Connect with us

Money

Charting the Relationship Between Wealth and Happiness, by Country

Published

on

Data visualization showing the relationship between wealth and happiness around the world

Can I share this graphic?
Yes. Visualizations are free to share and post in their original form across the web—even for publishers. Please link back to this page and attribute Visual Capitalist.
When do I need a license?
Licenses are required for some commercial uses, translations, or layout modifications. You can even whitelabel our visualizations. Explore your options.
Interested in this piece?
Click here to license this visualization.

The Relationship Between Wealth and Happiness, by Country

Throughout history, the pursuit of happiness has been a preoccupation of humankind.

Of course, we humans are not just content with measuring our own happiness, but also our happiness in relation to the people around us—and even other people around the world. The annual World Happiness Report, which uses global survey data to report how people evaluate their own lives in more than 150 countries, helps us do just that.

The factors that contribute to happiness are as subjective and specific as the billions of humans they influence, but there are a few that have continued to resonate over time. Family. Love. Purpose. Wealth. The first three examples are tough to measure, but the latter can be analyzed in a data-driven way.

Does money really buy happiness? Let’s find out.

Wealth and Happiness

To crunch the numbers, we looked at data from Credit Suisse, which breaks down the average wealth per adult in various countries around the world.

The table below looks at 146 countries by their happiness score and wealth per adult:

