COVID-19
The Pandemic Economy: What are Shoppers Buying Online During COVID-19?
The Fastest Growing and Declining E-Commerce Categories
The COVID-19 pandemic is having a significant impact on every aspect of life, including how people shop for their necessities, and their not-so-necessities.
With online retail sales estimated to reach an eye-watering $6.5 trillion by 2023, the ecommerce sector was already booming. But since the outbreak, online shopping has been catapulted into complete overdrive. Even the largest retailers on the planet are struggling to keep up with the unprecedented consumer demand—but what exactly are people buying?
To answer this question, retail intelligence firm Stackline analyzed ecommerce sales across the U.S. and compiled a list of the fastest growing and declining ecommerce categories (March 2020 vs. March 2019) with surprising results.
The Frenzy of Buyer Behavior
As people come to terms with their new living situations, their buying behavior has adapted to suit their needs. While panic buying may have slowed in some countries, consumers continue to stock up on supplies, or “pandemic pantry products”.
Many consumers are also using their newfound time to focus on their health, with 85% of consumers taking up some kind of exercise while in social isolation, and 40% of them saying they intend to keep it up when restrictions are lifted.
These changing behaviors have resulted in a number of product categories experiencing a surge in demand — and although a lot of them are practical, others are wonderfully weird.
The Fastest Growing Categories
While the below list features several shelf-stable items, it seems as though consumers are taking matters into their own hands, with bread making machines sitting in second place and retailers selling out of their top models.
It’s clear from the list that consumers are considering positive changes to their lifestyle while in isolation, as fitness, smoking cessation, and respiratory categories are all experiencing growth.
Explore the 100 fastest growing product categories below:
Rank | Category | % Change in March (2020 vs. 2019) |
---|---|---|
#1 | Disposable Gloves | 670% |
#2 | Bread Machines | 652% |
#3 | Cough & Cold | 535% |
#4 | Soups | 397% |
#5 | Dried Grains & Rice | 386% |
#6 | Packaged Foods | 377% |
#7 | Fruit Cups | 326% |
#8 | Weight Training | 307% |
#9 | Milk & Cream | 279% |
#10 | Dishwashing Supplies | 275% |
#11 | Paper Towels | 264% |
#12 | Hand Soap & Sanitizer | 262% |
#13 | Pasta | 249% |
#14 | Vegetables | 238% |
#15 | Flour | 238% |
#16 | Facial Tissues | 235% |
#17 | Allergy Medicine | 232% |
#18 | Women’s Health | 215% |
#19 | Cereals | 214% |
#20 | Power Generators | 210% |
#21 | Laundry Supplies | 200% |
#22 | Household Cleaners | 195% |
#23 | Soap & Body Wash | 194% |
#24 | Toilet Paper | 190% |
#25 | Jerky & Dried Meats | 187% |
#26 | Chips & Pretzels | 186% |
#27 | Crackers | 184% |
#28 | Health Monitors | 182% |
#29 | Popcorn | 179% |
#30 | Computer Monitors | 172% |
#31 | Fitness Equipment | 170% |
#32 | Single Vitamins | 166% |
#33 | Nut & Seed Butters | 163% |
#34 | Cat Food | 162% |
#35 | Fruit Snacks | 162% |
#36 | Baby Care Products | 162% |
#37 | Refrigerators | 160% |
#38 | Baking Mixes | 160% |
#39 | Toilet Accessories | 160% |
#40 | Dog Food | 159% |
#41 | Diapers | 154% |
#42 | Yoga Equipment | 154% |
