Money
Ranked: The World’s Black Billionaires in 2021
The World’s Black Billionaires in 2021
Black billionaires make up fewer than 1% of all billionaires worldwide. Who are the select few who made it into the ranks of the world’s richest people?
In this graphic, we used the Forbes real-time billionaire list to highlight the most financially successful Black people, and the source(s) of their wealth.
Black Billionaires, Ranked
The data is as of February 24, 2021, and includes bi/multi racial individuals with Black ancestry. Altogether, there are 15 Black billionaires with a combined wealth of $48.9 billion.
Here is the how the full list breaks down:
Rank | Name | Net Worth | Citizenship | Source |
---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Aliko Dangote | $11.5B | Nigeria | Cement, sugar |
2 | Mike Adenuga | $6.1B | Nigeria | Telecom, oil |
3 | Robert F. Smith | $5.2B | United States | Private equity |
4 | Abdulsamad Rabiu | $4.8B | Nigeria | Cement, sugar |
5 | David Steward | $3.7B | United States | IT provider |
6 | Patrice Motsepe | $3.1B | South Africa | Mining |
7 | Alexander Karp | $3.0B | United States | Software firm |
8 | Oprah Winfrey | $2.6B | United States | TV shows |
9 | Michael Jordan | $1.6B | United States | Charlotte Hornets, endorsements |
10 | Michael Lee-Chin | $1.5B | Canada | Mutual funds |
11 | Strive Masiyiwa | $1.4B | Zimbabwe | Telecom |
12 | Kanye West | $1.3B | United States | Music, sneakers |
13 | Mohammed Ibrahim | $1.1B | United Kingdom | Communications |
14 | Shawn Carter (Jay-Z) | $1.0B | United States | Music, multiple |
15 | Tyler Perry | $1.0B | United States | Movies, television |
Aliko Dangote is the richest Black billionaire, and has held the title since 2013. He owns 85% of publicly-traded Dangote Cement, Africa’s largest cement producer. The company’s stock price went up more than 30% over the last year. In addition, Dangote also has investments in salt and sugar manufacturing companies.
The fifth richest Black person, David Steward, owns the technology solutions provider World Wide Technology. Steward had decided he wanted to be part of the technological revolution and founded the company in 1990, before the first internet browser had even been created. The company has since grown to be the largest Black-owned business in America with over $13.4 billion in annual revenue and more than 7,000 employees.
Best known for his music career, Shawn Carter, more commonly known as Jay-Z, is number 14 on the list. However, the rapper’s wealth goes far beyond his music. Jay-Z has built a diversified business empire, including investments in a fine art collection, an entertainment company, a clothing line, and alcohol brands. He recently sold half of his champagne brand to LVMH, the parent company of Dom Pérignon.
Unequal Representation
Unfortunately, little progress has been made with regards to the proportion of Black billionaires. Since 2011, Black billionaires have made up fewer than 1% of all billionaires worldwide.
In absolute numbers, the total number of billionaires rose by over 1,100 while the number of Black billionaires rose by just nine people.
The number of Black billionaires also falls very short of being representative of the general population. For example, only 8 or 1.2% of America’s 665 billionaires are Black. By contrast, Black people make up 12.2% of the U.S. population.
Breaking Through Barriers
There is still a large racial wealth gap between Black people and White people—even at the highest levels of financial achievement. However, despite these racial and systemic barriers, 14 of the 15 Black billionaires are self-made, meaning they built their wealth from the ground up. Who will be next to join the ranks?
“Innovation doesn’t happen without a person of color or a diversity of thought being at the table in order to challenge the status quo.”
—David Steward
Economy
The $16 Trillion European Union Economy
This chart shows the contributors to the EU economy through a percentage-wise distribution of country-level GDP.

The $16 Trillion European Union Economy
The European Union has the third-largest economy in the world, accounting for one-sixth of global trade. All together, 27 member countries make up one internal market allowing free movement of goods, services, capital and people.
