Demographics
Where Will the World’s Next 1,000 Babies Be Born?
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Where Will the World’s Next 1,000 Babies Be Born?
View a higher resolution version of this map.
Every four minutes, approximately 1,000 babies are born across the globe. But in which countries are these babies the most statistically likely to come from?
Using data from the CIA World Factbook, this graphic by Pratap Vardhan (Stats of India) paints a picture of the world’s demographics, showing which countries are most likely to welcome the next 1,000 babies based on population and birth rates as of 2022 estimates.
The Next 1,000 Babies, By Country
Considering India has a population of nearly 1.4 billion, it’s fairly unsurprising that it ranks first on the list. Of every 1,000 babies born, the South Asian country accounts for roughly 172 of them.
Place | Region | Births Per 1,000 Global Babies |
---|---|---|
🇮🇳 India | Asia | 171.62 |
🇨🇳 China | Asia | 102.84 |
🇳🇬 Nigeria | Africa | 56.50 |
🇵🇰 Pakistan | Asia | 47.23 |
🇨🇩 Congo, Democratic Republic of the | Africa | 31.90 |
🇮🇩 Indonesia | Asia | 31.20 |
🇺🇸 United States | Americas | 30.42 |
🇪🇹 Ethiopia | Africa | 25.44 |
🇧🇷 Brazil | Americas | 22.27 |
🇧🇩 Bangladesh | Asia | 21.52 |
🇵🇭 Philippines | Asia | 18.75 |
🇪🇬 Egypt | Africa | 16.98 |
🇹🇿 Tanzania | Africa | 15.61 |
🇺🇬 Uganda | Africa | 13.89 |
🇲🇽 Mexico | Americas | 12.85 |
🇻🇳 Vietnam | Asia | 11.96 |
🇸🇩 Sudan | Africa | 11.79 |
🇰🇪 Kenya | Africa | 10.82 |
🇦🇴 Angola | Africa | 10.68 |
🇦🇫 Afghanistan | Asia | 9.98 |
🇷🇺 Russia | Europe | 9.85 |
🇮🇷 Iran | Asia | 9.73 |
🇲🇿 Mozambique | Africa | 8.72 |
🇹🇷 Turkey | Asia | 8.71 |
🇳🇪 Niger | Africa | 8.46 |
🇿🇦 South Africa | Africa | 7.84 |
🇨🇲 Cameroon | Africa | 7.65 |
🇮🇶 Iraq | Asia | 7.34 |
🇬🇭 Ghana | Africa | 6.94 |
🇲🇲 Myanmar | Asia | 6.90 |
🇯🇵 Japan | Asia | 6.34 |
🇲🇱 Mali | Africa | 6.25 |
🇩🇿 Algeria | Africa | 6.01 |
🇨🇮 Cote d'Ivoire | Africa | 5.97 |
🇲🇬 Madagascar | Africa | 5.93 |
🇫🇷 France | Europe | 5.85 |
🇩🇪 Germany | Europe | 5.62 |
🇾🇪 Yemen | Asia | 5.61 |
🇨🇴 Colombia | Americas | 5.48 |
🇧🇫 Burkina Faso | Africa | 5.41 |
🇬🇧 United Kingdom | Europe | 5.37 |
🇹🇩 Chad | Africa | 5.34 |
🇦🇷 Argentina | Americas | 5.29 |
🇹🇭 Thailand | Asia | 5.19 |
🇿🇲 Zambia | Africa | 5.03 |
🇲🇦 Morocco | Africa | 4.70 |
🇲🇼 Malawi | Africa | 4.27 |
🇧🇯 Benin | Africa | 4.16 |
🇸🇳 Senegal | Africa | 4.15 |
🇵🇪 Peru | Americas | 4.08 |
🇳🇵 Nepal | Asia | 3.95 |
🇻🇪 Venezuela | Americas | 3.78 |
🇸🇦 Saudi Arabia | Asia | 3.69 |
🇿🇼 Zimbabwe | Africa | 3.67 |
🇲🇾 Malaysia | Asia | 3.62 |
🇸🇾 Syria | Asia | 3.60 |
🇺🇿 Uzbekistan | Asia | 3.55 |
🇬🇳 Guinea | Africa | 3.47 |
🇸🇴 Somalia | Africa | 3.45 |
🇧🇮 Burundi | Africa | 3.28 |
🇸🇸 South Sudan | Africa | 3.19 |
🇮🇹 Italy | Europe | 3.12 |
🇬🇹 Guatemala | Americas | 2.90 |
🇺🇦 Ukraine | Europe | 2.88 |
🇨🇦 Canada | Americas | 2.85 |
🇰🇵 Korea, North | Asia | 2.71 |
