% | 15% | 27% | 3% | 2% | 0% | 0% |
| Georgia | 52% | 31% | 10% | 4% | 3% | 0% | 0% |
| Hawaii | 20% | 1% | 10% | 39% | 18% | 0% | 10% |
| Idaho | 82% | 1% | 13% | 1% | 3% | 1% | - |
| Illinois | 61% | 14% | 18% | 6% | 2% | 0% | <.01 |
| Indiana | 79% | 9% | 7% | 2% | 2% | 0% | - |
| Iowa | 85% | 4% | 6% | 2% | 2% | 0% | <.01 |
| Kansas | 76% | 6% | 12% | 3% | 3% | 1% | - |
| Kentucky | 85% | 8% | 4% | 2% | 2% | 0% | - |
| Louisiana | 59% | 32% | 5% | 2% | 2% | 1% | - |
| Maine | 93% | 1% | 2% | 1% | 2% | 1% | - |
| Maryland | 50% | 30% | 11% | 6% | 3% | 0% | - |
| Massachusetts | 71% | 7% | 12% | 7% | 3% | 0% | <.01 |
| Michigan | 75% | 13% | 5% | 3% | 3% | 1% | - |
| Minnesota | 79% | 6% | 6% | 5% | 3% | 1% | - |
| Mississippi | 57% | 38% | 3% | 1% | 1% | 0% | - |
| Missouri | 79% | 11% | 4% | 2% | 3% | 0% | 0% |
| Montana | 86% | 1% | 4% | 1% | 3% | 6% | - |
| Nebraska | 79% | 5% | 11% | 2% | 2% | 1% | - |
| Nevada | 48% | 9% | 29% | 9% | 4% | 1% | 1% |
| New Hampshire | 90% | 1% | 4% | 3% | 2% | - | - |
| New Jersey | 55% | 12% | 21% | 10% | 2% | 0% | - |
| New Mexico | 37% | 2% | 50% | 2% | 2% | 9% | - |
| New York | 55% | 14% | 19% | 9% | 3% | 0% | - |
| North Carolina | 63% | 21% | 10% | 3% | 3% | 1% | <.01 |
| North Dakota | 84% | 2% | 4% | 1% | 3% | 5% | - |
| Ohio | 79% | 12% | 4% | 2% | 3% | 0% | - |
| Oklahoma | 65% | 7% | 11% | 2% | 7% | 8% | 0% |
| Oregon | 75% | 2% | 13% | 5% | 4% | 1% | 0% |
| Pennsylvania | 76% | 10% | 8% | 4% | 2% | 0% | <.01 |
| Puerto Rico | 1% | 0% | 98% | - | 0% | - | - |
| Rhode Island | 71% | 6% | 17% | 3% | 3% | 0% | - |
| South Carolina | 64% | 26% | 6% | 2% | 2% | 0% | - |
| South Dakota | 82% | 2% | 4% | 1% | 2% | 8% | - |
| Tennessee | 74% | 16% | 6% | 2% | 2% | 0% | - |
| Texas | 41% | 12% | 40% | 5% | 2% | 0% | 0% |
| Utah | 78% | 1% | 14% | 2% | 3% | 1% | 1% |
| Vermont | 93% | 1% | 2% | 2% | 2% | 1% | - |
| Virginia | 61% | 19% | 10% | 7% | 3% | 0% | <.01 |
| Washington | 68% | 4% | 13% | 9% | 5% | 1% | 1% |
| West Virginia | 93% | 3% | 1% | 1% | 2% | 0% | - |
| Wisconsin | 81% | 6% | 7% | 3% | 2% | 1% | - |
| Wyoming | 84% | 1% | 10% | 1% | 2% | 2% | - |
| U.S. | 60.1% | 12.2% | 18.5% | 5.6% | 2.8% | 0.7% | 0.2% |
Note: A dash (-) indicates estimates with relative standard errors greater than 30%, which were not included in the data
Of all the 50 states, Hawaii is home to the largest share of Asian populations at 39%. It also has one of the most diverse racial breakdowns in the nation overall, including the highest proportion of mixed race individuals.
Looking to another island, an overwhelming majority (98%) of Puerto Ricans are of Hispanic origins. While it’s not a state, its inhabitants are all considered U.S. citizens.
Charting the U.S. population by race is crucial for a number of reasons. This information can be used to better understand existing income and wealth gaps, track public health outcomes, and to aid in policy decision-making at higher levels.
We become not a melting pot but a beautiful mosaic. Different people, different beliefs, different yearnings, different hopes, different dreams.
—Jimmy Carter, 39th President of the U.S.
Editor’s note: This article has been updated to better reflect U.S. Census Bureau categories.
Demographics
Charted: The World’s Working Poor, by Country (1991-2021)
This graphic shows the regional breakdown of the world’s working poor, and how this demographic has changed since 1995.
Creator Program
Charting Three Decades of the World’s Working Poor
Poverty is often associated with unemployment—however, millions of working people around the world are living in what’s considered to be extreme poverty, or less than $1.90 per day.
Thankfully, the world’s population of poor workers has decreased substantially over the last few decades. But how exactly has it changed since 1991, and where is the majority of the working poor population living today?
This graphic by Gilbert Fontana uses data from the International Labour Organization (ILO) to show the regional breakdown of the world’s working poor, and how this demographic has changed in the last few decades.
From Asia to Africa
In 1991, about 808 million employed people were living in extreme poverty, or nearly 15% of the global population at the time.
As the graphic above shows, a majority of this population lived in Eastern Asia, most notably in China, which was the world’s most populous country until only very recently.
However, thanks to China’s economic reforms, and political reforms like the National “8-7” Poverty Reduction Plan, millions of people in the country were lifted out of poverty.
Today, Sub-Saharan Africa is the region with the world’s highest concentration of working poor. Below, we’ll take a closer look at the region and zoom in on select countries.
Zooming in on Sub-Saharan Africa
As of 2021, 11 of the 49 countries that make up Sub-Saharan Africa had a working poverty rate that made up over half their population.
Here’s a look at these 11 countries, and the percentage of their working population that lives in extreme poverty:
| Rank | Country | Working Poverty Rate (% of total population) |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 🇧🇮 Burundi | 79% |
| 2 | 🇲🇬 Madagascar | 76% |
| 3 | 🇨🇩 DR Condo | 69% |
| 4 | 🇲🇼 Malawi | 65% |
| 5 | 🇨🇫 Central African Republic | 63% |
| 6 | 🇬🇼 Guinea-Bissau | 61% |
| 7 | 🇲🇿 Mozambique | 61% |
| 8 | 🇨🇬 Congo | 59% |
| 9 | 🇿🇲 Zambia | 56% |
| 10 | 🇦🇴 Angola | 52% |
| 11 | 🇱🇷 Liberia | 51% |
Burundi is first on the list, with 79% of its working population living below the poverty line. One reason for this is the country’s struggling economy—Burundi has the lowest GDP per capita of any country in the world.
Because of the economic conditions in the country, many people struggle to meet their basic needs. For instance, it’s estimated that 40% of urban dwellers in Burundi don’t have access to safe drinking water.
But Burundi is not alone, with other countries like Madagascar and the Democratic Republic of the Congo also having more than two-thirds of their working population in extreme poverty. Which countries will be able to able to lift their people out of poverty next?
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