But how did this sui generis (a class by itself) political entity come into being?
A Brief History of the EU
After the devastating aftermath of the World War II, Western Europe saw a concerted move towards regional peace and security by promoting democracy and protecting human rights.
Crucially, the Schuman Declaration was presented in 1950. The coal and steel industries of Western Europe were integrated under common management, preventing countries from turning on each other and creating weapons of war. Six countries signed on — the eventual founders of the EU.
Here’s a list of all 27 members of the EU and the year they joined.
Country | Year of entry |
---|---|
🇧🇪 Belgium | 1958 |
🇫🇷 France | 1958 |
🇩🇪 Germany | 1958 |
🇮🇹 Italy | 1958 |
🇱🇺 Luxembourg | 1958 |
🇳🇱 Netherlands | 1958 |
🇩🇰 Denmark | 1973 |
🇮🇪 Ireland | 1973 |
🇬🇷 Greece | 1981 |
🇵🇹 Portugal | 1986 |
🇪🇸 Spain | 1986 |
🇦🇹 Austria | 1995 |
🇫🇮 Finland | 1995 |
🇸🇪 Sweden | 1995 |
🇨🇾 Cyprus | 2004 |
🇨🇿 Czechia | 2004 |
🇪🇪 Estonia | 2004 |
🇭🇺 Hungary | 2004 |
🇱🇻 Latvia | 2004 |
🇱🇹 Lithuania | 2004 |
🇲🇹 Malta | 2004 |
🇵🇱 Poland | 2004 |
🇸🇰 Slovakia | 2004 |
🇸🇮 Slovenia | 2004 |
🇧🇬 Bulgaria | 2007 |
🇷🇴 Romania | 2007 |
🇭🇷 Croatia | 2013 |
Greater economic and security cooperation followed over the next four decades, along with the addition of new members. These tighter relationships disincentivized conflict, and Western Europe—after centuries of constant war—has seen unprecedented peace for the last 80 years.
The modern version of the EU can trace its origin to 1993, with the adoption of the name, ‘the European Union,’ the birth of a single market, and the promise to use a single currency—the euro.
Since then the EU has become an economic and political force to reckon with. Its combined gross domestic product (GDP) stood at $16.6 trillion in 2022, after the U.S. ($26 trillion) and China ($19 trillion.)
Front Loading the EU Economy
For the impressive numbers it shows however, the European Union’s economic might is held up by three economic giants, per data from the International Monetary Fund. Put together, the GDPs of Germany ($4 trillion), France ($2.7 trillion) and Italy ($1.9 trillion) make up more than half of the EU’s entire economic output.
These three countries are also the most populous in the EU, and together with Spain and Poland, account for 66% of the total population of the EU.
Here’s a table of all 27 member states and the percentage they contribute to the EU’s gross domestic product.
