Energy
Growth and Decline: Visualizing U.S. Population Change by County
View a bigger sized version of this same map.
Visualizing U.S. Population Change by County (2010-2018)
The American Heartland continues to feed the growth of urban centers — not only with its agricultural products and natural resources, but with its people as well.
Across the nation, coastal urban centers are adding new citizens, while rural counties are seeing their populations decline. Outside of this general trend, fracking has created some rare pockets of growth in rural areas, while coal mine closures have had the opposite effect.
Today’s map comes to us from Reddit user jinkinson, and it maps U.S. population change by county from 2010 to 2018, using data from the U.S. Census Bureau.
Uneven Growth
From 2010 to 2018, the total United States population increased by 6% from 308,745,538 to 327,167,434. However, it’s clear that not all counties participated in this uptrend.
There are 3,142 counties counted as part of this map (Puerto Rico and U.S. territories excluded). Of these, 1,489 experienced positive growth, while 1,653 saw a decline.
Which Counties are Growing the Fastest?
America’s economy has grown for over a decade, but that growth increasingly concentrates in 1% of the nation’s counties.
In fact, just 31 counties were responsible for 32.3% of the U.S. gross domestic product (GDP) in 2018, according to data from the Bureau of Economic Analysis.
Although economic concentration tells part of the story, a view of changing population patterns can help us see where physical growth is happening across the country.
Top 20 Counties for U.S. Population Growth
Rank | State | County Name | 2010 Population | 2018 Population | % Change |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
#1 | North Dakota | McKenzie County | 6,360 | 13,632 | 114% |
#2 | Texas | Loving County | 82 | 152 | 85% |
#3 | North Dakota | Williams County | 22,398 | 35,350 | 58% |
#4 | Texas | Hays County | 157,107 | 222,631 | 42% |
#5 | Utah | Wasatch County | 23,530 | 33,240 | 41% |
#6 | Tennessee | Trousdale County | 7,870 | 11,012 | 40% |
#7 | Texas | Hudspeth County | 3,476 | 4,795 | 38% |
#8 | Florida | Sumter County | 93,420 | 128,754 | 38% |
#9 | Florida | Osceola County | 268,685 | 367,990 | 37% |
#10 | Texas | Comal County | 108,472 | 148,373 | 37% |
#11 | Texas | Kendall County | 33,410 | 45,641 | 37% |
#12 | Iowa | Dallas County | 66,135 | 90,180 | 36% |
#13 | Georgia | Forsyth County | 175,511 | 236,612 | 35% |
#14 | Texas | Fort Bend County | 585,375 | 787,858 | 34% |
#15 | Texas | Williamson County | 422,679 | 566,719 | 34% |
#16 | Florida | St. Johns County | 190,039 | 254,261 | 34% |
#17 | North Dakota | Mountrail County | 7,673 | 10,218 | 33% |
#18 | Georgia | Long County | 14,464 | 18,998 | 31% |
#19 | South Dakota | Lincoln County | 44,828 | 58,807 | 31% |
#2 | Virginia | Loudoun County | 312,311 | 406,850 | 30% |
At the top of the list is McKenzie County, North Dakota, which experienced a growth of 114% in its population from 2010 to 2018. This is due to the shale gas industry that flourished in the area. Interestingly, all of North Dakota’s active oil and gas rigs are in just four counties: McKenzie, Dunn, Williams, and Mountrail, three of which make the top 20 list above.
The fracking boom also fueled growth in Texas, where six counties made the list.
However, immediate economic success built on fracking sands and sensitive commodity prices may not be sustainable over the longer term. In fact, counties from a previous energy era are already seeing what happens when demand dries up.
Which Counties are Declining the Fastest?
If you look at a map of coal operations in the U.S. and compare it to the list of declining counties below, a stark pattern appears.
Half of country’s coal miners work in just 25 counties, and as mines close there are fewer economic opportunities available in those areas.
