Misc
A Network Map of the World’s Air Traffic Connections
View a high resolution version of this graphic
A Network Map of the World’s Air Traffic Connections
View the high resolution version of today’s graphic by clicking here.
In 2017, airlines moved over four billion passengers, a number that continues to grow each year.
As more and more people around the world can afford to scratch their travel itch, new connections and airports will be created to meet that demand. Remarkably, the world’s air transport network doubles in size every 15 years, and the International Civil Aviation Organisation (ICAO) estimates that it will do so again by the year 2030.
Today’s data visualization – created by researcher, Martin Grandjean – is a dramatic look at over 3,200 air traffic hubs that connect our world’s population centers. The unique, force-directed layout allows us to see relationships beyond geographical location.
As the GIF above reveals, Europe remains an important linchpin in international travel, and cities on North America’s West Coast – such as Vancouver and San Francisco – swing in response to Asia’s gravitational pull.
The World’s Most Connected Airports
While all airports are effective at moving passengers from point A to B, particular locations play a crucial role in the global network. To help put this connectivity between airports into perspective, OAG created the Megahubs International Index.
Below are the top 50 internationally connected airports:
Rank | Airport | Airport Name | Country | Connectivity Index |
---|---|---|---|---|
1 | LHR | Heathrow | United Kingdom | 379 |
2 | FRA | Frankfurt | Germany | 307 |
3 | AMS | Amsterdam Schiphol | Netherlands | 299 |
4 | ORD | O'Hare | United States | 295 |
5 | YYZ | Toronto Pearson | Canada | 271 |
6 | SIN | Singapore Changi | Singapore | 257 |
7 | CGK | Soekarno–Hatta | Indonesia | 256 |
8 | ATL | Hartsfield–Jackson | United States | 256 |
9 | KUL | Kuala Lumpur | Malaysia | 242 |
10 | CDG | Charles de Gaulle | France | 242 |
11 | LAX | Los Angeles | United States | 235 |
12 | HKG | Hong Kong | Hong Kong | 233 |
13 | BKK | Suvarnabhumi | Thailand | 226 |
14 | MUC | Munich | Germany | 221 |
15 | IST | Istanbul Atatürk | Turkey | 219 |
16 | MIA | Miami | United States | 204 |
17 | ICN | Incheon | South Korea | 196 |
18 | JFK | John F. Kennedy | United States | 195 |
19 | IAH | George Bush | United States | 184 |
20 | DXB | Dubai | United Arab Emirates | 183 |
21 | MEX | Mexico City | Mexico | 176 |
22 | EWR | Newark Liberty | United States | 170 |
23 | PVG | Shanghai Pudong | China | 167 |
24 | SYD | Sydney | Australia | 167 |
25 | DEL | Indira Gandhi | India | 166 |
26 | YVR | Vancouver | Canada | 165 |
27 | DFW | Dallas/Fort Worth | United States | 164 |
28 | HND | Haneda | Japan | 163 |
29 | SFO | San Francisco | United States | 153 |
30 | FCO | Rome Fiumicino | Italy | 145 |
31 | PEK | Beijing Capital | China | 142 |
32 | CAN | Guangzhou Baiyun | China | 141 |
33 | BOM | Chhatrapati Shivaji | India | 140 |
34 | MAD | Madrid–Barajas | Spain | 138 |
35 | NCE | Nice Côte d'Azur | France | 133 |
36 | JNB | O. R. Tambo | South Africa | 133 |
37 | NRT | Narita | Japan | 132 |
38 | MNL | Ninoy Aquino | Philippines | 131 |
39 | SEA | Seattle–Tacoma | United States | 130 |
40 | BOS | Logan | United States | 128 |
41 | BOG | El Dorado | Colombia | 127 |
42 | GRU | São Paulo–Guarulhos | Brazil | 120 |
43 | YUL | Montréal–Trudeau | Canada | 118 |
44 | ZRH | Zurich | Switzerland | 115 |
45 | SVO | Sheremetyevo | Russian Fed. | 114 |
46 | SJU | Luis Muñoz Marín | Puerto Rico | 114 |
47 | PTY | Tocumen | Panama | 108 |
48 | VIE | Vienna | Austria | 107 |
49 | MCO | Orlando | United States | 107 |
50 | AKL | Auckland | New Zealand | 106 |
The heavyweight airport leading the world in international connectivity is London Heathrow. This busy air traffic hub recently had a mind-blowing 72,000 possible international connections within a 6-hour window of arriving and departing flights. Heathrow moved over 78 million passengers and 1.70 million metric tonnes of cargo in 2017.
According to OAG, Singapore Changi and El Dorado International Airport in Colombia were the most connected airports in Asia–Pacific and South America, respectively. O. R. Tambo International Airport near Johannesburg was the sole African airport to crack the top 50.
