Demographics
Ranked: The Most Populous Cities in the World
Ranked: The Most Populous Cities in the World
More than half of the world’s population currently lives in cities—and as time goes on, it’s clear that more urban dwellers will find themselves living in megacities.
Megacities are defined as urban areas with a population of more than 10 million people. This means that the world’s top 20 most populous cities are all megacities.
This visualization, using data from Macrotrends, shows the 20 most populous cities in the world.
Rapid Urbanization
Today, more than 80% of people in higher income countries find themselves living in urban areas, and in upper-middle income countries the number lies between 50-80%.
Rural-to-urban migration is an increasingly relevant trend in the 21st century. Prospects of better job opportunities and higher wages, along with shifts from agrarian to industrial and service-based economies, are causing mass movement to cities.
How much have the world’s five most populous cities grown in just the last decade?
Rank | City | 2010 Population | 2020 Population | Percentage Change |
---|---|---|---|---|
#1 | 🇯🇵 Tokyo | 36,834,000 | 37,393,000 | +1.5% |
#2 | 🇮🇳 Delhi | 21,935,000 | 30,291,000 | +38.1% |
#3 | 🇨🇳 Shanghai | 19,980,000 | 27,058,000 | +35.4% |
#4 | 🇧🇷 São Paulo | 19,660,000 | 22,043,000 | +12.1% |
#5 | 🇲🇽 Mexico City | 20,132,000 | 21,782,000 | +8.2% |
While Tokyo only gained 559,000 people between 2010 and 2020, Delhi gained over 8 million people in the same time frame.
Shanghai grew by over 7 million people. Meanwhile, São Paulo grew by more than 2 million, and Mexico City gained just over 1.6 million people.
Interestingly, Mexico City placed third on the top largest cities list in 2010, but has since experienced slower growth compared to its competitors, Shanghai and São Paulo.
The Most Populous Cities Today
While Tokyo is the world’s most populous city with 37,393,000 people, this number is leveling out due to declining birth rates and an aging population.
Indian and Chinese cities, on the other hand, will continue to grow rapidly in the coming years. In fact, it’s expected that Delhi’s population could surpass Tokyo’s by 2028.
Here’s a closer look at the top 20 most populous cities.
Rank | City | Population |
---|---|---|
1 | 🇯🇵 Tokyo | 37,393,000 |
2 | 🇮🇳 Delhi | 30,291,000 |
3 | 🇨🇳 Shanghai | 27,058,000 |
4 | 🇧🇷 São Paulo | 22,043,000 |
5 | 🇲🇽 Mexico City | 21,782,000 |
6 | 🇧🇩 Dhaka | 21,006,000 |
7 | 🇪🇬 Cairo | 20,901,000 |
8 | 🇨🇳 Beijing | 20,463,000 |
9 | 🇮🇳 Mumbai | 20,411,000 |
10 | 🇯🇵 Osaka | 19,165,000 |
11 | 🇺🇸 New York City | 18,804,000 |
12 | 🇵🇰 Karachi | 16,094,000 |
13 | 🇨🇳 Chongqing | 15,872,000 |
14 | 🇹🇷 Istanbul | 15,190,000 |
15 | 🇦🇷 Buenos Aires | 15,154,000 |
16 | 🇮🇳 Kolkata | 14,850,000 |
17 | 🇳🇬 Lagos | 14,368,000 |
18 | 🇨🇩 Kinshasa | 14,342,000 |
19 | 🇵🇭 Manila | 13,923,000 |
20 | 🇨🇳 Tianjin | 13,580,000 |
By 2035, two new cities are expected to crack the top 20 list. Specifically, it’s projected that Bangalore (India) and Lahore (Pakistan) will boot out Tianjin and Buenos Aires. In addition, Guangzhou, Shenzhen, and Chennai are all expected to meet the megacity definition by 2035.
Urban growth will continue mainly in Asia and Africa, as some cities in regions such as Europe actually begin to shrink in population due to aging citizens and declining birth rates. Since 2012, deaths in the EU have actually been outpacing births—and in 2019, there were 4.7 million deaths compared to 4.2 million births, though net migration kept population numbers from falling.
Life in the City
While there are certainly downsides to mass urbanization, like pollution and overcrowding, the upsides clearly outweigh the negatives for most people. Convenience, better jobs, easier access to social services, and higher wages are among the many reasons people are likely to continue to move to cities, even in the post-COVID era.
With the emergence of smart and green cities, the quality of life for many urban dwellers will likely continue to improve, and more large urban areas will morph into megacities.
Demographics
Mapped: Population Growth by Region (1900-2050F)
In this visualization, we map the populations of major regions at three different points in time: 1900, 2000, and 2050 (forecasted).
Mapping Population Growth by Region
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In fewer than 50 years, the world population has doubled in size, jumping from 4 to 8 billion.
In this visualization, we map the populations of major regions at three different points in time: 1900, 2000, and 2050 (forecasted). Figures come from Our World in Data as of March 2023, using the United Nations medium-fertility scenario.
Population by Continent (1900-2050F)
Asia was the biggest driver of global population growth over the course of the 20th century. In fact, the continent’s population grew by 2.8 billion people from 1900 to 2000, compared to just 680 million from the second on our list, Africa.
Region | 1900 | 2000 | 2050F |
---|---|---|---|
Asia | 931,021,418 | 3,735,089,775 | 5,291,555,919 |
Africa | 138,752,199 | 818,952,374 | 2,485,135,689 |
Europe | 406,610,221 | 727,917,165 | 704,398,730 |
North America | 104,231,973 | 486,364,446 | 679,488,449 |
South America | 41,330,704 | 349,634,344 | 491,078,697 |
Oceania | 5,936,615 | 31,223,133 | 57,834,753 |
World 🌐 | 1,627,883,130 | 6,149,181,237 | 9,709,492,237 |
China was the main source of Asia’s population expansion, though its population growth has slowed in recent years. That’s why in 2023, India surpassed China to become the world’s most populous country.
Southeast Asian countries like the Philippines and Indonesia have also been big drivers of Asia’s population boom to this point.
The Future: Africa to Hit 2.5 Billion by 2050
Under the UN’s medium-fertility scenario (all countries converge at a birthrate of 1.85 children per woman by 2050), Africa will solidify its place as the world’s second most populous region.
Three countries—Nigeria, Ethiopia, and Egypt—will account for roughly 30% of that 2.5 billion population figure.
Meanwhile, both North America and South America are expected to see a slowdown in population growth, while Europe is the only region that will shrink by 2050.
A century ago, Europe’s population was close to 30% of the world total. Today, that figure stands at less than 10%.
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