Finance
Visualizing the World’s Biggest Pharmaceutical Companies
Who are the World’s Biggest Pharmaceutical Companies?
Some of the world’s biggest pharmaceutical companies have played a central role in the COVID-19 pandemic.
However, it’s likely no surprise that the pandemic has also been great for many healthcare businesses. In fact, in 2020 alone, the world’s 50 largest pharmaceutical companies still combined for a whopping $851 billion in revenues.
In this graphic, using data from Companies Market Cap, we list the largest pharmaceutical companies in the world by market capitalization. It’s worth noting this list also includes healthcare companies that work closely with pharmaceuticals, including biotech, pharmaceutical retailers, clinical laboratories, etc.
Editor’s Note: A previous version of this graphic was missing some key companies such as GSK and AbbVie. They were unfortunately not included in the original source and we are now working to make sure there were no other smaller omissions. Thanks to all that sent in corrections.
The Pharmaceutical Leaders
To start, here are the top five biggest pharmaceutical companies in the world at the moment by market capitalization:
1. Johnson & Johnson
The pharmaceutical and consumer goods giant is worth $428.7 billion in market cap. They developed the third vaccine authorized for use in the U.S. and were named among the TIME100 Most Influential Companies List in 2021.
2. Roche
The Swiss pharmaceutical giant is at the forefront of oncology, immunology, infectious diseases, ophthalmology, and neuroscience. In 2019, Roche’s pharma segment sales rose by a healthy 16% to $53 billion.
3. Pfizer
Despite being the leading COVID-19 vaccine manufacturer in North America, Pfizer slid in the rankings to third place. The company has recently gained momentum, especially in the past quarter, with Q2’2021 revenues of $19.0 billion, reflecting a 86% operational growth from 2020.
4. Eli Lilly
Eli Lilly has taken a significant step towards establishing itself as a pharmaceutical industry leader. Having a market cap value of $125 billion in 2019, Eli Lilly has jumped to a current value of $214.9 billion, a significant growth of 72%.
5. Novartis
The second-biggest pharmaceutical company out of Switzerland, Novartis has been the face of the pharma industry for about 25 years. The primary manufacturer for the most recognizable drugs on the market pulled in a revenue of over $48 billion in 2020, a 3% increase compared to 2019.
Here’s how all the biggest pharmaceutical companies in the world stack up against each other:
| Company Rank | Company Name | Market Cap Value | Country |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Johnson & Johnson JNJ | $428.66 B | 🇺🇸 USA |
| 2 | Roche RHHBY | $320.41 B | 🇨🇭 Switzerland |
| 3 | Pfizer PFE | $219.39 B | 🇺🇸 USA |
| 4 | Eli Lilly LLY | $208.99 B | 🇺🇸 USA |
| 5 | Novartis NVS | $207.70 B | 🇨🇭 Switzerland |
