Money
Charting the Relationship Between Wealth and Happiness, by Country
The Relationship Between Wealth and Happiness, by Country
Throughout history, the pursuit of happiness has been a preoccupation of humankind.
Of course, we humans are not just content with measuring our own happiness, but also our happiness in relation to the people around us—and even other people around the world. The annual World Happiness Report, which uses global survey data to report how people evaluate their own lives in more than 150 countries, helps us do just that.
The factors that contribute to happiness are as subjective and specific as the billions of humans they influence, but there are a few that have continued to resonate over time. Family. Love. Purpose. Wealth. The first three examples are tough to measure, but the latter can be analyzed in a data-driven way.
Does money really buy happiness? Let’s find out.
Wealth and Happiness
To crunch the numbers, we looked at data from Credit Suisse, which breaks down the average wealth per adult in various countries around the world.
The table below looks at 146 countries by their happiness score and wealth per adult:
Country | Median Wealth per Adult (US$) | Happiness Score |
---|---|---|
🇫🇮 Finland | 73,775 | 7.8 |
🇩🇰 Denmark | 165,622 | 7.6 |
🇮🇸 Iceland | 231,462 | 7.6 |
🇨🇭 Switzerland | 146,733 | 7.5 |
🇮🇱 Israel | 80,315 | 7.4 |
🇸🇪 Sweden | 89,846 | 7.4 |
🇳🇴 Norway | 117,798 | 7.4 |
🇳🇱 Netherlands | 136,105 | 7.4 |
🇱🇺 Luxembourg | 259,899 | 7.4 |
🇦🇹 Austria | 91,833 | 7.2 |
🇳🇿 New Zealand | 171,624 | 7.2 |
🇦🇺 Australia | 238,072 | 7.2 |
🇩🇪 Germany | 65,374 | 7.0 |
🇺🇸 United States | 79,274 | 7.0 |
🇮🇪 Ireland | 99,028 | 7.0 |
🇨🇦 Canada | 125,688 | 7.0 |
🇨🇿 Czech Republic | 23,794 | 6.9 |
🇬🇧 United Kingdom | 131,522 | 6.9 |
🇧🇪 Belgium | 230,548 | 6.8 |
🇫🇷 France | 133,559 | 6.7 |
🇧🇭 Bahrain | 14,520 | 6.6 |
🇨🇷 Costa Rica | 14,662 | 6.6 |
🇦🇪 United Arab Emirates | 21,613 | 6.6 |
🇸🇮 Slovenia | 67,961 | 6.6 |
🇸🇦 Saudi Arabia | 15,495 | 6.5 |
🇺🇾 Uruguay | 22,088 | 6.5 |
🇷🇴 Romania | 23,675 | 6.5 |
🇽🇰 Kosovo | 46,087 | 6.5 |
🇸🇬 Singapore | 86,717 | 6.5 |
🇹🇼 Taiwan | 93,044 | 6.5 |
🇪🇸 Spain | 105,831 | 6.5 |
🇮🇹 Italy | 118,885 | 6.5 |
🇱🇹 Lithuania | 29,679 | 6.4 |
🇸🇰 Slovakia | 45,853 | 6.4 |
🇶🇦 Qatar | 83,680 | 6.4 |
🇲🇹 Malta | 84,390 | 6.4 |
🇧🇷 Brazil | 3,469 | 6.3 |
🇵🇦 Panama | 13,147 | 6.3 |
🇬🇹 Guatemala | 30,586 | 6.3 |
🇪🇪 Estonia | 38,901 | 6.3 |
🇳🇮 Nicaragua | 3,694 | 6.2 |
🇰🇿 Kazakhstan | 12,029 | 6.2 |
🇷🇸 Serbia | 14,954 | 6.2 |
🇨🇱 Chile | 17,747 | 6.2 |
🇱🇻 Latvia | 33,884 | 6.2 |
🇨🇾 Cyprus | 35,300 | 6.2 |
🇺🇿 Uzbekistan | 7,821 | 6.1 |
🇸🇻 El Salvador | 11,372 | 6.1 |
🇲🇽 Mexico | 13,752 | 6.1 |
🇵🇱 Poland | 23,550 | 6.1 |
🇭🇺 Hungary | 24,126 | 6.1 |
🇲🇺 Mauritius | 27,456 | 6.1 |
🇰🇼 Kuwait | 28,698 | 6.1 |
🇭🇷 Croatia | 34,945 | 6.1 |
