Misc
The 24 Universal Character Strengths, in One Graphic
The 24 Universal Character Strengths
The study of personality is one of the most commonly researched areas in psychology.
In the 1990s, Dr. Martin Seligman and Dr. Christopher Peterson began examining the best qualities in people. After several years of research, they identified 24 character strengths universally found in everyone. When individuals build on these strengths, research finds, it can improve their quality of life.
This graphic shows the 24 universal strengths from the VIA Institute on Character.
A Closer Look at the 24 Strengths
The VIA’s research grouped 24 universal strengths into six main categories referred to as virtues.
Seligman found that these virtues were seen across cultures and history, and the spectrum of character strengths are a form of living out various virtues.
Interestingly, what they found was that each of these strengths of character can emerge through effort—instead of being fixed qualities found in a person.
Category | Strengths |
---|---|
🦁 Courage | Enthusiasm Integrity Bravery |
🧠 Knowledge/Wisdom | Curiosity Creativity Open-Mindedness Love of Learning Perspective |
⚖️ Justice | Teamwork Fairness Leadership |
🙇♂️ Temperance | Forgiveness Humility Prudence Self-Control |
🌌 Transcendence | Purpose Humor Optimism Gratitude Appreciation of Beauty |
🌍 Humanity | Kindness Social Intelligence Love |
The above strengths were also shown to be broadly stable in individuals over time. However, the most malleable strengths were humor, prudence, and spirituality.
Increasing hope, zest, love, and curiosity was found to have the strongest impact on boosting life-satisfaction, based on a study of almost 16,000 people.
Separately, studies showed that curiosity and perseverance are shown to be the most predictive for goal-attainment over time, while self-regulation in parents is associated with higher life satisfaction in their children—but not among themselves.
But some studies have noted flaws with the six-virtue model proposed for organizing character strengths, including some fitting into multiple virtues. Instead, there have been propositions for grouping strengths by five factors, four, and even just one factor such as a global character trait.
How Character Strengths Impact Decision-Making
People’s different strengths may also play a role in different types of decision-making.
When examining types of cognitive styles, we can see that some people use analytical reasoning versus decisions based on intuition. Those using an analytical approach have been shown to use things like cost-benefit analysis and rational reasoning. One study shows that people who relied on this style had a stronger correlation to self-control.
By contrast, those who rely on intuition are comparatively more prosocial and were shown to have a higher correlation with caring traits.
Interestingly, leadership traits were shown to be more complex, correlating to both analytical and intuitive decision-making styles.
Mining
The Biggest Salt Producing Countries in 2023
In this graphic, we break down global salt production in 2023. China is currently the top producer, accounting for almost 20% of output.
The Biggest Salt Producing Countries in 2023
This was originally posted on our Voronoi app. Download the app for free on iOS or Android and discover incredible data-driven charts from a variety of trusted sources.
Humanity has utilized salt for thousands of years, dating back to ancient civilizations. The U.S. alone consumes more than 48 million tonnes of salt per year.
In this graphic, we break down global salt production in 2023, measured in tonnes. These estimates come from the U.S. Geological Survey’s latest commodity report on salt.
Ample Supply
Salt is essential for human life, serving various purposes including food preservation, flavor enhancement, industrial processes, and health maintenance. The good news is that the world’s continental resources of salt are vast, and the salt content in the oceans is nearly unlimited.
China is currently the top producer of salt, with almost 20% of the output, followed by the U.S. (15%) and India (11%).
Country | Production (tonnes) |
---|---|
🇨🇳 China | 53,000,000 |
🇺🇸 United States | 42,000,000 |
🇮🇳 India | 30,000,000 |
🇩🇪 Germany | 15,000,000 |
🇦🇺 Australia | 14,000,000 |
🇨🇦 Canada | 12,000,000 |
🇨🇱 Chile | 9,200,000 |
🇲🇽 Mexico | 9,000,000 |
🇹🇷 Turkey | 9,000,000 |
🇷🇺 Russia | 7,000,000 |
🇧🇷 Brazil | 6,600,000 |
Rest of world | 67,000,000 |
Global total | 273,800,000 |
The global salt market was valued at $32.6 billion in 2022.
It’s projected to grow from $34.1 billion in 2023 to $48.6 billion by 2030, with a CAGR of 5.2% during the forecast period. This suggests a surprising amount of growth for what is one of the world’s oldest and most common commodities.
Facts About the U.S. Salt Industry
In the U.S., salt is produced by 25 companies, which operate 63 plants across 16 states.
The states that produce the most salt are Kansas, Louisiana, Michigan, New York, Ohio, Texas, and Utah. Altogether, these states account for 95% of domestic production.
The primary uses of salt in the U.S. are highway de-icing (41%), chemical production (38%), and food processing (10%).
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