Which Jobs Will Be Most Impacted by ChatGPT?
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Which Jobs Will Be Most Impacted by ChatGPT?

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Visualizing the impact of artificial intelligence on the labor market

Jobs Most Impacted by ChatGPT and Similar AI Models

On November 30, 2022, OpenAI heralded a new era of artificial intelligence (AI) by introducing ChatGPT to the world.

The AI chatbot stunned users with its human-like and thorough responses. ChatGPT could comprehend and answer a variety of different questions, make suggestions, research and write essays and briefs, and even tell jokes (amongst other tasks).

Many of these skills are used by workers in their jobs across the world, which begs the question: which jobs will be transformed, or even replaced, by generative AI in the coming future?

This infographic from Harrison Schell visualizes the March 2023 findings of OpenAI on the potential labor market impact of large language models (LLMs) and various applications of generative AI, including ChatGPT.

Methodology

The OpenAI working paper specifically examined the U.S. industries and jobs most “exposed” to large language models like GPT, which the chatbot ChatGPT operates on.

Key to the paper is the definition of what “exposed” actually means:

“A proxy for potential economic impact without distinguishing between labor-augmenting or labor-displacing effects.” – OpenAI

Thus, the results include both jobs where humans could possibly use AI to optimize their work, along with jobs that could potentially be automated altogether.

OpenAI found that 80% of the American workforce belonged to an occupation where at least 10% of their tasks can be done (or aided) by AI. One-fifth of the workforce belonged to an occupation where 50% of work tasks would be impacted by artificial intelligence.

The Jobs Most and Least at Risk of AI Disruption

Here is a list of jobs highlighted in the paper as likely to see (or already seeing) AI disruption, where AI can reduce the time to do tasks associated with the occupation by at least 50%.

Analysis was provided by a variety of human-made models as well as ChatGPT-4 models, with results from both showing below:

Jobs Categorized ByAI Exposure
AccountantsAI100%
Admin and legal assistantsAI100%
Climate change policy analystsAI100%
Reporters & journalistsAI100%
MathematiciansHuman & AI100%
Tax preparersHuman 100%
Financial analystsHuman100%
Writers & authorsHuman100%
Web designersHuman100%
Blockchain engineersAI97.1%
Court reportersAI96.4%
ProofreadersAI95.5%
Correspondence clerksAI95.2%
Survey researchersHuman84.0%
Interpreters/translatorsHuman82.4%
PR specialistsHuman80.6%
Animal scientistsHuman77.8%

Editor’s note: The paper only highlights some jobs impacted. One AI model found a list of 84 additional jobs that were “fully exposed”, but not all were listed. One human model found 15 additional “fully exposed” jobs that were not listed.

Generally, jobs that require repetitive tasks, some level of data analysis, and routine decision-making were found to face the highest risk of exposure.

Perhaps unsurprisingly, “information processing industries” that involve writing, calculating, and high-level analysis have a higher exposure to LLM-based artificial intelligence. However, science and critical-thinking jobs within those industries negatively correlate with AI exposure.

On the flipside, not every job is likely to be affected. Here’s a list of jobs that are likely least exposed to large language model AI disruption.

Jobs Least Exposed to AI
AthletesShort-order cooks
Large equipment operatorsBarbers/hair stylists
Glass installers & repairersDredge operators
Automotive mechanicsPower-line installers/repairers
Masons, carpenters, roofersOil field maintenance workers
Plumbers, painters, pipefittersServers, dishwashers, bartenders

Naturally, hands-on industries like manufacturing, mining, and agriculture were more protected, but still include information processing roles at risk.

Likewise, the in-person service industry is also expected to see minimal impact from these kinds of AI models. But, patterns are beginning to emerge for job-seekers and industries that may have to contend with artificial intelligence soon.

Artificial Intelligence Impacts on Different Levels of Jobs

OpenAI analyzed correlations between AI exposure in the labor market against a job’s requisite education level, wages, and job-training.

The paper found that jobs with higher wages have a higher exposure to LLM-based AI (though there were numerous low-wage jobs with high exposure as well).

Job ParameterAI Exposure Correlation
WagesDirect
EducationDirect
TrainingInverse

Professionals with higher education degrees also appeared to be more greatly exposed to AI impact, compared to those without.

However, occupations with a greater level of on-the-job training had the least amount of work tasks exposed, compared to those jobs with little-to-no training.

Will AI’s Impact on the Job Market Be Good or Bad?

The potential impact of ChatGPT and similar AI-driven models on individual job titles depends on several factors, including the nature of the job, the level of automation that is possible, and the exact tasks required.