🇦🇷 Argentina | 2,157 | 6.0 |
🇭🇳 Honduras | 15,380 | 6.0 |
🇵🇹 Portugal | 61,306 | 6.0 |
🇯🇵 Japan | 122,980 | 6.0 |
🇵🇭 Philippines | 3,155 | 5.9 |
🇯🇲 Jamaica | 5,976 | 5.9 |
🇲🇩 Moldova | 7,577 | 5.9 |
🇹🇭 Thailand | 8,036 | 5.9 |
🇬🇷 Greece | 57,595 | 5.9 |
🇰🇷 South Korea | 89,671 | 5.9 |
🇰🇬 Kyrgyzstan | 2,238 | 5.8 |
🇲🇳 Mongolia | 2,546 | 5.8 |
🇨🇴 Colombia | 4,854 | 5.8 |
🇧🇾 Belarus | 12,168 | 5.8 |
🇧🇦 Bosnia and Herzegovina | 15,283 | 5.8 |
🇲🇾 Malaysia | 8,583 | 5.7 |
🇩🇴 Dominican Republic | 22,701 | 5.7 |
🇵🇾 Paraguay | 3,644 | 5.6 |
🇧🇴 Bolivia | 3,804 | 5.6 |
🇵🇪 Peru | 5,445 | 5.6 |
🇨🇳 China | 24,067 | 5.6 |
🇻🇳 Vietnam | 4,559 | 5.5 |
🇷🇺 Russia | 5,431 | 5.5 |
🇪🇨 Ecuador | 5,444 | 5.5 |
🇹🇲 Turkmenistan | 9,030 | 5.5 |
🇲🇪 Montenegro | 30,739 | 5.5 |
🇳🇵 Nepal | 1,437 | 5.4 |
🇹🇯 Tajikistan | 1,844 | 5.4 |
🇦🇲 Armenia | 9,411 | 5.4 |
🇧🇬 Bulgaria | 17,403 | 5.4 |
🇭🇰 Hong Kong SAR | 173,768 | 5.4 |
🇱🇾 Libya | 6,512 | 5.3 |
🇧🇩 Bangladesh | 3,062 | 5.2 |
🇿🇦 South Africa | 4,523 | 5.2 |
🇮🇩 Indonesia | 4,693 | 5.2 |
🇦🇿 Azerbaijan | 5,022 | 5.2 |
🇨🇮 Côte d'Ivoire | 6,621 | 5.2 |
🇦🇱 Albania | 15,363 | 5.2 |
🇲🇰 North Macedonia | 51,788 | 5.2 |
🇬🇲 The Gambia | 658 | 5.2 |
🇱🇷 Liberia | 1,464 | 5.1 |
🇱🇦 Laos | 1,610 | 5.1 |
🇩🇿 Algeria | 2,302 | 5.1 |
🇺🇦 Ukraine | 2,529 | 5.1 |
🇲🇦 Morocco | 3,874 | 5.1 |
🇨🇬 Congo | 582 | 5.1 |
🇸🇳 Senegal | 1,570 | 5.0 |
🇬🇪 Georgia | 4,223 | 5.0 |
🇬🇦 Gabon | 4,685 | 5.0 |
🇲🇿 Mozambique | 345 | 5.0 |
🇳🇪 Niger | 492 | 5.0 |
🇨🇲 Cameroon | 941 | 5.0 |
🇬🇭 Ghana | 2,198 | 4.9 |
🇮🇶 Iraq | 6,378 | 4.9 |
🇻🇪 Venezuela | 7,341 | 4.9 |
🇮🇷 Iran | 7,621 | 4.9 |
🇬🇳 Guinea | 938 | 4.9 |
🇹🇷 Turkey | 8,001 | 4.7 |
🇧🇫 Burkina Faso | 622 | 4.7 |
🇰🇲 Comoros | 1,466 | 4.6 |
🇳🇬 Nigeria | 1,474 | 4.6 |
🇰🇭 Cambodia | 2,031 | 4.6 |
🇺🇬 Uganda | 646 | 4.6 |
🇧🇯 Benin | 890 | 4.6 |
🇵🇰 Pakistan | 2,187 | 4.5 |
🇳🇦 Namibia | 3,677 | 4.5 |
🇰🇪 Kenya | 3,683 | 4.5 |
🇹🇳 Tunisia | 6,177 | 4.5 |
🇲🇱 Mali | 869 | 4.5 |
🇲🇲 Myanmar | 2,458 | 4.4 |
🇱🇰 Sri Lanka | 8,802 | 4.4 |
🇨🇩 DR Congo | 356 | 4.4 |
🇪🇬 Egypt | 6,329 | 4.3 |
🇹🇩 Chad | 355 | 4.3 |
🇲🇬 Madagascar | 666 | 4.3 |
🇲🇷 Mauritania | 1,037 | 4.2 |
🇾🇪 Yemen | 1,223 | 4.2 |
🇪🇹 Ethiopia | 1,527 | 4.2 |
🇯🇴 Jordan | 10,842 | 4.2 |
🇹🇬 Togo | 468 | 4.1 |
🇮🇳 India | 3,194 | 3.8 |
🇲🇼 Malawi | 606 | 3.8 |
🇿🇲 Zambia | 692 | 3.8 |
🇹🇿 Tanzania | 1,433 | 3.7 |
🇭🇹 Haiti | 193 | 3.6 |
🇸🇱 Sierra Leone | 370 | 3.6 |
🇧🇼 Botswana | 3,680 | 3.5 |
🇱🇸 Lesotho | 264 | 3.5 |
🇷🇼 Rwanda | 1,266 | 3.3 |
🇱🇧 Lebanon | 18,159 | 3.0 |
🇸🇸 South Sudan | 2,677 | 2.9 |
🇦🇫 Afghanistan | 734 | 2.4 |
While the results don’t definitively point to wealth contributing to happiness, there is a strong correlation across the board. Broadly speaking, the world’s poorest countries have the lowest happiness scores, and the richest report being the most happy.
