Misc
The Spiraling Opioid Epidemic in America
The Spiraling Opioid Epidemic in America
Over the last 20 years, the ongoing U.S. opioid crisis has claimed tens of thousands of lives. In fact, opioid overdose deaths accounted for nearly 70% of all drug overdose deaths in 2018.
Although the damage of the opioid epidemic is well documented, what people might not know is that it has escalated in three distinct waves.
We pull the latest statistics from the UN World Drug Report 2020 to uncover the scope of the opioid crisis in the U.S., and how national drug-related death rates compare to other countries.
Three Waves of the Opioid Crisis
According to the CDC, the opioid epidemic can be traced back to the 1990s, when opioids started being over-prescribed for pain relief purposes.
- 1990s – Wave 1
Over-prescription of opioids for pain relief, including natural opioids, semi-synthetic opioids, and methadone. Addiction risks were widely downplayed. - 2010 – Wave 2
Heroin-related overdose deaths on the rise. - 2013 – Wave 3
Synthetic opioid-related deaths on the rise, particularly fentanyl and tramadol.
Here’s how that breaks down in terms of opioid-related overdose deaths over the years. Note that by the year 2018, 67% of overdose deaths involved synthetic opioids such as fentanyl.
Year | Any opioids | Heroin | Pharmaceutical opioids | Synthetic opioids |
---|---|---|---|---|
1999 | 8,050 | 1,960 | 3,533 | 730 |
2000 | 8,407 | 1,842 | 3,903 | 782 |
2001 | 9,496 | 1,779 | 4,935 | 957 |
2002 | 11,920 | 2,089 | 6,774 | 1,295 |
2003 | 12,940 | 2,080 | 7,839 | 1,400 |
2004 | 13,756 | 1,878 | 9,076 | 1,664 |
2005 | 14,918 | 2,009 | 10,234 | 1,742 |
2006 | 17,545 | 2,088 | 12,423 | 2,707 |
2007 | 18,516 | 2,399 | 13,676 | 2,213 |
2008 | 19,582 | 3,041 | 14,043 | 2,306 |
2009 | 20,422 | 3,278 | 14,431 | 2,946 |
2010 | 21,089 | 3,036 | 15,520 | 3,007 |
2011 | 22,784 | 4,397 | 16,111 | 2,666 |
2012 | 23,166 | 5,925 | 15,072 | 2,628 |
2013 | 25,052 | 8,257 | 13,937 | 3,105 |
2014 | 28,647 | 10,574 | 15,559 | 5,544 |
2015 | 33,091 | 12,989 | 16,028 | 9,580 |
2016 | 42,249 | 15,469 | 17,860 | 19,413 |
2017 | 47,600 | 15,482 | 17,689 | 28,466 |
2018 | 46,802 | 14,996 | 15,575 | 31,335 |
Overdose deaths from synthetic opioids such as fentanyl and tramadol shot up by over 4,000% between 1999-2018. This can be attributed to two things: their relative potency, and the minute quantities of each that qualify as a lethal dose.
As per the medical and legal standard, opioids are often compared to morphine. To that end, heroin is 2-5x stronger—while fentanyl is 50-100x more potent. Put another way, roughly a dime-size or 10-12mg of heroin is considered a lethal dose, compared to only 1-2mg of fentanyl.
What’s worse, fentanyl is typically mixed with other types of drugs such as heroin or cocaine to increase their effects, which is how it ends up unintentionally ingested. Between 2008-2017, drug-use disorders as a whole claimed the most healthy lives due to poor health or early deaths—measured in disability-adjusted life years (DALYs)—followed in close second by opioid use disorders.
The Death Toll of U.S. Drug Overdoses
It’s undeniable that the opioid epidemic in America has caused significant harm to communities. But how does the U.S. drug crisis compare to the same issue in other countries?
The UN Drug Report further puts these numbers into perspective by comparing drug-related deaths per million population. Note that the source also compiled the total deaths across years for selected countries.
