Investor Education
The Warren Buffett Empire in One Giant Chart
Most people know Berkshire Hathaway as the massive conglomerate that serves as the investment vehicle for Warren Buffett’s $83 billion fortune. However, far fewer people know what this giant does, and how it actually makes its money!
The Warren Buffett Series
Part 3: The Warren Buffett Empire
Today’s infographic breaks down the many companies and investments that Berkshire Hathaway owns.
It’s the third part of the Warren Buffett Series, which we’ve done in partnership with finder.com, a personal finance site that helps people make better decisions – whether they want to jump on the cryptocurrency craze or follow Buffett’s more traditional path to financial success.
Explore the full-screen version of this graphic
The Warren Buffett Empire in One Giant Chart
This giant infographic is best viewed using the full-size version. Also, don’t forget to check out Part 1 and Part 2 of our Warren Buffett Series.
If you look at any ranking of the world’s richest people, you will notice that most of the names derive their wealth from building individual, successful companies.
Topping today’s rich list is Jeff Bezos, who started Amazon in 1994. Further down, you see familiar names like Bill Gates (Microsoft), Amancio Ortega (Zara), Mark Zuckerberg (Facebook), Larry Ellison (Oracle), and so on.
Warren Buffett, who appears third on such a list, is completely unique in this sense. Through his holding company Berkshire Hathaway, he has bought, sold, or invested in hundreds of companies over the years, and their industries are all over the map. These investments include consumer goods companies like Coca-Cola, daily national newspapers like The Washington Post, and insurance companies like GEICO.
Buffett currently owns 36.8% of Berkshire – and at the time of publishing, Berkshire Hathaway is worth an impressive $480 billion, employing 377,000 people across many different industries.
Origin Story
Although Berkshire Hathaway is today associated with Buffett and his long-time partner Charlie Munger, the origins of the company actually stem from 1839.
The original company was a textile mill in Rhode Island, and by 1948 Berkshire employed 11,000 people and brought in $29.5 million in revenue (about $300 million in today’s dollars).
After Berkshire’s stock began to decline in the late 1950s, Buffett saw value in the company and started accumulating shares. By 1964, Buffett wanted out, and the company’s CEO Seabury Stanton tendered an offer to buy Buffett’s shares for $11.37, which was $0.13 less than he had promised.
This made Buffett mad, and instead of taking the offer, he opted to buy more shares. Eventually he took control of the company and fired Stanton.
The company was his, and the rest is history.
The Scoreboard
In the long-running contest of Warren Buffett vs. the market, the scoreboard isn’t even close:
Berkshire Hathaway | S&P 500 | |
---|---|---|
Total gain (1964-2017) | 2,404,748% | 15,508% |
Compound annualized gain | 20.9% | 9.9% |
Source: BH Annual Report. BH’s market value is after-tax, and S&P 500 is pre-tax, including dividends.
If you’re wondering how Warren Buffett developed such an impressive investing record, it’s worth seeing Part 2 of this series: Inside Buffett’s Brain.
Revenue by Business Segments
The Warren Buffett Empire is diverse, and made up of hundreds of companies in different industries.
However, segmenting by revenue does give an idea of how Berkshire makes its money:
Revenue (Billions, 2017) | % of Total | |
---|---|---|
Insurance | $65.5 | 27% |
BNSF | $21.4 | 9% |
Berkshire Hathaway Energy | $18.9 | 8% |
Manufacturing | $50.4 | 21% |
McLane Company | $49.8 | 21% |
Service and Retailing | $26.3 | 11% |
Finance | $8.4 | 3% |
Total | $240.7 | 100% |
The Berkshire Portfolio
Berkshire Hathaway’s portfolio can be broken down into two categories: the companies it owns outright (or majority stakes in), and the companies it owns significant investments in.
Companies Owned by Berkshire
Berkshire Hathaway owns well-known brands ranging from Dairy Queen to Duracell. Here are all those companies listed by number of employees:
Industry | Company | Employees |
---|---|---|
Finance | Clayton Homes | 16,362 |
Insurance | GEICO | 38,690 |
Manufacturing | Precision Castparts | 31,984 |
Manufacturing | Fruit of the Loom | 26,219 |
Manufacturing | Shaw Industries | 21,867 |
Manufacturing | The Marmon Group | 12,763 |
Manufacturing | Forest River | 12,185 |
Manufacturing | Duracell | 2,875 |
Manufacturing | Benjamin Moore | 1,772 |
Manufacturing | Russell Athletic | 1,020 |
Manufacturing | Brooks Sports | 638 |
Railroad and Utilities | BNSF Railways | 41,000 |
Railroad and Utilities | Berkshire Hathaway Energy | 22,773 |
Service and Retailing | McLane Company | 23,859 |
Service and Retailing | NetJets | 6,314 |
Service and Retailing | BH Media Group | 3,719 |
Service and Retailing | See’s Candies | 2,439 |
Service and Retailing | Helzberg Diamonds | 2,252 |
Service and Retailing | The Buffalo News | 618 |
Service and Retailing | Business Wire | 486 |
Service and Retailing | Dairy Queen | 464 |
n/a | Berkshire Hathaway Corporate Office | 26 |
n/a | Other | 106,966 |
Total | 377,291 |
Importantly, you’ll notice that there are only 26 employees in Berkshire Hathaway’s corporate office – that’s because Buffett is adamant that portfolio companies need to be well-managed in their own right, and he thinks this decentralization is a key to his success.
