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The Largest U.S. Bank Failures in Modern History

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The Largest U.S. Bank Failures in Modern History

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The Briefing

  • The collapse of Silicon Valley Bank impacted $175 billion in deposits and $209 billion in assets
  • First Republic Bank was seized two months later, in the second-largest bank failure by assets in U.S. history

The Largest Bank Failures in Modern History

Silicon Valley Bank cratered at warp speed—and within weeks, two other institutions folded in the March banking panic.

Just two months later, First Republic became the next casualty. After $100 billion in deposits were drained from the bank in days, the San Francisco-based bank began facing mounting pressures. On Monday, JPMorgan assumed ownership of the failed institution in the second-biggest bank collapse in U.S. history, by assets.

With data from the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC), the above graphic charts over 500 bank failures since 2001.

Top 20 Bank Failures Since 2001

The last time a major banking collapse took place, a flood of bank shutdowns followed.

After banks reported billions in subprime-mortgage losses in late 2007, sentiment began to shift. As losses snowballed in 2008, it triggered a run on shadow banks—institutions that aren’t regulated like banks but perform similar actions.

Back then, banks and shadow banks were holding foreclosed mortgages as collateral. At the time, it was also difficult to determine the value of these assets. A credit crisis spurred a wave of bank collapses.

Here are the top 20 bank failures over the last two decades:

RankBank NameDateDepositsAssets
1Washington Mutual BankSep 2008$188.0B$307.0B
2Silicon Valley BankMar 2023$175.4B$209.0B
3First Republic BankMay 2023$103.9B$229.1B
4Signature BankMar 2023$88.6B$110.4B
5Colonial BankAug 2009$20.0B$25.0B
6IndyMac BankJul 2008$19.1B$32.0B
7Guaranty BankAug 2009$12.0B$13.0B
8Downey Savings and
Loan Association
Nov 2008$9.7B$12.8B
9BankUnitedMay 2009$8.6B$12.8B
10AmTrust BankDec 2009$8.0B$12.0B
11Corus BankSep 2009$7.0B$7.0B
12California National BankOct 2009$6.2B$7.8B
13First Federal Bank of CaliforniaDec 2009$4.5B$6.1B
14R-G Premier Bank of Puerto RicoApr 2010$4.3B$5.9B
15Doral BankFeb 2015$4.1B$5.9B
16Park National BankOct 2009$3.7B$4.7B
17Franklin BankNov 2008$3.7B$5.1B
18First NBC BankApr 2017$3.5B$4.7B
19Amcore BankApr 2010$3.4B$3.8B
20Silverton BankMay 2009$3.3B$4.1B

The banks collapsing in more recent days have been holding U.S. Treasuries as collateral. These have declined in value as interest rates have spiked. Their customer bases are also concentrated, which decreases diversification. Just as Silicon Valley Bank served a niche clientele of venture-backed tech startups, Signature Bank worked with high-risk crypto firms.

As these banks poured deposits in long-term bonds when interest rates were historically low, it was a reflection of faulty risk management and the assumption that interest rates would remain at these levels.

What Happens Now?

U.S. banking regulators have shown that they’re serious about preventing any future fallout.

Together, the Federal Reserve, U.S. Treasury, and the FDIC took emergency measures to enable all Silicon Valley Bank and Signature Bank depositors access to their funds days after their collapse. This was after an auction that resulted in no buyer.

For First Republic, all of the 84 branches will now be under ownership of JPMorgan, with the FDIC stating that clients will have access to both insured and uninsured deposits.

In each of the three bank failures so far in 2023, regulators have taken swift action to repay depositors and stem systemic risk. This has led many market participants to believe that banking troubles are contained.

As the effects of the fastest rate hikes in decades continue to be felt, whether or not this proves to be the case is anyone’s guess.

Where does this data come from?

Source: Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation, May 2023.

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The 10 Longest Range EVs for 2023

This infographic lists 10 of the longest range EVs currently for sale in the U.S. in 2023. The Lucid Air takes first place at 516 miles.

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The Briefing

  • EV models with over 300 miles (480 km) of range are becoming more common in the United States
  • The Lucid Air (Grand Touring trim) has the highest EPA range at 516 miles (830 km)

The 10 Longest Range EVs for 2023

Range anxiety is frequently cited as one of the biggest turnoffs of electric vehicles (EVs).

Even as recent as 2021, the average range of an EV was just 217 miles (349 km), falling significantly short from the average gas car’s range of 413 miles (665 km). Thankfully, as this infographic shows, EVs with over 300 miles of range are becoming more common.

Below are the top 10 EVs for 2023, ranked by their EPA combined driving range. For further context, we’ve also included price. These values are for the specific trim that achieves the stated range. In some cases, more expensive trims are available but have a lower range (e.g. Tesla Plaid).

ModelEPA Combined Driving RangePrice*
Lucid Air516 mi (830 km)$138,000
Tesla Model S405 mi (652 km)$84,990
Hyundai Ioniq 6361 mi (581 km)$45,500
Tesla Model 3358 mi (576 km)$55,990
Mercedes-Benz EQS350 mi (563 km)$104,400
Tesla Model X348 mi (560 km)$94,990
Tesla Model Y330 mi (531 km)$52,990
GMC Hummer EV Pickup329 mi (529 km)$110,295
Rivian R1T328 mi (528 km)$74,800
BMW iX324 mi (521 km)$87,100

*Most recent prices available as of April 2023

Note that the EV market is rapidly evolving, and the data in this table has a limited shelf life. For example, Rivian is releasing a battery option dubbed the “Max pack” which promises up to 400 miles, but is not yet EPA rated.

Where Does This Data Come From?

Source: Car and Driver (range), manufacturer websites (price)

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