#43 | Bottled Beverages | 153% |
#44 | Baby Meals | 153% |
#45 | Cookies | 147% |
#46 | Digestion & Nausea | 144% |
#47 | Snack Foods | 141% |
#48 | Herbal Supplements | 136% |
#49 | Cooking Oils | 135% |
#50 | Water | 130% |
#51 | Incontinence & Tummy | 129% |
#52 | Mutivitamin | 126% |
#53 | Cat Litter | 125% |
#54 | Training Pads and Trays | 125% |
#55 | Juices | 125% |
#56 | Smoking Cessation | 122% |
#57 | Dried Fruit & Raisins | 120% |
#58 | Salt & Pepper Seasoning | 118% |
#59 | Craft Kits & Projects | 117% |
#60 | Batteries | 116% |
#61 | Trash Bags | 116% |
#62 | Nuts & Seeds | 116% |
#63 | Hair Coloring | 115% |
#64 | Sauce & Gravy | 115% |
#65 | Deli Foods | 114% |
#66 | Syrups | 114% |
#67 | Breads & Bakery | 114% |
#68 | Minerals | 113% |
#69 | Condiments | 111% |
#70 | First Aid | 108% |
#71 | Nail Care | 108% |
#72 | Humidifiers | 105% |
#73 | Art Paint | 104% |
#74 | Office Chairs | 104% |
#75 | Deodorant | 103% |
#76 | Jams, Jellies & Spreads | 102% |
#77 | Coffee | 101% |
#78 | Spices & Seasoning | 100% |
#79 | Skin Care | 99% |
#80 | Pain Relievers | 99% |
#81 | Cooking Vinegars | 98% |
#82 | Air Purifiers | 97% |
#83 | Granola & Nutrition Bars | 97% |
#84 | Pudding & Gelatin | 97% |
#85 | Toy Clay & Dough | 95% |
#86 | Single Spices | 95% |
#87 | Bird Food & Treats | 91% |
#88 | Lab & Science Products | 90% |
#89 | Eczema & Psoriasis | 90% |
#90 | Ping Pong | 89% |
#91 | Chocolate | 86% |
#92 | Baking Ingredients | 84% |
#93 | Energy Supplements | 84% |
#94 | Respiratory | 82% |
#95 | Office Desks | 82% |
#96 | Potty Training Supplies | 82% |
#97 | Herbs, Spices & Seasonings | 82% |
#98 | Keyboard & Mice | 80% |
#99 | Body Lotion | 79% |
#100 | Safes | 69% |
Interestingly, toilet paper has seen more growth than baby care products, and cured meats have seen more growth than water. But while some categories are experiencing a drastic increase in demand, others are slumping in the pandemic economy.
The Fastest Declining Categories
An unprecedented wave of event and vacation cancellations is having a huge impact on the products people consume. For instance, luggage and suitcases, cameras, and men’s swimwear have all seen a dip in sales.
See the full list of 100 fastest declining categories below:
Rank | Category | % Change in March (2020 vs. 2019) |
---|---|---|
#1 | Luggage & Suitcases | -77% |
#2 | Briefcases | -77% |
#3 | Cameras | -64% |
#4 | Men’s Swimwear | -64% |
#5 | Bridal Clothing | -63% |
#6 | Men's Formal Wear | -62% |
#7 | Women’s Swimwear | -59% |
#8 | Rash Guards | -59% |
#9 | Boy’s Athletic Shoes | -59% |
#10 | Gym Bags | -57% |
#11 | Backpacks | -56% |
#12 | Snorkelling Equipment | -56% |
#13 | Girl’s Swimwear | -55% |
#14 | Baseball Equipment | -55% |
#15 | Event & Party Supplies | -55% |
#16 | Motorcycle Protective Gear | -55% |
#17 | Camera Bags & Cases | -54% |
#18 | Women’s Suits & Dresses | -53% |
#19 | Women’s Boots | -51% |
#20 | Cargo Racks | -51% |
#21 | Women’s Sandals | -50% |
#22 | Drones | -50% |
#23 | Boy's Active Clothing | -50% |
#24 | Lunch Boxes | -50% |
#25 | Store Fixtures & Displays | -50% |
#26 | Automotive Mats | -50% |
#27 | Men’s Outerwear | -49% |
#28 | Watches & Accessories | -49% |
#29 | Cargo Bed Covers | -48% |
#30 | Track & Field Equipment | -48% |
#31 | Ceiling Lighting | -47% |
#32 | Camera Lenses | -47% |
#33 | Girl’s Coats and Jackets | -47% |