| 6 | AbbVie ABBV | $202.60 B | 🇺🇸 USA |
| 7 | Merck MRK | $191.67 B | 🇺🇸 USA |
| 8 | Novo Nordisk NVO | $187.83 B | 🇩🇰 Denmark |
| 9 | Astrazeneca AZN | $152.28 B | 🇬🇧 UK |
| 10 | Bristol-Myers Squibb BMY | $145.80 B | 🇺🇸 USA |
| 11 | Amgen AMGN | $136.50 B | 🇺🇸 USA |
| 12 | Sanofi SNY | $130.37 B | 🇫🇷 France |
| 13 | CVS Health CVS | $110.49 B | 🇺🇸 USA |
| 14 | GlaxoSmithKline GSK | $104.30 B | 🇬🇧 UK |
| 15 | CSL CSL.AX | $103.10 B | 🇦🇺 Australia |
| 16 | Gilead Sciences GILD | $83.62 B | 🇺🇸 USA |
| 17 | Moderna MRNA | $83.25 B | 🇺🇸 USA |
| 18 | Merck KGaA MRK.DE | $80.61 B | 🇩🇪 Germany |
| 19 | Bayer BAYZF | $59.43 B | 🇩🇪 Germany |
| 20 | Jiangsu Hengrui Medicine 600276.SS | $58.51 B | 🇨🇳 China |
| 21 | Regeneron Pharmaceuticals REGN | $55.83 B | 🇺🇸 USA |
| 22 | Biogen BIIB | $55.00 B | 🇺🇸 USA |
| 23 | BioNTech BNTX | $54.23 B | 🇩🇪 Germany |
| 24 | Takeda Pharmaceutical TAK | $52.67 B | 🇯🇵 Japan |
| 25 | Lonza LONN.SW | $52.16 B | 🇨🇭 Switzerland |
| 26 | Walgreens Boots Alliance WBA | $45.05 B | 🇺🇸 USA |
| 27 | Celltrion 068270.KS | $33.80 B | 🇰🇷 S. Korea |
| 28 | Astellas Pharma ALPMF | $33.42 B | 🇯🇵 Japan |
| 29 | BeiGene BGNE | $31.65 B | 🇨🇳 China |
| 30 | Eisai 4523.T | $31.20 B | 🇯🇵 Japan |
| 31 | West Pharma WST | $26.59 B | 🇺🇸 USA |
| 32 | Hansoh Pharma 3692.HK | $26.00 B | 🇨🇳 China |
| 33 | LabCorp LH | $25.97 B | 🇺🇸 USA |
| 34 | Otsuka Holdings 4578.T | $23.15 B | 🇯🇵 Japan |
| 35 | Horizon Therapeutics HZNP | $21.13 B | 🇮🇪 Ireland |
| 36 | Alnylam Pharmaceuticals ALNY | $20.42 B | 🇺🇸 USA |
| 37 | kyowa Kirin 4151.T | $18.85 B | 🇯🇵 Japan |
| 38 | Catalent CTLT | $18.74 B | 🇺🇸 USA |
| 39 | Sino Biopharmaceutical 1177.HK | $18.48 B | 🇭🇰 Hong Kong |
| 40 | Bio-Techne TECH | $17.25 B | 🇺🇸 USA |
| 41 | PPD PPD | $16.26 B | 🇺🇸 USA |
| 42 | Argenx ARGX | $16.03 B | 🇳🇱 Netherlands |
| 43 | Shionogi 4507.T | $15.29 B | 🇯🇵 Japan |
| 44 | Dr. Reddy's RDY | $11.88 B | 🇮🇳 India |
| 45 | Teva Pharmaceutical Industries TEVA | $11.21 B | 🇮🇱 Israel |
| 46 | Ono Pharmaceutical 4528.T | $11.12 B | 🇯🇵 Japan |
| 47 | ICON plc ICLR | $11.09 B | 🇮🇪 Ireland |
| 48 | Bausch Health BHC | $10.47 B | 🇨🇦 Canada |
| 49 | CRISPR Therapeutics CRSP | $10.42 B | 🇨🇭 Switzerland |
| 50 | Curevac CVAC | $10.33 B | 🇩🇪 Germany |
| 51 | Hualan Biological Engineering 002007.SZ | $10.31 B | 🇨🇳 China |
| 52 | Vifor Pharma VIFN.SW | $9.49 B | 🇨🇭 Switzerland |
| 53 | Neurocrine Biosciences NBIX | $9.45 B | 🇺🇸 USA |
| 54 | Sinopharm 1099.HK | $9.42 B | 🇨🇳 China |
| 55 | BridgeBio Pharma BBIO | $8.89 B | 🇺🇸 USA |
| 56 | Cadila Healthcare CADILAHC.NS | $8.59 B | 🇮🇳 India |
| 57 | Sumitomo Dainippon Pharma 4506.T | $8.16 B | 🇯🇵 Japan |
| 58 | Tilray TLRY | $7.89 B | 🇨🇦 Canada |
| 59 | Ascendis Pharma ASND | $7.51 B | 🇩🇰 Denmark |
| 60 | Evotec EVT.F | $7.19 B | 🇩🇪 Germany |
| 61 | Lupin Limited LUPIN.NS | $7.04 B | 🇮🇳 India |
| 62 | Gland Pharma GLAND.NS | $7.01 B | 🇮🇳 India |
