Energy
Mapped: Global Energy Prices, by Country in 2022
How to use: Arrows on side navigate between each type of energy.
Mapped: Global Energy Prices, by Country in 2022
This was originally posted on Elements. Sign up to the free mailing list to get beautiful visualizations on natural resource megatrends in your email every week.
For some countries, energy prices hit historic levels in 2022.
Gasoline, electricity, and natural gas prices skyrocketed as Russia’s invasion of Ukraine ruptured global energy supply chains. Households and businesses are facing higher energy bills amid extreme price volatility. Uncertainty surrounding the war looms large, and winter heating costs are projected to soar.
Given the global consequences of the energy crisis, the above infographic shows the price of energy for households by country, with data from GlobalPetrolPrices.com.
1. Global Energy Prices: Gasoline
Which countries and regions pay the most for a gallon of gas?
Rank | Country/ Region | Gasoline Prices (USD per Gallon) |
---|---|---|
1 | 🇭🇰 Hong Kong | $11.1 |
2 | 🇨🇫 Central African Republic | $8.6 |
3 | 🇮🇸 Iceland | $8.5 |
4 | 🇳🇴 Norway | $8.1 |
5 | 🇧🇧 Barbados | $7.8 |
6 | 🇩🇰 Denmark | $7.7 |
7 | 🇬🇷 Greece | $7.6 |
8 | 🇫🇮 Finland | $7.6 |
9 | 🇳🇱 Netherlands | $7.6 |
10 | 🇧🇪 Belgium | $7.4 |
11 | 🇬🇧 United Kingdom | $7.2 |
12 | 🇪🇪 Estonia | $7.2 |
13 | 🇨🇭 Switzerland | $7.2 |
14 | 🇸🇬 Singapore | $7.2 |
15 | 🇸🇪 Sweden | $7.1 |
16 | 🇸🇨 Seychelles | $7.1 |
17 | 🇮🇱 Israel | $7.0 |
18 | 🇩🇪 Germany | $7.0 |
19 | 🇺🇾 Uruguay | $7.0 |
20 | 🇼🇫 Wallis and Futuna | $7.0 |
21 | 🇱🇮 Liechtenstein | $6.9 |
22 | 🇮🇪 Ireland | $6.8 |
23 | 🇵🇹 Portugal | $6.8 |
24 | 🇱🇻 Latvia | $6.7 |
25 | 🇧🇿 Belize | $6.7 |
26 | 🇦🇱 Albania | $6.6 |
27 | 🇦🇹 Austria | $6.6 |
28 | 🇲🇨 Monaco | $6.6 |
29 | 🇪🇸 Spain | $6.5 |
30 | 🇨🇿 Czech Republic | $6.5 |
31 | 🇲🇼 Malawi | $6.5 |
32 | 🇰🇾 Cayman Islands | $6.4 |
33 | 🇸🇰 Slovakia | $6.4 |
34 | 🇲🇺 Mauritius | $6.3 |
35 | 🇱🇺 Luxembourg | $6.3 |
36 | 🇱🇹 Lithuania | $6.3 |
37 | 🇦🇩 Andorra | $6.3 |
38 | 🇮🇹 Italy | $6.3 |
39 | 🇺🇬 Uganda | $6.2 |
40 | 🇭🇺 Hungary | $6.2 |
41 | 🇯🇴 Jordan | $6.2 |
42 | 🇸🇾 Syria | $6.1 |
43 | 🇫🇷 France | $6.0 |
44 | 🇧🇮 Burundi | $6.0 |
45 | 🇧🇸 Bahamas | $6.0 |
46 | 🇳🇿 New Zealand | $5.8 |
47 | 🇸🇲 San Marino | $5.8 |
48 | 🇭🇷 Croatia | $5.8 |
49 | 🇷🇴 Romania | $5.7 |
50 | 🇾🇹 Mayotte | $5.7 |
51 | 🇷🇼 Rwanda | $5.7 |
52 | 🇿🇲 Zambia | $5.7 |
53 | 🇷🇸 Serbia | $5.7 |
54 | 🇱🇦 Laos | $5.6 |
55 | 🇲🇳 Mongolia | $5.6 |
56 | 🇰🇪 Kenya | $5.6 |
57 | 🇨🇾 Cyprus | $5.6 |
58 | 🇯🇲 Jamaica | $5.5 |
59 | 🇲🇰 Northern Macedonia | $5.5 |