Regional and Country-Level Observations
While many of the countries follow an obvious trend (more wealth = more happiness), there are nuances and outliers worth exploring.
- In Latin America, people self-report more happiness than the trend between wealth and happiness would predict.
- On the flip side, many nations in the Middle East report slightly less happiness than levels of wealth would predict.
- Political turmoil, an economic crisis, and the devastating explosion in Beirut have resulted in Lebanon scoring far worse than would be expected. Over the past decade, the country’s score has fallen by nearly two full points.
- Hong Kong has seen its happiness score sink for years now. Inequality, protests, instability, and now COVID-19 outbreaks have placed the region in an unusual zone on the chart: rich and unhappy.
Examining Inequality and Happiness
We’ve looked at the relationship between wealth and happiness between countries, but what about within countries?
The Gini Coefficient is a tool that allows us to do just that. This measure looks at income distribution across a population, and applies a score to that population. Simply put, a score of 0 would be “perfect equality”, and 1 would be “perfect inequality” (i.e. an individual or group of recipients is receiving the entire income distribution).
Combined with the same happiness scale as before, this is how countries shape up.
While there is no ironclad conclusion that can be derived from this dataset, there are big picture observations worth highlighting.
The 15 Countries With Highest Income Inequality
Countries with High inequality | Happiness Score | Gini Score |
---|---|---|
🇿🇦 South Africa | 5.2 | 0.63 |
🇳🇦 Namibia | 4.5 | 0.59 |
🇿🇲 Zambia | 3.8 | 0.57 |
🇨🇴 Colombia | 5.8 | 0.54 |
🇲🇿 Mozambique | 5.0 | 0.54 |
🇧🇼 Botswana | 3.5 | 0.53 |
🇿🇼 Zimbabwe | 3.0 | 0.50 |
🇵🇦 Panama | 6.3 | 0.50 |
🇨🇷 Costa Rica | 6.6 | 0.49 |
🇧🇷 Brazil | 6.3 | 0.49 |
🇬🇹 Guatemala | 6.3 | 0.48 |
🇭🇳 Honduras | 6.0 | 0.48 |
🇧🇫 Burkina Faso | 4.7 | 0.47 |
🇪🇨 Ecuador | 5.5 | 0.47 |
🇨🇲 Cameroon | 5.0 | 0.47 |
Average | 5.2 | 52 |
First, countries with lower income inequality tend to also report more happiness. The 15 countries in this dataset with the highest inequality (shown above) have an average happiness score 1.3 lower than the 15 countries with the lowest inequality (shown below).
The 15 Countries With Lowest Income Inequality
Countries with low inequality | Happy Score | Gini Score |
---|---|---|
🇸🇰 Slovakia | 6.4 | 23.2 |
🇧🇾 Belarus | 5.8 | 24.4 |
🇸🇮 Slovenia | 6.6 | 24.4 |
🇦🇲 Armenia | 5.4 | 25.2 |
🇨🇿 Czech Republic | 6.9 | 25.3 |
🇺🇦 Ukraine | 5.1 | 25.6 |
🇲🇩 Moldova | 5.9 | 26 |
🇦🇪 United Arab Emirates | 6.6 | 26 |
🇮🇸 Iceland | 7.6 | 26.1 |
🇧🇪 Belgium | 6.8 | 27.2 |
🇩🇰 Denmark | 7.6 | 27.7 |
🇫🇮 Finland | 7.8 | 27.7 |
🇳🇴 Norway | 7.4 | 27.7 |
🇰🇿 Kazakhstan | 6.2 | 27.8 |
🇭🇷 Croatia | 6.1 | 28.9 |
Average | 6.5 | 26 |
Next, interesting regional differences emerge.
Despite high income inequality, many Latin American countries report levels of happiness similar to many much-wealthier European nations.
The Bottom Line
People have been seeking understanding on happiness for millennia now, and it’s unlikely that slicing and dicing datasets will crack the code. Still though, much like the pursuit of happiness, the pursuit of understanding is human nature.