| 63 | Exelixis EXEL | $6.95 B | 🇺🇸 USA |
| 64 | GW Pharmaceuticals GWPH | $6.81 B | 🇬🇧 UK |
| 65 | KOBAYASHI Pharmaceutical 4967.T | $6.78 B | 🇯🇵 Japan |
| 66 | Torrent Pharmaceuticals TORNTPHARM.NS | $6.61 B | 🇮🇳 India |
| 67 | Biocon BIOCON.NS | $6.43 B | 🇮🇳 India |
| 68 | PeptiDream 4587.T | $6.32 B | 🇯🇵 Japan |
| 69 | Sarepta Therapeutics SRPT | $6.25 B | 🇺🇸 USA |
| 70 | Perrigo PRGO | $6.21 B | 🇮🇪 Ireland |
| 71 | Orion Corporation ORNAV.HE | $6.11 B | 🇫🇮 Finland |
| 72 | Lundbeck LDB.F | $6.04 B | 🇩🇰 Denmark |
| 73 | AbCellera ABCL | $5.87 B | 🇨🇦 Canada |
| 74 | Adaptive Biotechnologies ADPT | $5.69 B | 🇺🇸 USA |
| 75 | Intellia Therapeutics NTLA | $5.62 B | 🇺🇸 USA |
| 76 | Santen Pharmaceutical 4536.T | $5.49 B | 🇯🇵 Japan |
| 77 | Nippon Shinyaku 4516.T | $5.46 B | 🇯🇵 Japan |
| 78 | Beam Therapeutics BEAM | $5.43 B | 🇺🇸 USA |
| 79 | Reata Pharmaceuticals RETA | $5.15 B | 🇺🇸 USA |
| 80 | Swedish Orphan Biovitrum SOBI.ST | $5.13 B | 🇸🇪 Sweden |
| 81 | BB Biotech BION.SW | $5.08 B | 🇨🇭 Switzerland |
| 82 | Alkem Laboratories ALKEM.NS | $5.00 B | 🇮🇳 India |
| 83 | Abbott India ABBOTINDIA.NS | $4.69 B | 🇮🇳 India |
| 84 | Laurus Labs LAURUSLABS.NS | $4.44 B | 🇮🇳 India |
| 85 | Taisho Pharmaceutical 4581.T | $4.39 B | 🇯🇵 Japan |
| 86 | Hanmi Pharmaceutical 008930.KS | $4.22 B | 🇰🇷 S. Korea |
| 87 | Alkermes ALKS | $3.87 B | 🇮🇪 Ireland |
| 88 | Karuna Therapeutics KRTX | $3.71 B | 🇺🇸 USA |
| 89 | Shinpoong Pharm 019170.KS | $3.65 B | 🇰🇷 S. Korea |
| 90 | NantKwest NK | $3.55 B | 🇺🇸 USA |
| 91 | Ipca Laboratories IPCALAB.NS | $3.41 B | 🇮🇳 India |
| 92 | Nektar Therapeutics NKTR | $3.02 B | 🇺🇸 USA |
| 93 | BioCryst Pharmaceuticals BCRX | $3.01 B | 🇺🇸 USA |
| 94 | Vericel VCEL | $2.96 B | 🇺🇸 USA |
| 95 | Dicerna Pharmaceuticals DRNA | $2.84 B | 🇺🇸 USA |
| 96 | Rocket Pharmaceuticals RCKT | $2.74 B | 🇺🇸 USA |
| 97 | Axsome Therapeutics AXSM | $2.65 B | 🇺🇸 USA |
| 98 | Natco Pharma NATCOPHARM.NS | $2.63 B | 🇮🇳 India |
| 99 | Alembic Pharmaceuticals APLLTD.NS | $2.59 B | 🇮🇳 India |
| 100 | Editas Medicine EDIT | $2.54 B | 🇺🇸 USA |
World’s Largest Pharmaceutical Exporters and Importers
According to the World Trade Organization (WTO), these countries exported the most number of pharmaceuticals in the year 2019:
| Rank | Country | Export Value (US$B) |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 🇩🇪 Germany | $91.4 |
| 2 | 🇨🇭 Switzerland | $84.8 |
| 3 | 🇺🇸 U.S. | $55.7 |
| 4 | 🇧🇪 Belgium | $55.7 |
| 5 | 🇮🇪 Ireland | $55.4 |
In contrast, here are the biggest importers over the same period.
| Rank | Country | Import Value (US$B) |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 🇺🇸 U.S. | $132.4 |
| 2 | 🇩🇪 Germany | $59.4 |
| 3 | 🇧🇪 Belgium | $47.3 |
| 4 | 🇨🇳 China | $35.7 |
| 5 | 🇳🇱 Netherlands | $33.5 |
This position is hardly surprising for the U.S., where six of the world’s top 10 pharmaceutical companies are headquartered. The country also captures 45% of the global market.