🇰🇷 Korea, South | Asia | 2.63 |
🇷🇼 Rwanda | Africa | 2.56 |
🇪🇸 Spain | Europe | 2.47 |
🇵🇱 Poland | Europe | 2.38 |
🇰🇭 Cambodia | Asia | 2.37 |
🇦🇺 Australia | Oceania | 2.36 |
🇱🇰 Sri Lanka | Asia | 2.35 |
🇰🇿 Kazakhstan | Asia | 2.19 |
🇪🇨 Ecuador | Americas | 2.09 |
🇸🇱 Sierra Leone | Africa | 2.06 |
🇵🇬 Papua New Guinea | Oceania | 2.04 |
🇹🇬 Togo | Africa | 1.99 |
🇯🇴 Jordan | Asia | 1.82 |
🇭🇹 Haiti | Americas | 1.76 |
🇨🇱 Chile | Americas | 1.73 |
🇧🇴 Bolivia | Americas | 1.65 |
🇱🇷 Liberia | Africa | 1.44 |
🇩🇴 Dominican Republic | Americas | 1.42 |
🇳🇱 Netherlands | Europe | 1.40 |
🇹🇯 Tajikistan | Asia | 1.39 |
🇨🇫 Central African Republic | Africa | 1.31 |
🇨🇬 Congo, Republic of the | Africa | 1.30 |
🇹🇼 Taiwan | Asia | 1.28 |
🇹🇳 Tunisia | Africa | 1.28 |
🇭🇳 Honduras | Americas | 1.24 |
🇪🇷 Eritrea | Africa | 1.23 |
🇷🇴 Romania | Europe | 1.19 |
🇱🇦 Laos | Asia | 1.19 |
🇮🇱 Israel | Asia | 1.14 |
🇱🇾 Libya | Africa | 1.13 |
🇦🇿 Azerbaijan | Asia | 1.03 |
🇧🇪 Belgium | Europe | 0.95 |
🇵🇾 Paraguay | Americas | 0.88 |
🇰🇬 Kyrgyzstan | Asia | 0.87 |
🇸🇻 El Salvador | Americas | 0.86 |
🇲🇷 Mauritania | Africa | 0.86 |
🇸🇪 Sweden | Europe | 0.83 |
🇨🇺 Cuba | Americas | 0.82 |
🇦🇪 United Arab Emirates | Asia | 0.79 |
🇳🇮 Nicaragua | Americas | 0.76 |
🇹🇲 Turkmenistan | Asia | 0.72 |
🇨🇿 Czechia | Europe | 0.68 |
🇨🇭 Switzerland | Europe | 0.65 |
🇧🇾 Belarus | Europe | 0.63 |
🇦🇹 Austria | Europe | 0.62 |
🇭🇺 Hungary | Europe | 0.62 |
🇴🇲 Oman | Asia | 0.61 |
🇵🇹 Portugal | Europe | 0.60 |
🇬🇷 Greece | Europe | 0.59 |
🇵🇦 Panama | Americas | 0.57 |
🇨🇷 Costa Rica | Americas | 0.55 |
🇬🇼 Guinea-Bissau | Africa | 0.54 |
🇵🇸 West Bank | Asia | 0.54 |
🇬🇲 Gambia | Africa | 0.51 |
🇱🇧 Lebanon | Asia | 0.51 |
🇳🇦 Namibia | Africa | 0.50 |
🇳🇴 Norway | Europe | 0.49 |
🇩🇰 Denmark | Europe | 0.49 |
🇮🇪 Ireland | Europe | 0.48 |
🇳🇿 New Zealand | Oceania | 0.47 |
🇬🇦 Gabon | Africa | 0.45 |
🇷🇸 Serbia | Europe | 0.44 |
🇭🇰 Hong Kong | Asia | 0.43 |
🇫🇮 Finland | Europe | 0.43 |
🇧🇬 Bulgaria | Europe | 0.41 |
🇵🇸 Gaza Strip | Asia | 0.41 |
🇰🇼 Kuwait | Asia | 0.40 |
🇬🇪 Georgia | Asia | 0.40 |
🇸🇬 Singapore | Asia | 0.39 |
🇲🇳 Mongolia | Asia | 0.38 |
🇱🇸 Lesotho | Africa | 0.37 |
🇬🇶 Equatorial Guinea | Africa | 0.37 |
🇸🇰 Slovakia | Europe | 0.36 |
🇧🇼 Botswana | Africa | 0.36 |
🇯🇲 Jamaica | Americas | 0.33 |
🇹🇱 Timor-Leste | Asia | 0.33 |
🇺🇾 Uruguay | Americas | 0.32 |
🇦🇱 Albania | Europe | 0.29 |
🇭🇷 Croatia | Europe | 0.27 |
🇲🇩 Moldova | Europe | 0.25 |
🇦🇲 Armenia | Asia | 0.24 |
🇧🇦 Bosnia and Herzegovina | Europe | 0.24 |
🇽🇰 Kosovo | Europe | 0.21 |
🇸🇿 Eswatini | Africa | 0.19 |
🇱🇹 Lithuania | Europe | 0.18 |
🇵🇷 Puerto Rico | Americas | 0.18 |
🇶🇦 Qatar | Asia | 0.17 |
🇲🇰 North Macedonia | Europe | 0.16 |
🇩🇯 Djibouti | Africa | 0.16 |
🇰🇲 Comoros | Africa | 0.14 |
🇧🇭 Bahrain | Asia | 0.14 |
🇸🇮 Slovenia | Europe | 0.13 |
🇱🇻 Latvia | Europe | 0.12 |
🇸🇧 Solomon Islands | Oceania | 0.12 |
🇫🇯 Fiji | Oceania | 0.11 |
