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More than half of the world’s population currently lives in cities—and as time goes on, it’s clear that more urban dwellers will find themselves living in megacities.
Megacities are defined as urban areas with a population of more than 10 million people. This means that the world’s top 20 most populous cities are all megacities.
This visualization, using data from Macrotrends, shows the 20 most populous cities in the world.
Rapid Urbanization
Today, more than 80% of people in higher income countries find themselves living in urban areas, and in upper-middle income countries the number lies between 50-80%.
Rural-to-urban migration is an increasingly relevant trend in the 21st century. Prospects of better job opportunities and higher wages, along with shifts from agrarian to industrial and service-based economies, are causing mass movement to cities.
How much have the world’s five most populous cities grown in just the last decade?
Rank
City
2010 Population
2020 Population
Percentage Change
#1
🇯🇵 Tokyo
36,834,000
37,393,000
+1.5%
#2
🇮🇳 Delhi
21,935,000
30,291,000
+38.1%
#3
🇨🇳 Shanghai
19,980,000
27,058,000
+35.4%
#4
🇧🇷 São Paulo
19,660,000
22,043,000
+12.1%
#5
🇲🇽 Mexico City
20,132,000
21,782,000
+8.2%
While Tokyo only gained 559,000 people between 2010 and 2020, Delhi gained over 8 million people in the same time frame.
Shanghai grew by over 7 million people. Meanwhile, São Paulo grew by more than 2 million, and Mexico City gained just over 1.6 million people.
Interestingly, Mexico City placed third on the top largest cities list in 2010, but has since experienced slower growth compared to its competitors, Shanghai and São Paulo.
The Most Populous Cities Today
While Tokyo is the world’s most populous city with 37,393,000 people, this number is leveling out due to declining birth rates and an aging population.
Indian and Chinese cities, on the other hand, will continue to grow rapidly in the coming years. In fact, it’s expected that Delhi’s population could surpass Tokyo’s by 2028.
Here’s a closer look at the top 20 most populous cities.
Rank
City
Population
1
🇯🇵 Tokyo
37,393,000
2
🇮🇳 Delhi
30,291,000
3
🇨🇳 Shanghai
27,058,000
4
🇧🇷 São Paulo
22,043,000
5
🇲🇽 Mexico City
21,782,000
6
🇧🇩 Dhaka
21,006,000
7
🇪🇬 Cairo
20,901,000
8
🇨🇳 Beijing
20,463,000
9
🇮🇳 Mumbai
20,411,000
10
🇯🇵 Osaka
19,165,000
11
🇺🇸 New York City
18,804,000
12
🇵🇰 Karachi
16,094,000
13
🇨🇳 Chongqing
15,872,000
14
🇹🇷 Istanbul
15,190,000
15
🇦🇷 Buenos Aires
15,154,000
16
🇮🇳 Kolkata
14,850,000
17
🇳🇬 Lagos
14,368,000
18
🇨🇩 Kinshasa
14,342,000
19
🇵🇭 Manila
13,923,000
20
🇨🇳 Tianjin
13,580,000
By 2035, two new cities are expected to crack the top 20 list. Specifically, it’s projected that Bangalore (India) and Lahore (Pakistan) will boot out Tianjin and Buenos Aires. In addition, Guangzhou, Shenzhen, and Chennai are all expected to meet the megacity definition by 2035.
Urban growth will continue mainly in Asia and Africa, as some cities in regions such as Europe actually begin to shrink in population due to aging citizens and declining birth rates. Since 2012, deaths in the EU have actually been outpacing births—and in 2019, there were 4.7 million deaths compared to 4.2 million births, though net migration kept population numbers from falling.
Life in the City
While there are certainly downsides to mass urbanization, like pollution and overcrowding, the upsides clearly outweigh the negatives for most people. Convenience, better jobs, easier access to social services, and higher wages are among the many reasons people are likely to continue to move to cities, even in the post-COVID era.
With the emergence of smart and green cities, the quality of life for many urban dwellers will likely continue to improve, and more large urban areas will morph into megacities.