CountryMedian Wealth per Adult (US$)Happiness Score
🇫🇮 Finland 73,7757.8
🇩🇰 Denmark 165,6227.6
🇮🇸 Iceland 231,4627.6
🇨🇭 Switzerland 146,7337.5
🇮🇱 Israel 80,3157.4
🇸🇪 Sweden 89,8467.4
🇳🇴 Norway 117,7987.4
🇳🇱 Netherlands 136,1057.4
🇱🇺 Luxembourg 259,8997.4
🇦🇹 Austria 91,8337.2
🇳🇿 New Zealand 171,6247.2
🇦🇺 Australia 238,0727.2
🇩🇪 Germany 65,3747.0
🇺🇸 United States 79,2747.0
🇮🇪 Ireland 99,0287.0
🇨🇦 Canada 125,6887.0
🇨🇿 Czech Republic 23,7946.9
🇬🇧 United Kingdom 131,5226.9
🇧🇪 Belgium 230,5486.8
🇫🇷 France 133,5596.7
🇧🇭 Bahrain 14,5206.6
🇨🇷 Costa Rica 14,6626.6
🇦🇪 United Arab Emirates 21,6136.6
🇸🇮 Slovenia 67,9616.6
🇸🇦 Saudi Arabia 15,4956.5
🇺🇾 Uruguay 22,0886.5
🇷🇴 Romania 23,6756.5
🇽🇰 Kosovo 46,0876.5
🇸🇬 Singapore 86,7176.5
🇹🇼 Taiwan 93,0446.5
🇪🇸 Spain 105,8316.5
🇮🇹 Italy 118,8856.5
🇱🇹 Lithuania 29,6796.4
🇸🇰 Slovakia 45,8536.4
🇶🇦 Qatar 83,6806.4
🇲🇹 Malta 84,3906.4
🇧🇷 Brazil 3,4696.3
🇵🇦 Panama 13,1476.3
🇬🇹 Guatemala 30,5866.3
🇪🇪 Estonia 38,9016.3
🇳🇮 Nicaragua 3,6946.2
🇰🇿 Kazakhstan 12,0296.2
🇷🇸 Serbia 14,9546.2
🇨🇱 Chile 17,7476.2
🇱🇻 Latvia 33,8846.2
🇨🇾 Cyprus 35,3006.2
🇺🇿 Uzbekistan 7,8216.1
🇸🇻 El Salvador 11,3726.1
🇲🇽 Mexico 13,7526.1
🇵🇱 Poland 23,5506.1
🇭🇺 Hungary 24,1266.1
🇲🇺 Mauritius 27,4566.1
🇰🇼 Kuwait 28,6986.1
🇭🇷 Croatia 34,9456.1
🇦🇷 Argentina 2,1576.0
🇭🇳 Honduras 15,3806.0
🇵🇹 Portugal 61,3066.0
🇯🇵 Japan 122,9806.0
🇵🇭 Philippines 3,1555.9
🇯🇲 Jamaica 5,9765.9
🇲🇩 Moldova 7,5775.9
🇹🇭 Thailand 8,0365.9
🇬🇷 Greece 57,5955.9
🇰🇷 South Korea 89,6715.9
🇰🇬 Kyrgyzstan 2,2385.8
🇲🇳 Mongolia 2,5465.8
🇨🇴 Colombia 4,8545.8
🇧🇾 Belarus 12,1685.8
🇧🇦 Bosnia and Herzegovina 15,2835.8
🇲🇾 Malaysia 8,5835.7
🇩🇴 Dominican Republic 22,7015.7
🇵🇾 Paraguay 3,6445.6
🇧🇴 Bolivia 3,8045.6
🇵🇪 Peru 5,4455.6
🇨🇳 China 24,0675.6
🇻🇳 Vietnam 4,5595.5
🇷🇺 Russia 5,4315.5
🇪🇨 Ecuador 5,4445.5
🇹🇲 Turkmenistan 9,0305.5
🇲🇪 Montenegro 30,7395.5
🇳🇵 Nepal 1,4375.4
🇹🇯 Tajikistan 1,8445.4
🇦🇲 Armenia 9,4115.4
🇧🇬 Bulgaria 17,4035.4
🇭🇰 Hong Kong  SAR173,7685.4
🇱🇾 Libya 6,5125.3
🇧🇩 Bangladesh 3,0625.2
🇿🇦 South Africa 4,5235.2
🇮🇩 Indonesia 4,6935.2
🇦🇿 Azerbaijan 5,0225.2
🇨🇮 Côte d'Ivoire6,6215.2
🇦🇱 Albania 15,3635.2
🇲🇰 North Macedonia 51,7885.2
🇬🇲 The Gambia6585.2
🇱🇷 Liberia 1,4645.1
🇱🇦 Laos 1,6105.1
🇩🇿 Algeria 2,3025.1
🇺🇦 Ukraine 2,5295.1
🇲🇦 Morocco 3,8745.1
🇨🇬 Congo 5825.1
🇸🇳 Senegal 1,5705.0
🇬🇪 Georgia 4,2235.0
🇬🇦 Gabon 4,6855.0
🇲🇿 Mozambique 3455.0
🇳🇪 Niger 4925.0
🇨🇲 Cameroon 9415.0
🇬🇭 Ghana 2,1984.9
🇮🇶 Iraq 6,3784.9
🇻🇪 Venezuela 7,3414.9
🇮🇷 Iran 7,6214.9
🇬🇳 Guinea 9384.9
🇹🇷 Turkey 8,0014.7
🇧🇫 Burkina Faso 6224.7
🇰🇲 Comoros 1,4664.6
🇳🇬 Nigeria 1,4744.6
🇰🇭 Cambodia 2,0314.6
🇺🇬 Uganda 6464.6
🇧🇯 Benin 8904.6
🇵🇰 Pakistan 2,1874.5
🇳🇦 Namibia 3,6774.5
🇰🇪 Kenya 3,6834.5
🇹🇳 Tunisia 6,1774.5
🇲🇱 Mali 8694.5
🇲🇲 Myanmar 2,4584.4
🇱🇰 Sri Lanka 8,8024.4
🇨🇩 DR Congo3564.4
🇪🇬 Egypt 6,3294.3
🇹🇩 Chad 3554.3
🇲🇬 Madagascar 6664.3
🇲🇷 Mauritania 1,0374.2
🇾🇪 Yemen 1,2234.2
🇪🇹 Ethiopia 1,5274.2
🇯🇴 Jordan 10,8424.2
🇹🇬 Togo 4684.1
🇮🇳 India 3,1943.8
🇲🇼 Malawi 6063.8
🇿🇲 Zambia 6923.8
🇹🇿 Tanzania 1,4333.7
🇭🇹 Haiti1933.6
🇸🇱 Sierra Leone 3703.6
🇧🇼 Botswana 3,6803.5
🇱🇸 Lesotho 2643.5
🇷🇼 Rwanda 1,2663.3
🇱🇧 Lebanon 18,1593.0
🇸🇸 South Sudan 2,6772.9
🇦🇫 Afghanistan 7342.4

While the results don’t definitively point to wealth contributing to happiness, there is a strong correlation across the board. Broadly speaking, the world’s poorest countries have the lowest happiness scores, and the richest report being the most happy.

Regional and Country-Level Observations

While many of the countries follow an obvious trend (more wealth = more happiness), there are nuances and outliers worth exploring.