🇹🇹 Trinidad and Tobago | Americas | 0.11 |
🇧🇹 Bhutan | Asia | 0.10 |
🇨🇾 Cyprus | Asia | 0.10 |
🇬🇾 Guyana | Americas | 0.10 |
🇲🇺 Mauritius | Africa | 0.09 |
🇨🇻 Cabo Verde | Africa | 0.08 |
🇪🇪 Estonia | Europe | 0.08 |
🇸🇷 Suriname | Americas | 0.07 |
🇧🇿 Belize | Americas | 0.06 |
🇧🇳 Brunei | Asia | 0.06 |
🇱🇺 Luxembourg | Europe | 0.06 |
🇲🇪 Montenegro | Europe | 0.05 |
🇻🇺 Vanuatu | Oceania | 0.05 |
🇸🇹 Sao Tome and Principe | Africa | 0.04 |
🇲🇻 Maldives | Asia | 0.04 |
🇲🇴 Macau | Asia | 0.04 |
🇧🇸 Bahamas, The | Americas | 0.04 |
🇮🇸 Iceland | Europe | 0.03 |
🇲🇹 Malta | Europe | 0.03 |
🇳🇨 New Caledonia | Oceania | 0.03 |
🇵🇫 French Polynesia | Oceania | 0.03 |
🇼🇸 Samoa | Oceania | 0.03 |
🇧🇧 Barbados | Americas | 0.02 |
🇬🇺 Guam | Oceania | 0.02 |
🇰🇮 Kiribati | Oceania | 0.02 |
🇹🇴 Tonga | Oceania | 0.02 |
🇨🇼 Curacao | Americas | 0.01 |
🇱🇨 Saint Lucia | Americas | 0.01 |
🇫🇲 Micronesia, Federated States of | Oceania | 0.01 |
🇲🇭 Marshall Islands | Oceania | 0.01 |
🇬🇩 Grenada | Americas | 0.01 |
🇦🇬 Antigua and Barbuda | Americas | 0.01 |
🇦🇼 Aruba | Americas | 0.01 |
🇯🇪 Jersey | Europe | 0.01 |
🇻🇨 Saint Vincent and the Grenadines | Americas | 0.01 |
🇻🇮 Virgin Islands | Americas | 0.01 |
🇸🇨 Seychelles | Africa | 0.01 |
🇩🇲 Dominica | Americas | 0.01 |
🇮🇲 Isle of Man | Europe | 0.01 |
🇧🇲 Bermuda | Americas | 0.01 |
🇲🇵 Northern Mariana Islands | Oceania | 0.01 |
🇬🇱 Greenland | Americas | 0.01 |
🇹🇨 Turks and Caicos Islands | Americas | 0.01 |
🇫🇴 Faroe Islands | Europe | 0.01 |
🇦🇸 American Samoa | Oceania | 0.01 |
🇰🇾 Cayman Islands | Americas | 0.01 |
🇰🇳 Saint Kitts and Nevis | Americas | 0.00 |
🇬🇬 Guernsey | Europe | 0.00 |
🇦🇩 Andorra | Europe | 0.00 |
🇸🇽 Sint Maarten | Americas | 0.00 |
🇲🇫 Saint Martin | Americas | 0.00 |
🇻🇬 British Virgin Islands | Americas | 0.00 |
🇬🇮 Gibraltar | Europe | 0.00 |
🇱🇮 Liechtenstein | Europe | 0.00 |
🇸🇲 San Marino | Europe | 0.00 |
🇹🇻 Tuvalu | Oceania | 0.00 |
🇵🇼 Palau | Oceania | 0.00 |
🇦🇮 Anguilla | Americas | 0.00 |
🇲🇨 Monaco | Europe | 0.00 |
🇳🇷 Nauru | Oceania | 0.00 |
🇼🇫 Wallis and Futuna | Oceania | 0.00 |
🇨🇰 Cook Islands | Oceania | 0.00 |
🇸🇭 Saint Helena, Ascension, and Tristan da Cunha | Africa | 0.00 |
🇧🇱 Saint Barthelemy | Americas | 0.00 |
🇲🇸 Montserrat | Americas | 0.00 |
🇫🇰 Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas) | Americas | 0.00 |
🇵🇲 Saint Pierre and Miquelon | Americas | 0.00 |
It’s worth noting that, while India ranks number one on the list, the country’s birth rate (which is its total number of births in a year per 1,000 individuals) is actually slightly below the global average, at 16.8 compared to 17.7 respectively.
China, which comes second on the list, is similar to India, with a high population but relatively low birth rate as well. On the other hand, Nigeria, which ranks third on the list, has a birth rate that’s nearly double the global average, at 34.2.
Why is Nigeria’s birth rate so high?