However, while certain repetitive and predictable tasks can be automated, others that require intangibles like creative input, understanding cultural nuance, reading social cues, or executing good judgement cannot be fully hands-off yet.

And keep in mind that AI exposure isn’t limited to job replacement. Job transformation, with workers utilizing the AI to speed up or improve tasks output, is extremely likely in many of these scenarios. Already, there are employment ads for “AI Whisperers” who can effectively optimize automated responses from generalist AI.

As the AI arms race moves forward at a rapid pace rarely seen before in the history of technology, it likely won’t take long for us to see the full impact of ChatGPT and other LLMs on both jobs and the economy.

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This article was published as a part of Visual Capitalist's Creator Program, which features data-driven visuals from some of our favorite Creators around the world.

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Ranked: The Biggest AI Funding Rounds of 2025 So Far

See the biggest AI deals of 2025 so far, including multi-billion dollar raises from OpenAI, Scale, and xAI.

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The Biggest AI Funding Rounds of 2025 So Far

This was originally posted on our Voronoi app. Download the app for free on iOS or Android and discover incredible data-driven charts from a variety of trusted sources.

Key Takeaways

  • OpenAI is dominating 2025’s funding landscape, raising significantly more than any other company on the list
  • Scale secured the second-largest round through a deal with Meta, which took a 49% non-voting stake in the company and recruited Scale CEO Alexandr Wang to lead its new superintelligence division

In just the first half of 2025, AI startups have secured eye-popping investment, reflecting increasing confidence in the technology’s transformative potential.

In this graphic, we visualize the biggest AI deals of 2025 as of July 8. This ranking highlights who received the most capital, as well as which investors are shaping the next wave of AI innovation.

Editor’s Note:

Data & Discussion

The data for this visualization was compiled by BestBrokers.com. It ranks the top 10 AI funding rounds of 2025 by deal value, alongside company valuations and notable investors.

CompanyDeal ValueCompany ValuationInvestor(s)
OpenAI$40B$300BMicrosoft
SoftBank Group
Founders Fund
Magnetar Capital
Scale AI$14.3B$29BMeta
xAI$10B$80B pre raiseMorgan Stanley
Others unannounced
Anthropic$3.50B$61.5BLightspeed Venture Partners
Salesforce Ventures
Alphabet
Infinite Reality$3.00B$15.5BSky Sports
T-Mobile Ventures
World Wrestling Entertainment
Safe Superintelligence$2.00B$32BGreenoaks
Alphabet
Andreessen Horowitz
Groq$1.50B$2.8BKingdom of Saudi Arabia
Anysphere$900M$9BThrive Capital
Accel
Andreessen Horowitz
Lambda$480M$2.5BAndrej Karpathy
NVIDIA
ARK Invest
Fincadia Advisors
Runway$310M$3BGeneral Atlantic
Baillie Gifford
Fidelity Investments
NVIDIA

OpenAI Continues to Lead

At the top of the list is OpenAI, with a massive $40 billion funding round that puts its valuation at $300 billion.

The round is backed by names like Microsoft and SoftBank, but has a major stipulation: OpenAI must transition from its current hybrid nonprofit structure to a fully independent for-profit entity by Dec. 31, 2025.

Shortly after the deal was announced, OpenAI stated it would remain under the control of its nonprofit parent, while restructuring its for-profit arm to be able to raise more capital. Lead investor, SoftBank, says it will reduce its contribution to $20 billion from $30 billion if the transition does not happen on schedule.

Scale AI’s Strategic Expansion with Meta

Meta invested $14.3 billion in ScaleAI in June 2025, acquiring a 49% non-voting stake and increasing the firm’s valuation to $29 billion.

Critically, the deal means Scale CEO Alexandr Wang will transition to Meta to co-lead its Superintelligence Lab, a newly created AI division that will centralize Meta’s AI research and development.

Specialized Startups Raise Billions

Lesser known startups like Infinite Reality and Safe Superintelligence also secured multibillion-dollar rounds.

Infinite Reality, which has raised $3 billion so far this year, is capitalizing on the growing demand for immersive experiences. The company builds virtual environments that integrate entertainment, e-commerce, and social interaction—targeting brands and creators looking to engage audiences in novel digital spaces.

Safe Superintelligence, on the other hand, focuses on AI alignment and long-term safety. Founded by ex-OpenAI researchers, the startup is pursuing a focused mission: building a superintelligence that is safe by design.

Learn More on the Voronoi App

If you enjoyed today’s post, check out Global Unicorn Hotspots in 2025 on Voronoi, the new app from Visual Capitalist.

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