America’s Most Connected Airports
Below are the top 25 most connected airports in the United States:
Rank | Airport | Airport Name | City | Connectivity Index |
---|---|---|---|---|
1 | ORD | O'Hare | Chicago | 455 |
2 | ATL | Hartsfield–Jackson Atlanta | Atlanta | 390 |
3 | CLT | Charlotte Douglas | Charlotte | 238 |
4 | DFW | Dallas/Fort Worth | Dallas | 207 |
5 | DEN | Denver | Denver | 186 |
6 | DTW | Detroit Metro. Wayne County | Detroit | 139 |
7 | MSP | Minneapolis–Saint Paul | Minneapolis–St. Paul | 126 |
8 | LAX | Los Angeles | Los Angeles | 114 |
9 | HNL | Daniel K. Inouye | Honolulu | 104 |
10 | PHX | Phoenix Sky Harbor | Phoenix | 103 |
11 | IAH | George Bush | Houston | 102 |
12 | BOS | Boston Logan | Boston | 95 |
13 | SEA | Seattle–Tacoma | Seattle | 87 |
14 | PHL | Philadelphia | Philadelphia | 85 |
15 | SFO | San Francisco | San Francisco | 84 |
16 | SLC | Salt Lake City | Salt Lake City | 79 |
17 | MDW | Chicago Midway | Chicago | 75 |
18 | DCA | Ronald Reagan Washington | Washington | 65 |
19 | IAD | Washington Dulles | Washington | 57 |
20 | DAL | Dallas Love Field | Dallas | 56 |
21 | EWR | Newark Liberty | Newark | 54 |
22 | LAS | McCarran | Las Vegas | 54 |
23 | BWI | Baltimore–Washington | Baltimore | 53 |
24 | LGA | LaGuardia | New York | 51 |
25 | STL | St. Louis Lambert | St. Louis | 43 |
While Atlanta Airport, the second most connected hub, has more scheduled domestic capacity, O’Hare’s scheduling offered more connection possibilities for passengers. Both these powerhouse transport nodes show up very clearly on the network map above.
No Fly Zones
There is a grand total of five countries in the world that have no airport and, interestingly, they’re all in Europe. Vatican City and Monaco are simply too small to accommodate an airport.
The remaining three – Andorra, San Marino, and Liechtenstein – rely on neighboring countries and/or helicopter pads for their air travel needs.
Maps
Mapped: Renewable Energy and Battery Installations in the U.S. in 2023
This graphic describes new U.S. renewable energy installations by state along with nameplate capacity, planned to come online in 2023.

Renewable and Battery Installations in the U.S. in 2023
This was originally posted on Elements. Sign up to the free mailing list to get beautiful visualizations on real assets and resource megatrends each week.
Renewable energy, in particular solar power, is set to shine in 2023. This year, the U.S. plans to get over 80% of its new energy installations from sources like battery, solar, and wind.
The above map uses data from EIA to highlight planned U.S. renewable energy and battery storage installations by state for 2023.
Texas and California Leading in Renewable Energy
Nearly every state in the U.S. has plans to produce new clean energy in 2023, but it’s not a surprise to see the two most populous states in the lead of the pack.
Even though the majority of its power comes from natural gas, Texas currently leads the U.S. in planned renewable energy installations. The state also has plans to power nearly 900,000 homes using new wind energy.
California is second, which could be partially attributable to the passing of Title 24, an energy code that makes it compulsory for new buildings to have the equipment necessary to allow the easy installation of solar panels, battery storage, and EV charging.
New solar power in the U.S. isn’t just coming from places like Texas and California. In 2023, Ohio will add 1,917 MW of new nameplate solar capacity, with Nevada and Colorado not far behind.
Top 10 States | Battery (MW) | Solar (MW) | Wind (MW) | Total (MW) |
---|---|---|---|---|
Texas | 1,981 | 6,462 | 1,941 | 10,385 |
California | 4,555 | 4,293 | 123 | 8,970 |
Nevada | 678 | 1,596 | 0 | 2,274 |
Ohio | 12 | 1,917 | 5 | 1,934 |
Colorado | 230 | 1,187 | 200 | 1,617 |
New York | 58 | 509 | 559 | 1,125 |
Wisconsin | 4 | 939 | 92 | 1,034 |
Florida | 3 | 978 | 0 | 980 |
Kansas | 0 | 0 | 843 | 843 |
Illinois | 0 | 363 | 477 | 840 |
The state of New York is also looking to become one of the nation’s leading renewable energy providers. The New York State Energy Research & Development Authority (NYSERDA) is making real strides towards this objective with 11% of the nation’s new wind power projects expected to come online in 2023.
According to the data, New Hampshire is the only state in the U.S. that has no new utility-scale renewable energy installations planned for 2023. However, the state does have plans for a massive hydroelectric plant that should come online in 2024.
Decarbonizing Energy
Renewable energy is considered essential to reduce global warming and CO2 emissions.
In line with the efforts by each state to build new renewable installations, the Biden administration has set a goal of achieving a carbon pollution-free power sector by 2035 and a net zero emissions economy by no later than 2050.
The EIA forecasts the share of U.S. electricity generation from renewable sources rising from 22% in 2022 to 23% in 2023 and to 26% in 2024.
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