#34 | Women’s Hats & Caps | -47% |
#35 | Women's Outerwear | -47% |
#36 | Video Cameras | -46% |
#37 | Wheels & Tires | -46% |
#38 | Motorcycle Parts | -45% |
#39 | Women’s Wallets | -45% |
#40 | Shocks & Struts | -44% |
#41 | Transmission & Parts | -44% |
#42 | Girl’s Athletic Shoes | -44% |
#43 | Women’s Shoes | -44% |
#44 | Telescopes | -44% |
#45 | Sunglasses & Eyeglasses | -43% |
#46 | Men’s Tops | -41% |
#47 | Video Projectors | -40% |
#48 | Men’s Athletic Shoes | -40% |
#49 | Marine Electronics | -40% |
#50 | Hand Tools | -40% |
#51 | Wine Racks | -40% |
#52 | Men's Shoes | -40% |
#53 | Clocks | -39% |
#54 | Baby Girl’s Shoes | -39% |
#55 | Bracelets | -39% |
#56 | Men’s Boots | -39% |
#57 | Tapestries | -39% |
#58 | Camping Equipment | -39% |
#59 | Men’s Bottoms | -38% |
#60 | Cell Phones | -38% |
#61 | Tool Storage & Organizers | -38% |
#62 | Necklaces | -38% |
#63 | Swimming Equipment | -37% |
#64 | Men’s Hats & Caps | -37% |
#65 | Girl’s Shoes | -37% |
#66 | Industrial Tools | -36% |
#67 | Juicers | -36% |
#68 | Desktops | -35% |
#69 | Classroom Furniture | -35% |
#70 | Bar & Wine Tools | -35% |
#71 | Glassware & Drinkware | -35% |
#72 | Musical Instruments | -34% |
#73 | Power Winches | -34% |
#74 | Home Bar Furniture | -34% |
#75 | Office Storage Supplies | -34% |
#76 | Girl's Active Clothing | -34% |
#77 | Women’s Tops | -34% |
#78 | Braces, Splints & Supports | -34% |
#79 | Car Anti-theft | -34% |
#80 | Rings | -34% |
#81 | Blankets & Quilts | -33% |
#82 | Women's Athletic Shoes | -33% |
#83 | Kitchen Sinks | -33% |
#84 | Golf Clubs | -33% |
#85 | Equestrian Equipment | -33% |
#86 | GPS & Navigation | -32% |
#87 | Recording Supplies | -32% |
#88 | Home Audio | -32% |
#89 | Boy's Accessories | -32% |
#90 | Earrings | -32% |
#91 | Dining Sets | -31% |
#92 | Calculators | -31% |
#93 | Boy's Shoes | -31% |
#94 | Volleyball Equipment | -31% |
#95 | Strollers | -31% |
#96 | Coolers | -30% |
#97 | Sanders & Grinders | -30% |
#98 | Men's Activewear | -29% |
#99 | Living Room Furniture | -29% |
#100 | Climbing & Hiking Bags | -28% |
Regardless of which list a product falls under, it is clear that the pandemic has impacted retailers of every kind in both positive and negative ways.
The New Normal?
Officially the world’s largest retailer, Amazon has announced it can no longer keep up with consumer demand. As a result, it will be delaying the delivery of non-essential items, or in some cases not taking orders for non-essentials at all.
This presents a double-edged sword, as the new dynamic that is bringing some retailers unprecedented demand could also bring about an untimely end for others.
Meanwhile, the question remains: will this drastic change in consumer behavior stabilize once we flatten the curve, or is this our new normal?
Healthcare
Visualizing How COVID-19 Antiviral Pills and Vaccines Work at the Cellular Level
Despite tackling the same disease, vaccines and antiviral pills work differently to combat COVID-19. We visualize how they work in the body.

Current Strategies to Tackle COVID-19
Since the pandemic started in 2020, a number of therapies have been developed to combat COVID-19.
The leading options for preventing infection include social distancing, mask-wearing, and vaccination. They are still recommended during the upsurge of the coronavirus’s latest mutation, the Omicron variant.