  • In Latin America, people self-report more happiness than the trend between wealth and happiness would predict.
  • On the flip side, many nations in the Middle East report slightly less happiness than levels of wealth would predict.
  • Political turmoil, an economic crisis, and the devastating explosion in Beirut have resulted in Lebanon scoring far worse than would be expected. Over the past decade, the country’s score has fallen by nearly two full points.
  • Hong Kong has seen its happiness score sink for years now. Inequality, protests, instability, and now COVID-19 outbreaks have placed the region in an unusual zone on the chart: rich and unhappy.

Examining Inequality and Happiness

We’ve looked at the relationship between wealth and happiness between countries, but what about within countries?

The Gini Coefficient is a tool that allows us to do just that. This measure looks at income distribution across a population, and applies a score to that population. Simply put, a score of 0 would be “perfect equality”, and 1 would be “perfect inequality” (i.e. an individual or group of recipients is receiving the entire income distribution).

Combined with the same happiness scale as before, this is how countries shape up.

Data visualization showing the relationship between inequality and happiness around the world

While there is no ironclad conclusion that can be derived from this dataset, there are big picture observations worth highlighting.

The 15 Countries With Highest Income Inequality

Countries with High inequalityHappiness ScoreGini Score
🇿🇦 South Africa5.20.63
🇳🇦 Namibia4.50.59
🇿🇲 Zambia3.80.57
🇨🇴 Colombia5.80.54
🇲🇿 Mozambique5.00.54
🇧🇼 Botswana3.50.53
🇿🇼 Zimbabwe3.00.50
🇵🇦 Panama6.30.50
🇨🇷 Costa Rica6.60.49
🇧🇷 Brazil6.30.49
🇬🇹 Guatemala6.30.48
🇭🇳 Honduras6.00.48
🇧🇫 Burkina Faso4.70.47
🇪🇨 Ecuador5.50.47
🇨🇲 Cameroon5.00.47
Average5.252

First, countries with lower income inequality tend to also report more happiness. The 15 countries in this dataset with the highest inequality (shown above) have an average happiness score 1.3 lower than the 15 countries with the lowest inequality (shown below).

The 15 Countries With Lowest Income Inequality

Countries with low inequalityHappy ScoreGini Score
🇸🇰 Slovakia6.423.2
🇧🇾 Belarus5.824.4
🇸🇮 Slovenia6.624.4
🇦🇲 Armenia5.425.2
🇨🇿 Czech Republic6.925.3
🇺🇦 Ukraine5.125.6
🇲🇩 Moldova5.926
🇦🇪 United Arab Emirates6.626
🇮🇸 Iceland7.626.1
🇧🇪 Belgium6.827.2
🇩🇰 Denmark7.627.7
🇫🇮 Finland7.827.7
🇳🇴 Norway7.427.7
🇰🇿 Kazakhstan6.227.8
🇭🇷 Croatia6.128.9
Average6.526

Next, interesting regional differences emerge.

Despite high income inequality, many Latin American countries report levels of happiness similar to many much-wealthier European nations.

The Bottom Line

People have been seeking understanding on happiness for millennia now, and it’s unlikely that slicing and dicing datasets will crack the code. Still though, much like the pursuit of happiness, the pursuit of understanding is human nature.

And, in more concrete terms, the more policymakers and the public understand the link between wealth and happiness, the more likely we can shape societies that give us a better chance at living a happy life.

Where does this data come from?

Source: Credit Suisse Global Wealth Databook 2021, World Happiness Report 2022, World Bank

Data notes: This visualization includes countries that had available data for both happiness and wealth per adult. Credit Suisse notes that due to incomplete data, the following countries are estimates of average wealth per adult: North Macedonia, Kosovo, Guatemala, Dominican Republic, Honduras, Uzbekistan, Côte d’Ivoire, and South Sudan. Happiness data for countries is from the 2022 report, with the exception of: Qatar, DRC, Haiti, and South Sudan, which pull from the 2019 report. For Gini Coefficient calculations, only countries with data from 2014 onward were included. As a result, major economies such as India and Japan are excluded from that visualization.

Chart note: The wealth axis was plotted logarithmically to better show the trend visually. This approach is often used when a small number of results skew the visualization, making it harder to glean insight from. In this case, there are large extremes between the richest and poorest countries around the world.

Click for Comments

United States

Mapped: How Much Does it Take to be the Top 1% in Each U.S. State?

An annual income anywhere between $360,000-$950,000 can grant entry into the top 1%—depending on where you live in America.

Published

on

A cropped map of the U.S. listing the annual income needed to be in the top 1% in each state.

How Much Does it Take to be the Top 1% in Each U.S. State?

There’s an old saying: everyone thinks that they’re middle-class.

But how many people think, or know, that they really belong to the top 1% in the country?