Top 20 Counties for U.S. Population Decline
Rank | State | County Name | 2010 Population | 2018 Population | % Change |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
#1 | Illinois | Alexander County | 8,238 | 6,060 | -26% |
#2 | Oklahoma | Blaine County | 11,943 | 9,485 | -21% |
#3 | West Virginia | McDowell County | 22,113 | 18,223 | -18% |
#4 | Kansas | Morton County | 3,233 | 2,667 | -18% |
#5 | Arkansas | Phillips County | 21,757 | 18,029 | -17% |
#6 | Texas | Terrell County | 984 | 823 | -16% |
#7 | Texas | Schleicher County | 3,461 | 2,895 | -16% |
#8 | Alaska | Petersburg Borough | 3,815 | 3,221 | -16% |
#9 | Arkansas | Monroe County | 8,149 | 6,900 | -15% |
#10 | Louisiana | Tensas Parish | 5,252 | 4,462 | -15% |
#11 | South Carolina | Allendale County | 10,419 | 8,903 | -15% |
#12 | Michigan | Ontonagon County | 6,780, | 5,795 | -15% |
#13 | Mississippi | Quitman County | 8,223 | 7,051 | -14% |
#14 | Alabama | Macon County | 21,452 | 18,439 | -14% |
#15 | Arkansas | Lee County | 10,424 | 8,985 | -14% |
#16 | Alabama | Perry County | 10,591 | 9,140 | -14% |
#17 | Virginia | Emporia city | 5,927 | 5,121 | -14% |
#18 | Mississippi | Coahoma County | 26,151 | 22,628 | -13% |
#19 | Colorado | Kit Carson County | 8,270 | 7,163 | -13% |
#20 | Texas | Mitchell County | 9,403 | 8,145 | -13% |
While coal counties have grim figures due to the changing domestic energy story, it’s Alexander County in Illinois that tops the list with a 26% decline in population over the time period.
In fact, the harsh reality is that 93% of Illinois’ counties have seen a decrease in population between 2010-2018.
State by State: Winners and Losers
The number of declining counties within a state reveals a larger picture. Visual Capitalist aggregated county level data to reveal the patterns of U.S. states.
State | # Counties with Negative Growth | # Counties with Positive Growth | % of Counties with Negative Growth |
---|---|---|---|
Illinois | 93 | 9 | 91% |
Connecticut | 7 | 1 | 88% |
Kansas | 90 | 15 | 86% |
West Virginia | 46 | 9 | 84% |
Mississippi | 62 | 20 | 76% |
New York | 46 | 16 | 74% |
Nebraska | 66 | 27 | 71% |
Pennsylvania | 47 | 20 | 70% |
New Mexico | 23 | 10 | 70% |
Missouri | 79 | 36 | 69% |
Iowa | 68 | 31 | 69% |
Ohio | 58 | 30 | 66% |
Alabama | 43 | 24 | 64% |
Indiana | 59 | 33 | 64% |
Arkansas | 48 | 27 | 64% |
Michigan | 53 | 30 | 64% |
Louisiana | 39 | 25 | 61% |
Oklahoma | 44 | 33 | 57% |
Vermont | 8 | 6 | 57% |
Maine | 7 | 6 | 54% |
Kentucky | 63 | 57 | 53% |
Wyoming | 12 | 11 | 52% |
North Dakota | 27 | 26 | 51% |
Minnesota | 44 | 43 | 51% |
Rhode Island | 4 | 4 | 50% |
New Jersey | 10 | 11 | 48% |
Wisconsin | 34 | 38 | 47% |
Georgia | 73 | 86 | 46% |
South Carolina | 21 | 25 | 46% |
Virginia | 60 | 73 | 45% |
North Carolina | 43 | 57 | 43% |
South Dakota | 26 | 40 | 39% |
Alaska | 11 | 18 | 38% |
Texas | 96 | 158 | 38% |
Nevada | 6 | 11 | 35% |
Tennessee | 32 | 63 | 34% |
Montana | 18 | 38 | 32% |
New Hampshire | 3 | 7 | 30% |
Maryland | 7 | 17 | 29% |
California | 15 | 43 | 26% |
Colorado | 16 | 48 | 25% |
Utah | 7 | 22 | 24% |
Florida | 15 | 52 | 22% |
Massachusetts | 3 | 11 | 21% |
Idaho | 9 | 35 | 20% |
Hawaii | 1 | 4 | 20% |
Oregon | 7 | 29 | 19% |
Arizona | 2 | 13 | 13% |
Washington | 2 | 37 | 5% |
Delaware | 0 | 3 | 0% |
District of Columbia | 0 | 1 | 0% |
Illinois tops the list with the most people leaving its counties, while areas such as the District of Columbia and Delaware experienced no declines.