There are various intermingling factors at play, but one key reason is the fact that Nigeria’s economy still is developing, and ranks 131st globally in terms of GDP per capita. Further, access to education for women is still not as widespread as it could be, and research shows that this is strongly correlated with higher birth rates.
The World’s Population Growth Rate is Declining
While there are hundreds of thousands of babies born around the world each day, it’s worth mentioning that the world’s overall population growth rate has actually been declining since the 1960s.
This is happening for a number of reasons, including:
- Increased wealth around the world, which research has correlated with fewer births
- Various government policies discouraging large families
- The global shift from rural to urban living
By 2100, global population growth is expected to drop to 0.1%, which means we’ll essentially reach net-zero population growth.
This would increase our global median age even further, which poses a number of economic risks if countries don’t properly prepare for this demographic shift.

This article was published as a part of Visual Capitalist's Creator Program, which features data-driven visuals from some of our favorite Creators around the world.
Demographics
Charted: Retirement Age by Country
We chart current and effective retirement ages for 45 countries, revealing some stark regional differences.

Charted: Retirement Age by Country
The retirement landscape can look completely different depending on what country you’re in. And charting the retirement age by country reveals a lot of differences in the the makeup of a labor force, both for economic and cultural reasons.
This graphic delves into the current and effective retirement ages across 45 nations in 2020, based on comprehensive data from the OECD 2021 report.
Defining Retirement Ages
Before we dive into the numbers, let’s clarify the measurements used by the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD):
- The current retirement age is the age at which individuals can retire without penalty to pension after completing a full career starting from age 22.
- The effective retirement age refers to the average age of exit from the labor force for workers aged 40 years or more.
Many countries have seen workers effectively retire earlier or later than the current retirement age. This variance can arise due to a multitude in factors including differences in career start ages, some industries offering earlier retirements or benefits for later commitments, or countries facilitating different workforce exits due to market demands and policies.
Some people also choose to retire early due to personal reasons or a lack of available work, receiving a smaller pension or in some cases forgoing it entirely. Likewise, some people choose to stay employed if they are able to find work.