Investments
Here are the companies Berkshire Hathaway has significant investments in – the whole portfolio is worth nearly $200 billion:
Company | Value (Billions) | % of Portfolio |
---|---|---|
Apple | 28.0 | 14.6% |
Wells Fargo | 27.8 | 14.5% |
Kraft Heinz | 25.3 | 13.2% |
Bank of America | 20.0 | 10.5% |
Coca Cola | 18.4 | 9.6% |
American Express | 15.1 | 7.9% |
Phillips 66 | 8.2 | 4.3% |
U.S. Bancorp | 4.7 | 2.5% |
Moody's | 3.6 | 1.9% |
Bank of NY Mellon | 3.3 | 1.7% |
Southwest Airlines | 3.1 | 1.6% |
Delta Airlines | 3.0 | 1.6% |
Charter Communications | 2.9 | 1.5% |
Goldman Sachs | 2.8 | 1.5% |
American Airlines | 2.4 | 1.3% |
GM | 2.0 | 1.0% |
Monsanto | 1.4 | 0.7% |
Visa | 1.2 | 0.6% |
Other | 18.0 | 9.4% |
Total | 191.2 | 100.0% |
The portfolio is pretty much a microcosm of the American economy: it features banks, airlines, consumer goods companies, and even tech behemoths like Apple.
Other Brands
Lastly, it’s worth noting that Buffett doesn’t stop there – his company also owns 80 auto dealerships, the second-largest real estate broker in the country (HomeServices of America), and even 32 daily newspapers.
Deals that Made the Empire
The Warren Buffett Empire wouldn’t exist without Buffett being involved in some of most famous deals in business history. Below are some of the big names Buffett has been involved with.
ABC
Buffett helped finance the Capital Cities takeover of ABC – at the time, the largest non-oil merger in history. Eventually, CapCities/ABC was sold to Disney.
ESPN
Before ESPN was the household name it is today, Buffett owned a big chunk of it as an upstart sports brand in 1985, as a part of the CapCities/ABC deal.
Heinz
Berkshire Hathaway and 3G Capital led a takeover of Heinz in 2013. This gave Buffett control of trusted brands like HP Sauce, Lea & Perrins, as well as the namesake brand.
Washington Post
Buffett delivered the newspaper as a kid, but later in his life would be the largest outside shareholder of the famous paper.
Salomon Brothers
Buffett helped lead a desperate shakeup at one of Wall Street’s most famous investment banks.
USAir
After almost losing all the $358 million he had invested, Buffett called buying preferred shares in the airline one of his biggest mistakes.
Gillette
Buffett started buying shares in the last 1980s, and became Gillette’s biggest shareholder. Buffett made $4.4 billion in paper profit when it sold the company to Proctor & Gamble.
Investor Education
Visualized: A Step-by-Step Guide to Tax-Loss Harvesting
In Canada, tax-loss harvesting allows investors to turn losses into tax savings. This graphic breaks down how it works in four simple steps.
A Step-by-Step Guide to Tax-Loss Harvesting
Market ups and downs can be unnerving, but the good news is that tax-loss harvesting allows investors in Canada to capture tax savings when their portfolio drops in value.
While it sounds complicated, a tax-loss harvesting strategy is actually fairly straightforward. An investor can use capital losses to offset capital gains found elsewhere in their portfolio, leading to a lower tax bill. While there are important conditions to keep in mind, investors can use this strategy to enhance portfolio returns over time by reinvesting these tax savings.
This graphic from Fidelity Investments shows how tax-loss harvesting works and why it may improve tax efficiency in an investor’s portfolio.
Breaking It Down
Consider a person who invested $50,000 in a mutual fund held in a non-registered account that has dropped by $10,000 in value. To help minimize losses, they took the following steps in a tax-loss harvesting strategy.
For the sake of this example, taxes are based on the maximum federal rate and the average maximum provincial tax rate.
- Sold investment with a $10,000 loss
- Invested $40,000 into a different mutual fund
- Used the $10,000 capital loss to offset capital gains realized elsewhere in the non-registered portfolio
- Achieved up to $2,550 in tax savings
The investor realized as much as $2,550 in tax savings by utilizing a $10,000 loss against a $10,000 capital gain. Without tax-loss harvesting, this $10,000 capital gain would be taxed at a 50% capital gains inclusion rate ($10,000 X 50% = $5,000). This $5,000 in applicable gains is then taxed at a 51% combined federal and provincial tax rate ($5,000 X 51% = $2,550 in taxes owed).
In contrast, by using tax-loss harvesting, the investor would have achieved up to $2,550 in tax savings.
What’s more, you can reinvest your tax savings over each year—which may help boost portfolio returns over time if the new investment increases in value.
Tax-Loss Harvesting Tips
With a tax-loss harvesting strategy, here are some key tips and considerations to keep in mind:
- Investment Timeline: A capital loss can be used to offset capital gains not only in the current year, but in the three years prior and/or any year indefinitely in the future.
- New Investment Type: After selling an investment that’s dropped in value, it’s important to buy a different investment to avoid triggering the ‘superficial loss rule’. Investors can aim to choose an investment with similar long-term returns.
- Plan for Year-End: In order to achieve a capital loss, plan to sell an investment at least two to three days before the year’s final trading day so the investment settles before year-end.
Together, these tips can help investors strategically execute a tax-loss harvesting strategy.
Tax Made Easier
During volatile markets, investors can seize the opportunity to turn losses into tax savings using tax-loss harvesting as a key tool to help generate higher after-tax returns.
Explore Fidelity’s tax calculator to discover tax-saving opportunities.
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