60 | 🇨🇱 Chile | $5.5 |
61 | 🇧🇦 Bosnia | $5.5 |
62 | 🇱🇨 Saint Lucia | $5.4 |
63 | 🇵🇱 Poland | $5.4 |
64 | 🇩🇴 Dominican Republic | $5.4 |
65 | 🇨🇦 Canada | $5.4 |
66 | 🇲🇦 Morocco | $5.4 |
67 | 🇦🇼 Aruba | $5.4 |
68 | 🇸🇮 Slovenia | $5.3 |
69 | 🇧🇬 Bulgaria | $5.3 |
70 | 🇵🇪 Peru | $5.3 |
71 | 🇱🇰 Sri Lanka | $5.3 |
72 | 🇨🇷 Costa Rica | $5.2 |
73 | 🇲🇬 Madagascar | $5.2 |
74 | 🇬🇳 Guinea | $5.2 |
75 | 🇳🇵 Nepal | $5.2 |
76 | 🇲🇿 Mozambique | $5.2 |
77 | 🇳🇮 Nicaragua | $5.2 |
78 | 🇲🇱 Mali | $5.1 |
79 | 🇸🇳 Senegal | $5.1 |
80 | 🇺🇦 Ukraine | $5.1 |
81 | 🇩🇲 Dominica | $5.0 |
82 | 🇲🇪 Montenegro | $5.0 |
83 | 🇲🇹 Malta | $5.0 |
84 | 🇲🇩 Moldova | $5.0 |
85 | 🇨🇩 DR Congo | $5.0 |
86 | 🇨🇼 Curacao | $4.9 |
87 | 🇨🇻 Cape Verde | $4.9 |
88 | 🇧🇩 Bangladesh | $4.9 |
89 | 🇱🇷 Liberia | $4.8 |
90 | 🇰🇭 Cambodia | $4.8 |
91 | 🇮🇳 India | $4.8 |
92 | 🇨🇺 Cuba | $4.8 |
93 | 🇭🇳 Honduras | $4.7 |
94 | 🇬🇪 Georgia | $4.7 |
95 | 🇿🇦 South Africa | $4.7 |
96 | 🇹🇿 Tanzania | $4.7 |
97 | 🇫🇯 Fiji | $4.7 |
98 | 🇨🇳 China | $4.7 |
99 | 🇲🇽 Mexico | $4.6 |
100 | 🇬🇹 Guatemala | $4.6 |
Source: GlobalPetrolPrices.com. As of October 31, 2022. Represents average household prices.
At an average $11.10 per gallon, households in Hong Kong pay the highest for gasoline in the world—more than double the global average. Both high gas taxes and steep land costs are primary factors behind high gas prices.
Like Hong Kong, the Central African Republic has high gas costs, at $8.60 per gallon. As a net importer of gasoline, the country has faced increased price pressures since the war in Ukraine.
Households in Iceland, Norway, and Denmark face the highest gasoline costs in Europe. Overall, Europe has seen inflation hit 10% in September, driven by the energy crisis.
2. Global Energy Prices: Electricity
Extreme volatility is also being seen in electricity prices.
The majority of the highest household electricity prices are in Europe, where Denmark, Germany, and Belgium’s prices are about double that of France and Greece. For perspective, electricity prices in many countries in Europe are more than twice or three times the global average of $0.14 per kilowatt-hour.
Over the first quarter of 2022, household electricity prices in the European Union jumped 32% compared to the year before.
Rank | Country/ Region | Electricity Prices (kWh, USD) |
---|---|---|
1 | 🇩🇰 Denmark | $0.46 |
2 | 🇩🇪 Germany | $0.44 |
3 | 🇧🇪 Belgium | $0.41 |
4 | 🇧🇲 Bermuda | $0.40 |
5 | 🇰🇾 Cayman Islands | $0.35 |
6 | 🇯🇲 Jamaica | $0.34 |
7 | 🇬🇧 United Kingdom | $0.32 |
8 | 🇪🇸 Spain | $0.32 |
9 | 🇳🇱 Netherlands | $0.32 |
10 | 🇧🇧 Barbados | $0.32 |