And, in more concrete terms, the more policymakers and the public understand the link between wealth and happiness, the more likely we can shape societies that give us a better chance at living a happy life.
Where does this data come from?
Source: Credit Suisse Global Wealth Databook 2021, World Happiness Report 2022, World Bank
Data notes: This visualization includes countries that had available data for both happiness and wealth per adult. Credit Suisse notes that due to incomplete data, the following countries are estimates of average wealth per adult: North Macedonia, Kosovo, Guatemala, Dominican Republic, Honduras, Uzbekistan, Côte d’Ivoire, and South Sudan. Happiness data for countries is from the 2022 report, with the exception of: Qatar, DRC, Haiti, and South Sudan, which pull from the 2019 report. For Gini Coefficient calculations, only countries with data from 2014 onward were included. As a result, major economies such as India and Japan are excluded from that visualization.
Chart note: The wealth axis was plotted logarithmically to better show the trend visually. This approach is often used when a small number of results skew the visualization, making it harder to glean insight from. In this case, there are large extremes between the richest and poorest countries around the world.
Central Banks
Charted: Public Trust in the Federal Reserve
Public trust in the Federal Reserve chair has hit its lowest point in 20 years. Get the details in this infographic.

The Briefing
- Gallup conducts an annual poll to gauge the U.S. public’s trust in the Federal Reserve
- After rising during the COVID-19 pandemic, public trust has fallen to a 20-year low
Charted: Public Trust in the Federal Reserve
Each year, Gallup conducts a survey of American adults on various economic topics, including the country’s central bank, the Federal Reserve.
More specifically, respondents are asked how much confidence they have in the current Fed chairman to do or recommend the right thing for the U.S. economy. We’ve visualized these results from 2001 to 2023 to see how confidence levels have changed over time.
Methodology and Results
The data used in this infographic is also listed in the table below. Percentages reflect the share of respondents that have either a “great deal” or “fair amount” of confidence.
Year | Fed chair | % Great deal or Fair amount |
---|---|---|
2023 | Jerome Powell | 36% |
2022 | Jerome Powell | 43% |
2021 | Jerome Powell | 55% |
2020 | Jerome Powell | 58% |
2019 | Jerome Powell | 50% |
2018 | Jerome Powell | 45% |
2017 | Janet Yellen | 45% |
2016 | Janet Yellen | 38% |
2015 | Janet Yellen | 42% |
2014 | Janet Yellen | 37% |
2013 | Ben Bernanke | 42% |
2012 | Ben Bernanke | 39% |
2011 | Ben Bernanke | 41% |
2010 | Ben Bernanke | 44% |
2009 | Ben Bernanke | 49% |
2008 | Ben Bernanke | 47% |
2007 | Ben Bernanke | 50% |
2006 | Ben Bernanke | 41% |
2005 | Alan Greenspan | 56% |
2004 | Alan Greenspan | 61% |
2003 | Alan Greenspan | 65% |
2002 | Alan Greenspan | 69% |
2001 | Alan Greenspan | 74% |
Data for 2023 collected April 3-25, with this statement put to respondents: “Please tell me how much confidence you have [in the Fed chair] to recommend the right thing for the economy.”
We can see that trust in the Federal Reserve has fluctuated significantly in recent years.
For example, under Alan Greenspan, trust was initially high due to the relative stability of the economy. The burst of the dotcom bubble—which some attribute to Greenspan’s easy credit policies—resulted in a sharp decline.
On the flip side, public confidence spiked during the COVID-19 pandemic. This was likely due to Jerome Powell’s decisive actions to provide support to the U.S. economy throughout the crisis.
Measures implemented by the Fed include bringing interest rates to near zero, quantitative easing (buying government bonds with newly-printed money), and emergency lending programs to businesses.
Confidence Now on the Decline
After peaking at 58%, those with a “great deal” or “fair amount” of trust in the Fed chair have tumbled to 36%, the lowest number in 20 years.
This is likely due to Powell’s hard stance on fighting post-pandemic inflation, which has involved raising interest rates at an incredible speed. While these rate hikes may be necessary, they also have many adverse effects:
- Negative impact on the stock market
- Increases the burden for those with variable-rate debts
- Makes mortgages and home buying less affordable
Higher rates have also prompted many U.S. tech companies to shrink their workforces, and have been a factor in the regional banking crisis, including the collapse of Silicon Valley Bank.
Where does this data come from?
Source: Gallup (2023)
Data Notes: Results are based on telephone interviews conducted April 3-25, 2023, with a random sample of –1,013—adults, ages 18+, living in all 50 U.S. states and the District of Columbia. For results based on this sample of national adults, the margin of sampling error is ±4 percentage points at the 95% confidence level. See source for details.
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