Retirement Age by Country in 2020
Here’s a snapshot of the current and effective retirement ages by country in 2020:
Country | Retirement age (Current) | Retirement age (Effective) | Retirement age (Women, Effective) |
---|---|---|---|
🇦🇹 Austria | 65 | 62 | 61 |
🇧🇪 Belgium | 65 | 61 | 60 |
🇨🇦 Canada | 65 | 64 | 63 |
🇨🇱 Chile | 65 | 65 | 61 |
🇨🇴 Colombia | 62 | 67 | 60 |
🇨🇷 Costa Rica | 62 | 67 | 62 |
🇨🇿 Czech Republic | 64 | 63 | 62 |
🇩🇰 Denmark | 66 | 64 | N/A |
🇪🇪 Estonia | 64 | 64 | 65 |
🇫🇮 Finland | 65 | 63 | 64 |
🇫🇷 France | 65 | 60 | 61 |
🇩🇪 Germany | 66 | 63 | N/A |
🇬🇷 Greece | 62 | 61 | 58 |
🇭🇺 Hungary | 65 | 62 | 60 |
🇮🇸 Iceland | 67 | 66 | 64 |
🇮🇪 Ireland | 66 | 64 | N/A |
🇮🇱 Israel | 67 | 65 | N/A |
🇮🇹 Italy | 62 | 62 | 61 |
🇯🇵 Japan | 65 | 68 | 67 |
🇰🇷 Korea, Republic of | 62 | 66 | 65 |
🇱🇻 Latvia | 64 | 66 | 65 |
🇱🇹 Lithuania | 64 | 63 | N/A |
🇱🇺 Luxembourg | 62 | 59 | 60 |
🇲🇽 Mexico | 65 | 66 | 63 |
🇳🇱 Netherlands | 66 | 64 | 63 |
🇳🇿 New Zealand | 65 | 68 | 66 |
🇳🇴 Norway | 67 | 65 | 63 |
🇵🇱 Poland | 65 | 62 | 60 |
🇵🇹 Portugal | 65 | 65 | 63 |
🇸🇰 Slovakia | 63 | 60 | N/A |
🇸🇮 Slovenia | 62 | 62 | 61 |
🇪🇸 Spain | 65 | 61 | 60 |
🇸🇪 Sweden | 65 | 66 | 65 |
🇨🇭 Switzerland | 65 | 65 | 64 |
🇹🇷 Türkiye | 52 | 61 | 59 |
🇬🇧 United Kingdom | 66 | 64 | 63 |
🇺🇸 United States | 66 | 65 | N/A |
🇪🇺 European Union (Average) | 64 | 63 | N/A |
🇦🇷 Argentina | 65 | 62 | 63 |
🇧🇷 Brazil | 62 | 62 | 59 |
🇨🇳 China (People's Republic of) | 60 | 66 | 61 |
🇮🇳 India | 58 | 67 | N/A |
🇮🇩 Indonesia | 57 | 69 | N/A |
🇷🇺 Russia | 62 | 62 | 60 |
🇸🇦 Saudi Arabia | 47 | 59 | N/A |
🇿🇦 South Africa | 60 | 60 | 56 |
Three countries had the highest current retirement age at 67 years, Iceland, Israel, and Norway, but all had slightly lower effective retirement ages on average. On the flip side, Saudi Arabia had the lowest current retirement age at only 47 years with full pension benefits. Only Türkiye at 52 years was close, and notably both had much higher effective retirement ages on average.
Discrepancies between different regions are clear across the board. Many Asian countries including China, India, and South Korea have official minimum retirement ages in the early 60s and late 50s, but see workers stay in the workforce well into their late 60s. Meanwhile, most European countries as well as the U.S. and Canada have more workers retire earlier than minimum retirement ages on average.
Almost all of the countries with measured effective retirement ages for women also saw them exit the workforce earlier than men. This can be the result of cultural gender norms, labor force participation rates, and even the setup of pension systems in different countries.
The five exceptions in the dataset where women retired later than men? Argentina, Estonia, Finland, France, and Luxembourg.
Looking to the Future
In 2023, France sparked controversy by raising its early retirement age by two years. This decision triggered widespread strikes and riots and ignited debates about the balance between economic sustainability and individual well-being.
Given aging demographics in many developed countries and a continued need for labor, this isn’t expected to be the only country to reassess retirement. The OECD projects a two-year increase in the average effective retirement age by the mid-2060s.
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