Country (Latest Year) | Latest Years of Estimate | Total Deaths | Rate per 1M (Aged 15-64) |
---|---|---|---|
🇺🇸 U.S. | 2018 | 67,367 | 314.5 |
🇦🇺 Australia | 2016-2017 | 3,240 | 202.6 |
🇸🇻 El Salvador | 2018 | 765 | 184.5 |
🇨🇦 Canada | 2018 | 4,460 | 179.8 |
🇺🇾 Uruguay | 2016 | 264 | 119.4 |
🇮🇸 Iceland | 2012-2016 | 23 | 105.2 |
🇸🇪 Sweden | 2017 | 575 | 92.9 |
🇳🇿 New Zealand | 2016 | 269 | 88.6 |
🇫🇮 Finland | 2017 | 289 | 83.9 |
🇬🇧 UK | 2017 | 3,547 | 83 |
With 314.5 deaths per million, the U.S. by far had the highest proportion of drug-related deaths per million people in 2018. It also had the highest overall number at 67.4K deaths.
Elephant in the Room?
Another drug rearing its head on the streets is carfentanil. Formerly developed as ‘elephant tranquilizer’, this synthetic opioid is similar in appearance to other illicit drugs such as heroin, making it indistinguishable when mixed in. However, there’s one big problem—carfentanil is 100x more potent than fentanyl itself.
In response to the continued crisis, an additional $35.7 billion was requested for counter-drug funding efforts in the FY2021 Budget. This amount is expected to go towards prevention and treatment efforts ($18.6 billion) and law enforcement efforts ($17.1 billion) both domestically and internationally.
But will these efforts properly combat the crisis, or are we already in the midst of a fourth wave of the opioid epidemic?
Maps
Mapped: Renewable Energy and Battery Installations in the U.S. in 2023
This graphic describes new U.S. renewable energy installations by state along with nameplate capacity, planned to come online in 2023.

Renewable and Battery Installations in the U.S. in 2023
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Renewable energy, in particular solar power, is set to shine in 2023. This year, the U.S. plans to get over 80% of its new energy installations from sources like battery, solar, and wind.
The above map uses data from EIA to highlight planned U.S. renewable energy and battery storage installations by state for 2023.
Texas and California Leading in Renewable Energy
Nearly every state in the U.S. has plans to produce new clean energy in 2023, but it’s not a surprise to see the two most populous states in the lead of the pack.
Even though the majority of its power comes from natural gas, Texas currently leads the U.S. in planned renewable energy installations. The state also has plans to power nearly 900,000 homes using new wind energy.
California is second, which could be partially attributable to the passing of Title 24, an energy code that makes it compulsory for new buildings to have the equipment necessary to allow the easy installation of solar panels, battery storage, and EV charging.
New solar power in the U.S. isn’t just coming from places like Texas and California. In 2023, Ohio will add 1,917 MW of new nameplate solar capacity, with Nevada and Colorado not far behind.
Top 10 States | Battery (MW) | Solar (MW) | Wind (MW) | Total (MW) |
---|---|---|---|---|
Texas | 1,981 | 6,462 | 1,941 | 10,385 |
California | 4,555 | 4,293 | 123 | 8,970 |
Nevada | 678 | 1,596 | 0 | 2,274 |
Ohio | 12 | 1,917 | 5 | 1,934 |
Colorado | 230 | 1,187 | 200 | 1,617 |
New York | 58 | 509 | 559 | 1,125 |
Wisconsin | 4 | 939 | 92 | 1,034 |
Florida | 3 | 978 | 0 | 980 |
Kansas | 0 | 0 | 843 | 843 |
Illinois | 0 | 363 | 477 | 840 |
The state of New York is also looking to become one of the nation’s leading renewable energy providers. The New York State Energy Research & Development Authority (NYSERDA) is making real strides towards this objective with 11% of the nation’s new wind power projects expected to come online in 2023.
According to the data, New Hampshire is the only state in the U.S. that has no new utility-scale renewable energy installations planned for 2023. However, the state does have plans for a massive hydroelectric plant that should come online in 2024.
Decarbonizing Energy
Renewable energy is considered essential to reduce global warming and CO2 emissions.
In line with the efforts by each state to build new renewable installations, the Biden administration has set a goal of achieving a carbon pollution-free power sector by 2035 and a net zero emissions economy by no later than 2050.
The EIA forecasts the share of U.S. electricity generation from renewable sources rising from 22% in 2022 to 23% in 2023 and to 26% in 2024.
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