But in December 2021, The United States Food and Drug Administration (USDA) granted Emergency Use Authorization to two experimental pills for the treatment of new COVID-19 cases.
These medications, one made by Pfizer and the other by Merck & Co., hope to contribute to the fight against the coronavirus and its variants. Alongside vaccinations, they may help to curb extreme cases of COVID-19 by reducing the need for hospitalization.
Despite tackling the same disease, vaccines and pills work differently:
Vaccines | Pills |
---|---|
Taken by injection | Taken by mouth |
Used for prevention | Used for treatment only |
Create an enhanced immune system by stimulating antibody production | Disrupt the assembly of new viral particles |
How a Vaccine Helps Prevent COVID-19
The main purpose of a vaccine is to prewarn the body of a potential COVID-19 infection by creating antibodies that target and destroy the coronavirus.
In order to do this, the immune system needs an antigen.
It’s difficult to do this risk-free since all antigens exist directly on a virus. Luckily, vaccines safely expose antigens to our immune systems without the dangerous parts of the virus.
In the case of COVID-19, the coronavirus’s antigen is the spike protein that covers its outer surface. Vaccines inject antigen-building instructions* and use our own cellular machinery to build the coronavirus antigen from scratch.
When exposed to the spike protein, the immune system begins to assemble antigen-specific antibodies. These antibodies wait for the opportunity to attack the real spike protein when a coronavirus enters the body. Since antibodies decrease over time, booster immunizations help to maintain a strong line of defense.
*While different vaccine technologies exist, they all do a similar thing: introduce an antigen and build a stronger immune system.
How COVID Antiviral Pills Work
Antiviral pills, unlike vaccines, are not a preventative strategy. Instead, they treat an infected individual experiencing symptoms from the virus.
Two drugs are now entering the market. Merck & Co.’s Lagevrio®, composed of one molecule, and Pfizer’s Paxlovid®, composed of two.
These medications disrupt specific processes in the viral assembly line to choke the virus’s ability to replicate.
The Mechanism of Molnupiravir
RNA-dependent RNA Polymerase (RdRp) is a cellular component that works similar to a photocopying machine for the virus’s genetic instructions. An infected host cell is forced to produce RdRp, which starts generating more copies of the virus’s RNA.
Molnupiravir, developed by Merck & Co., is a polymerase inhibitor. It inserts itself into the viral instructions that RdRp is copying, jumbling the contents. The RdRp then produces junk.
The Mechanism of Nirmatrelvir + Ritonavir
A replicating virus makes proteins necessary for its survival in a large, clumped mass called a polyprotein. A cellular component called a protease cuts a virus’s polyprotein into smaller, workable pieces.
Pfizer’s antiviral medication is a protease inhibitor made of two pills:
- The first pill, nirmatrelvir, stops protease from cutting viral products into smaller pieces.
- The second pill, ritonavir, protects nirmatrelvir from destruction by the body and allows it to keep working.
With a faulty polymerase or a large, unusable polyprotein, antiviral medications make it difficult for the coronavirus to replicate. If treated early enough, they can lessen the virus’s impact on the body.
The Future of COVID Antiviral Pills and Medications
Antiviral medications seem to have a bright future ahead of them.
COVID-19 antivirals are based on early research done on coronaviruses from the 2002-04 SARS-CoV and the 2012 MERS-CoV outbreaks. Current breakthroughs in this technology may pave the way for better pharmaceuticals in the future.
One half of Pfizer’s medication, ritonavir, currently treats many other viruses including HIV/AIDS.
Gilead Science is currently developing oral derivatives of remdesivir, another polymerase inhibitor currently only offered to inpatients in the United States.
More coronavirus antivirals are currently in the pipeline, offering a glimpse of control on the looming presence of COVID-19.
Author’s Note: The medical information in this article is an information resource only, and is not to be used or relied on for any diagnostic or treatment purposes. Please talk to your doctor before undergoing any treatment for COVID-19. If you become sick and believe you may have symptoms of COVID-19, please follow the CDC guidelines.
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