What happens to a state where the majority of its counties are losing residents?
The Big Picture
Americans are seeking out opportunity where it resides: in the cities. The pursuit of fracking oil and gas created opportunities in regions beyond the coast or traditional urban centers.
However, the long term trend of concentration of people on coasts and in major urban centers will continue to impact infrastructure spending, labor mobility, and economic activity. America no longer derives the majority of its economic success from rural counties and industries.
It is unclear how rural counties will fare as their denizens continue to dwindle. What is clear is that the few that rely on natural resources for success will continue to experience the ups and downs of volatile commodity markets.
Energy
Mapped: Renewable Energy and Battery Installations in the U.S. in 2023
This graphic describes new U.S. renewable energy installations by state along with nameplate capacity, planned to come online in 2023.

Renewable and Battery Installations in the U.S. in 2023
This was originally posted on Elements. Sign up to the free mailing list to get beautiful visualizations on real assets and resource megatrends each week.
Renewable energy, in particular solar power, is set to shine in 2023. This year, the U.S. plans to get over 80% of its new energy installations from sources like battery, solar, and wind.
The above map uses data from EIA to highlight planned U.S. renewable energy and battery storage installations by state for 2023.
Texas and California Leading in Renewable Energy
Nearly every state in the U.S. has plans to produce new clean energy in 2023, but it’s not a surprise to see the two most populous states in the lead of the pack.
Even though the majority of its power comes from natural gas, Texas currently leads the U.S. in planned renewable energy installations. The state also has plans to power nearly 900,000 homes using new wind energy.
California is second, which could be partially attributable to the passing of Title 24, an energy code that makes it compulsory for new buildings to have the equipment necessary to allow the easy installation of solar panels, battery storage, and EV charging.
New solar power in the U.S. isn’t just coming from places like Texas and California. In 2023, Ohio will add 1,917 MW of new nameplate solar capacity, with Nevada and Colorado not far behind.
Top 10 States | Battery (MW) | Solar (MW) | Wind (MW) | Total (MW) |
---|---|---|---|---|
Texas | 1,981 | 6,462 | 1,941 | 10,385 |
California | 4,555 | 4,293 | 123 | 8,970 |
Nevada | 678 | 1,596 | 0 | 2,274 |
Ohio | 12 | 1,917 | 5 | 1,934 |
Colorado | 230 | 1,187 | 200 | 1,617 |
New York | 58 | 509 | 559 | 1,125 |
Wisconsin | 4 | 939 | 92 | 1,034 |
Florida | 3 | 978 | 0 | 980 |
Kansas | 0 | 0 | 843 | 843 |
Illinois | 0 | 363 | 477 | 840 |
The state of New York is also looking to become one of the nation’s leading renewable energy providers. The New York State Energy Research & Development Authority (NYSERDA) is making real strides towards this objective with 11% of the nation’s new wind power projects expected to come online in 2023.
According to the data, New Hampshire is the only state in the U.S. that has no new utility-scale renewable energy installations planned for 2023. However, the state does have plans for a massive hydroelectric plant that should come online in 2024.
Decarbonizing Energy
Renewable energy is considered essential to reduce global warming and CO2 emissions.
In line with the efforts by each state to build new renewable installations, the Biden administration has set a goal of achieving a carbon pollution-free power sector by 2035 and a net zero emissions economy by no later than 2050.
The EIA forecasts the share of U.S. electricity generation from renewable sources rising from 22% in 2022 to 23% in 2023 and to 26% in 2024.
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