Data from personal finance advisory services company, SmartAsset, reveals the annual income threshold at which a household can be considered part of the top 1% in their state.

Some states demand a much higher yearly earnings from their residents to be a part of the rarefied league, but which ones are they, and how much does one need to earn to make it to the very top echelon of income?

Ranking U.S. States By Income to Be in the Top 1%

At the top of the list, a household in Connecticut needs to earn nearly $953,000 annually to be part of the one-percenters. This is the highest minimum threshold across the country.

In the same region, Massachusetts requires a minimum annual earnings of $903,401 from its top 1% residents.

Here’s the list of all 50 U.S. states along with the annual income needed to be in the 1%.

RankStateTop 1% Income
Threshold
Top 1% Tax Rate
(% of annual income)
1Connecticut$952,90228.40%
2Massachusetts$903,40127.15%
3California$844,26626.95%
4New Jersey$817,34628.01%
5Washington$804,85325.99%
6New York$776,66228.29%
7Colorado$709,09225.86%
8Florida$694,98725.82%
9Illinois$660,81026.35%
10New Hampshire$659,03726.25%
11Wyoming$656,11824.79%
12Virginia$643,84826.11%
N/ANational Average$652,657N/A
13Maryland$633,33325.94%
14Texas$631,84925.83%
15Utah$630,54423.77%
16Minnesota$626,45125.53%
17Nevada$603,75125.19%
18South Dakota$590,37322.99%
19Pennsylvania$588,70224.95%
20North Dakota$585,55624.76%
21Georgia$585,39725.06%
22Oregon$571,81324.66%
23Arizona$564,03125.22%
24Idaho$560,04023.17%
25North Carolina$559,76225.31%
26Montana$559,65624.46%
27Kansas$554,91225.03%
28Rhode Island$548,53125.26%
29Tennessee$548,32925.12%
30Alaska$542,82425.38%
31Nebraska$535,65124.10%
32Delaware$529,92825.37%
33Vermont$518,03923.63%
34Wisconsin$517,32124.90%
35South Carolina$508,42724.40%
36Michigan$504,67125.01%
37Maine$502,60524.04%
38Missouri$500,62624.93%
39Ohio$500,25325.09%
40Hawaii$495,26324.12%
41Iowa$483,98524.09%
42Indiana$473,68524.55%
43Alabama$470,34123.82%
44Oklahoma$460,17223.68%
45Louisiana$458,26924.80%
46Arkansas$450,70021.11%
47Kentucky$445,29424.14%
48New Mexico$411,39523.35%
49Mississippi$381,91923.04%
50West Virginia$367,58223.26%
N/ANational Median
Household Income
$75,000N/A

California ($844,266), New Jersey ($817,346), and Washington ($804,853) round out the top five states with the highest minimum thresholds to make it to their exclusive rich club.

On the other end of the spectrum, the top one-percenters in West Virginia make a minimum of $367,582 a year, the lowest of all the states, and about one-third of the threshold in Connecticut. And just down southwest of the Mountain State, Mississippi’s one-percenters need to make at least $381,919 a year to qualify for the 1%.

A quick glance at the map above also reveals some regional insights.

The Northeast and West Coast, with their large urban and economic hubs, have higher income entry requirements for the top 1% than states in the American South.

This also correlates to the median income by state, a measure showing Massachusetts households make nearly $90,000 a year, compared to Mississippians who take home $49,000 annually.

How Much Do the Top 1% Pay in Taxes?

Meanwhile, if one does make it to the top 1% in states like Connecticut and Massachusetts, expect to pay more in taxes than other states, according to SmartAsset’s analysis.

A chart showing how states with the top highest and lowest average tax rates for their top 1% residents.

The one-percenters in the top five states pay, on average, between 26–28% of their income in tax, compared to those in the bottom five who pay between 21–23%.

And this pattern exists through the dataset, with higher top 1% income thresholds correlating with higher average tax rates for the wealthy.

State RanksMedian Tax Rate
Top 1026.65%
20-3025.09%
30-4024.65%
10-2025.07%
40-5023.75%

These higher tax rates point to attempts to reign in the increasing wealth disparity in the nation where the top 1% hold more than one-third of the country’s wealth, up from 27% in 1989.

Where Does This Data Come From?

Source: SmartAsset’s America’s Top 1% Is Different in Each State uses data from 2020 individual tax filings from the IRS, adjusted to 2023 dollars using the Bureau of Labor Statistics’ Consumer Price Index.

Continue Reading

Subscribe

Popular