Rank | Country | GDP (Billion USD) | % of the EU Economy |
---|---|---|---|
1. | 🇩🇪 Germany | 4,031.1 | 24.26% |
2. | 🇫🇷 France | 2,778.1 | 16.72% |
3. | 🇮🇹 Italy | 1,997.0 | 12.02% |
4. | 🇪🇸 Spain | 1,390.0 | 8.37% |
5. | 🇳🇱 Netherlands | 990.6 | 5.96% |
6. | 🇵🇱 Poland | 716.3 | 4.31% |
7. | 🇸🇪 Sweden | 603.9 | 3.64% |
8. | 🇧🇪 Belgium | 589.5 | 3.55% |
9. | 🇮🇪 Ireland | 519.8 | 3.13% |
10. | 🇦🇹 Austria | 468.0 | 2.82% |
11. | 🇩🇰 Denmark | 386.7 | 2.33% |
12. | 🇷🇴 Romania | 299.9 | 1.81% |
13. | 🇨🇿 Czechia | 295.6 | 1.78% |
14. | 🇫🇮 Finland | 281.4 | 1.69% |
15. | 🇵🇹 Portugal | 255.9 | 1.54% |
16. | 🇬🇷 Greece | 222.0 | 1.34% |
17. | 🇭🇺 Hungary | 184.7 | 1.11% |
18. | 🇸🇰 Slovakia | 112.4 | 0.68% |
19. | 🇧🇬 Bulgaria | 85.0 | 0.51% |
20. | 🇱🇺 Luxembourg | 82.2 | 0.49% |
21. | 🇭🇷 Croatia | 69.4 | 0.42% |
22. | 🇱🇹 Lithuania | 68.0 | 0.41% |
23. | 🇸🇮 Slovenia | 62.2 | 0.37% |
24. | 🇱🇻 Latvia | 40.6 | 0.24% |
25. | 🇪🇪 Estonia | 39.1 | 0.24% |
26. | 🇨🇾 Cyprus | 26.7 | 0.16% |
27. | 🇲🇹 Malta | 17.2 | 0.10% |
Total | 16,613.1 | 100% |
The top-heaviness continues. By adding Spain ($1.3 trillion) and the Netherlands ($990 billion), the top five make up nearly 70% of the EU’s GDP. That goes up to 85% when the top 10 countries are included.
That means less than half of the 27 member states make up $14 trillion of the $16 trillion EU economy.
Older Members, Larger Share
Aside from the most populous members having bigger economies, another pattern emerges, with the time the country has spent in the EU.
Five of the six founders of the EU—Germany, France, Italy, the Netherlands, Belgium—are in the top 10 biggest economies of the EU. Ireland and Denmark, the next entrants into the union (1973) are ranked 9th and 11th respectively. The bottom 10 countries all joined the EU post-2004.
The UK—which joined the bloc in 1973 and formally left in 2020—would have been the second-largest economy in the region at $3.4 trillion.
Sectoral Analysis of the EU
The EU has four primary sectors of economic output: services, industry, construction, and agriculture (including fishing and forestry.) Below is an analysis of some of these sectors and the countries which contribute the most to it. All figures are from Eurostat.
Services and Tourism
The EU economy relies heavily on the services sector, accounting for more than 70% of the value added to the economy in 2020. It also is the sector with the highest share of employment in the EU, at 73%.
In Luxembourg, which has a large financial services sector, 87% of the country’s gross domestic product came from the services sector.
Tourism economies like Malta and Cyprus also had an above 80% share of services in their GDP.
Industry
Meanwhile 20% of the EU’s gross domestic product came from industry, with Ireland’s economy having the most share (40%) in its GDP. Czechia, Slovenia and Poland also had a significant share of industry output.
Mining coal and lignite in the EU saw a brief rebound in output in 2021, though levels continued to be subdued.
Rank | Sector | % of the EU Economy |
---|---|---|
1. | Services | 72.4% |
2. | Industry | 20.1% |
3. | Construction | 5.6% |
4. | Agriculture, forestry and fishing | 1.8% |
Agriculture
Less than 2% of the EU’s economy relies on agriculture, forestry and fishing. Romania, Latvia, and Greece feature as contributors to this sector, however the share in total output in each country is less than 5%. Bulgaria has the highest employment (16%) in this sector compared to other EU members.
Energy
The EU imports nearly 60% of its energy requirements. Until the end of 2021, Russia was the biggest exporter of petroleum and natural gas to the region. After the war in Ukraine that share has steadily decreased from nearly 25% to 15% for petroleum liquids and from nearly 40% to 15% for natural gas, per Eurostat.
Headwinds, High Seas
The IMF has a gloomy outlook for Europe heading into 2023. War in Ukraine, spiraling energy costs, high inflation, and stagnant wage growth means that EU leaders are facing “severe trade-offs and tough policy decisions.”
Reforms—to relieve supply constraints in the labor and energy markets—are key to increasing growth and relieving price pressures, according to the international body. The IMF projects that the EU will grow 0.7% in 2023.
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