The Future of Pharmaceutical Companies
If the response to the COVID-19 pandemic has taught us anything, it is that in building a patient-centered future, the pharmaceutical industry plays a key role. It has to constantly find new ways to customize medicines while researching and developing new tools and drugs.
By embracing disruptive technologies like 3D printed drugs, artificial intelligence guided therapies, and preventive medicine while working with regulatory agencies, the pharmaceutical companies will benefit from having a digital revolution.
Furthermore, emerging markets will have a more significant say in the global pharmaceutical market in the coming years. Even though ‘big pharma’ will keep raking in the massive profits they do every year, their reliance on countries like Brazil and India for research and drug production will significantly impact the years to come.
Finance
De-Dollarization: Countries Seeking Alternatives to the U.S. Dollar
The U.S. dollar is the dominant currency in the global financial system, but some countries are following the trend of de-dollarization.
De-Dollarization: Countries Seeking Alternatives to U.S. Dollar
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The U.S. dollar has dominated global trade and capital flows over many decades.
However, many nations are looking for alternatives to the greenback to reduce their dependence on the United States.
This graphic catalogs the rise of the U.S. dollar as the dominant international reserve currency, and the recent efforts by various nations to de-dollarize and reduce their dependence on the U.S. financial system.
The Dollar Dominance
The United States became, almost overnight, the leading financial power after World War I. The country entered the war only in 1917 and emerged far stronger than its European counterparts.
As a result, the dollar began to displace the pound sterling as the international reserve currency and the U.S. also became a significant recipient of wartime gold inflows.
The dollar then gained a greater role in 1944, when 44 countries signed the Bretton Woods Agreement, creating a collective international currency exchange regime pegged to the U.S. dollar which was, in turn, pegged to the price of gold.
By the late 1960s, European and Japanese exports became more competitive with U.S. exports. There was a large supply of dollars around the world, making it difficult to back dollars with gold. President Nixon ceased the direct convertibility of U.S. dollars to gold in 1971. This ended both the gold standard and the limit on the amount of currency that could be printed.
Although it has remained the international reserve currency, the U.S. dollar has increasingly lost its purchasing power since then.
Russia and China’s Steps Towards De-Dollarization
Concerned about America’s dominance over the global financial system and the country’s ability to ‘weaponize’ it, other nations have been testing alternatives to reduce the dollar’s hegemony.
As the United States and other Western nations imposed economic sanctions against Russia in response to its invasion of Ukraine, Moscow and the Chinese government have been teaming up to reduce reliance on the dollar and to establish cooperation between their financial systems.
Since the invasion in 2022, the ruble-yuan trade has increased eighty-fold. Russia and Iran are also working together to launch a cryptocurrency backed by gold, according to Russian news agency Vedmosti.
In addition, central banks (especially Russia’s and China’s) have bought gold at the fastest pace since 1967 as countries move to diversify their reserves away from the dollar.
How Other Countries are Reducing Dollar Dependence
De-dollarization it’s a theme in other parts of the world:
- In recent months, Brazil and Argentina have discussed the creation of a common currency for the two largest economies in South America.
- In a conference in Singapore in January, multiple former Southeast Asian officials spoke about de-dollarization efforts underway.
- The UAE and India are in talks to use rupees to trade non-oil commodities in a shift away from the dollar, according to Reuters.
- For the first time in 48 years, Saudi Arabia said that the oil-rich nation is open to trading in currencies besides the U.S. dollar.
Despite these movements, few expect to see the end of the dollar’s global sovereign status anytime soon. Currently, central banks still hold about 60% of their foreign exchange reserves in dollars.
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