Investor Education

How Algorithms Have Changed the Face of Wall Street

Published

9 years ago

June 19, 2014

Jeff Desjardins

How Algorithms Have Changed the Face of Wall Street

In these modern times, it feels as if everything (and sometimes, everyone) is being replaced by electronics and computers. The financial industry is no exception. Algorithms have changed the way investors are trading on the stock market and it has made the process incredibly efficient. However, in addition to the benefits of technology in trading, there have been many problems that have come to light.

Through the increased capabilities of advanced computers and algorithms, high frequency trading (HFT) is made possible. High frequency trading is the rapid trade of stock and securities through use of advanced computer tools and algorithms.

While proponents of HFT would argue that they provide liquidity to the market and decrease overall costs, it has also arguably put mom and pop investors at a disadvantage when competing with investment banks and hedge funds. Quite simply, individual investors do not have the technological resources or the proximity to keep up with the speed their larger counterparts trade at.

Financial journalist, Michael Lewis, recently released an expose book, Flash Boys, which focuses on HFT in the American equity market. Mr. Lewis’ book suggests that “the market is rigged” and that stock fraud is rampant through the illegal practice of insider trading.

In the wake of the media storm surrounding the release of the book, the FBI, US Department of Justice, and the New York Attorney General’s office have all launched investigations into HFT practices. The New York Stock Exchange was even fined $4.5 million for charges related to Lewis’ book.

In one famous case of Virtu Financial, the HFT firm lost money on only one day of 1,238 days of trading. With instances like this, retail investors have to ask themselves who is really making the big bucks in the market.

Original infographic from: QuantConnect.com

Related Topics:stock fraud Algorithm wall street high frequency trading htf flash boys Michael Lewis

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The 20 Most Common Investing Mistakes, in One Chart

Here are the most common investing mistakes to avoid, from emotionally-driven investing to paying too much in fees.

Published

3 weeks ago

November 7, 2023

Dorothy Neufeld

The Top 20 Most Common Investment Mistakes, in One Chart

The 20 Most Common Investing Mistakes

This was originally posted on Advisor Channel. Sign up to the free mailing list to get beautiful visualizations on financial markets that help advisors and their clients.

No one is immune to errors, including the best investors in the world.

Fortunately, investing mistakes can provide valuable lessons over time, providing investors an opportunity to gain insights on investing—and build more resilient portfolios.

This graphic shows the top 20 most common investing mistakes to watch out for, according to the CFA Institute.

20 Investment Mistakes to Avoid

From emotionally-driven investment decisions to paying too much on fees, here are some of the most common investing mistakes:

Top 20 Mistakes	Description
1. Expecting Too Much	Having reasonable return expectations helps investors keep a long-term view without reacting emotionally.
2. No Investment Goals	Often investors focus on short-term returns or the latest investment craze instead of their long-term investment goals.
3. Not Diversifying	Diversifying prevents a single stock from drastically impacting the value of your portfolio.
4. Focusing on the Short Term	It’s easy to focus on the short term, but this can make investors second-guess their original strategy and make careless decisions.
5. Buying High and Selling Low	Investor behavior during market swings often hinders overall performance.
6. Trading Too Much	One study shows that the most active traders underperformed the U.S. stock market by 6.5% on average annually. Source: The Journal of Finance
7. Paying Too Much in Fees	Fees can meaningfully impact your overall investment performance, especially over the long run.
8. Focusing Too Much on Taxes	While tax-loss harvesting can boost returns, making a decision solely based on its tax consequences may not always be merited.
9. Not Reviewing Investments Regularly	Review your portfolio quarterly or annually to make sure you’re staying on track or if your portfolio is in need of rebalancing.
10. Misunderstanding Risk	Too much risk can take you out of your comfort zone, but too little risk may result in lower returns that do not reach your financial goals. Recognize the right balance for your personal situation.
11. Not Knowing Your Performance	Often, investors don’t actually know the performance of their investments. Review your returns to track if you are meeting your investment goals factoring in fees and inflation.
12. Reacting to the Media	Negative news in the short-term can trigger fear, but remember to focus on the long run.
13. Forgetting About Inflation	Historically, inflation has averaged 4% annually. Value of $100 at 4% Annual Inflation After 1 Year: $96 After 20 Years: $44
14. Trying to Time the Market	Market timing is extremely hard. Staying in the market can generate much higher returns versus trying to time the market perfectly.
15. Not Doing Due Diligence	Check the credentials of your advisor through sites like BrokerCheck, which shows their employment history and complaints.
16. Working With the Wrong Advisor	Taking the time to find the right advisor is worth it. Vet your advisor carefully to ensure your goals are aligned.
17. Investing With Emotions	Although it can be challenging, remember to stay rational during market fluctuations.
18. Chasing Yield	High-yielding investments often carry the highest risk. Carefully assess your risk profile before investing in these types of assets.
19. Neglecting to Start	Consider two people investing $200 monthly assuming a 7% annual rate of return until the age of 65. If one person started at age 25, their end portfolio would be $520K, if the other started at 35 it would total about $245K.
20. Not Controlling What You Can	While no one can predict the market, investors can control small contributions over time, which can have powerful outcomes.

For instance, not properly diversifying can expose you to higher risk. Holding one concentrated position can drastically impact the value of your portfolio when prices fluctuate.

In fact, one study shows that the optimal diversification for a large-cap portfolio is holding 15 stocks. In this way, it helps capture the highest possible return relative to risk. When it came to a small-cap portfolio, the number of stocks rose to 26 for optimal risk reduction.

It’s worth noting that one size does not fit all, and seeking financial advice can help you find the right balance based on your financial goals.

Another common mistake is trading too much. Since each trade can rake up fees, this can impact your overall portfolio performance. A separate study showed that the most active traders saw the worst returns, underperforming the U.S. stock market by 6.5% on average annually.

Finally, it’s important to carefully monitor your investments regularly as market conditions change, factoring in fees and inflation. This will let you know if your investments are on track, or if you need to adjust based on changing personal circumstances or other factors.

Controlling What You Can

To help avoid these common investing mistakes, investors can remember to stay rational and focus on their long-term goals. Building a solid portfolio often involves assessing the following factors:

Financial goals
Current income
Spending habits
Market environment
Expected returns

With these factors in mind, investors can avoid focusing on short-term market swings, and control what they can. Making small investments over the long run can have powerful effects, with the potential to accumulate significant wealth simply by investing consistently over time.