11 | 🇪🇪 Estonia | $0.32 |
12 | 🇱🇹 Lithuania | $0.31 |
13 | 🇦🇹 Austria | $0.31 |
14 | 🇮🇹 Italy | $0.30 |
15 | 🇨🇿 Czech Republic | $0.29 |
16 | 🇨🇻 Cape Verde | $0.28 |
17 | 🇮🇪 Ireland | $0.28 |
18 | 🇸🇪 Sweden | $0.27 |
19 | 🇧🇸 Bahamas | $0.26 |
20 | 🇬🇹 Guatemala | $0.26 |
21 | 🇱🇮 Liechtenstein | $0.26 |
22 | 🇨🇾 Cyprus | $0.25 |
23 | 🇷🇼 Rwanda | $0.25 |
24 | 🇭🇳 Honduras | $0.24 |
25 | 🇺🇾 Uruguay | $0.24 |
26 | 🇵🇹 Portugal | $0.24 |
27 | 🇸🇻 El Salvador | $0.23 |
28 | 🇱🇻 Latvia | $0.22 |
29 | 🇫🇮 Finland | $0.22 |
30 | 🇱🇺 Luxembourg | $0.22 |
31 | 🇧🇿 Belize | $0.22 |
32 | 🇯🇵 Japan | $0.22 |
33 | 🇨🇭 Switzerland | $0.22 |
34 | 🇵🇪 Peru | $0.21 |
35 | 🇰🇪 Kenya | $0.21 |
36 | 🇦🇺 Australia | $0.21 |
37 | 🇧🇷 Brazil | $0.20 |
38 | 🇲🇱 Mali | $0.20 |
39 | 🇸🇬 Singapore | $0.19 |
40 | 🇷🇴 Romania | $0.19 |
41 | 🇧🇫 Burkina Faso | $0.19 |
42 | 🇸🇮 Slovenia | $0.19 |
43 | 🇬🇦 Gabon | $0.19 |
44 | 🇸🇰 Slovakia | $0.19 |
45 | 🇦🇼 Aruba | $0.19 |
46 | 🇬🇷 Greece | $0.19 |
47 | 🇫🇷 France | $0.18 |
48 | 🇳🇿 New Zealand | $0.18 |
49 | 🇹🇬 Togo | $0.18 |
50 | 🇳🇮 Nicaragua | $0.17 |
51 | 🇻🇪 Venezuela | $0.17 |
52 | 🇵🇦 Panama | $0.17 |
53 | 🇵🇭 Philippines | $0.17 |
54 | 🇵🇱 Poland | $0.17 |
55 | 🇮🇱 Israel | $0.16 |
56 | 🇺🇲 U.S. | $0.16 |
57 | 🇺🇬 Uganda | $0.16 |
58 | 🇭🇰 Hong Kong | $0.16 |
59 | 🇸🇳 Senegal | $0.16 |
60 | 🇲🇴 Macao | $0.15 |
61 | 🇨🇱 Chile | $0.15 |
62 | 🇰🇭 Cambodia | $0.15 |
63 | 🇿🇦 South Africa | $0.14 |
64 | 🇲🇺 Mauritius | $0.14 |
65 | 🇲🇬 Madagascar | $0.14 |
66 | 🇭🇷 Croatia | $0.14 |
67 | 🇮🇸 Iceland | $0.14 |
68 | 🇳🇴 Norway | $0.13 |
69 | 🇲🇹 Malta | $0.13 |
70 | 🇲🇿 Mozambique | $0.13 |
71 | 🇨🇴 Colombia | $0.13 |
72 | 🇧🇬 Bulgaria | $0.12 |
73 | 🇲🇻 Maldives | $0.12 |
74 | 🇨🇷 Costa Rica | $0.12 |
75 | 🇨🇦 Canada | $0.11 |
76 | 🇲🇼 Malawi | $0.11 |
77 | 🇨🇮 Ivory Coast | $0.11 |
78 | 🇳🇦 Namibia | $0.11 |
79 | 🇲🇦 Morocco | $0.11 |
80 | 🇹🇭 Thailand | $0.10 |
81 | 🇦🇲 Armenia | $0.10 |
82 | 🇯🇴 Jordan | $0.10 |
83 | 🇹🇿 Tanzania | $0.10 |
84 | 🇸🇿 Swaziland | $0.10 |
85 | 🇪🇨 Ecuador | $0.10 |
86 | 🇧🇼 Botswana | $0.10 |
87 | 🇩🇴 Dominican Republic | $0.10 |
88 | 🇲🇰 Northern Macedonia | $0.10 |
89 | 🇦🇱 Albania | $0.10 |
90 | 🇱🇸 Lesotho | $0.09 |
91 | 🇸🇱 Sierra Leone | $0.09 |
92 | 🇮🇩 Indonesia | $0.09 |
93 | 🇧🇾 Belarus | $0.09 |
94 | 🇭🇺 Hungary | $0.09 |
95 | 🇧🇦 Bosnia & Herzegovina | $0.09 |
96 | 🇹🇼 Taiwan | $0.09 |
97 | 🇰🇷 South Korea | $0.09 |
98 | 🇲🇽 Mexico | $0.09 |
99 | 🇷🇸 Serbia | $0.09 |
100 | 🇨🇩 DR Congo | $0.08 |
Source: GlobalPetrolPrices.com. As of March 31, 2022. Represents average household prices.
In the U.S., consumer electricity prices have increased nearly 16% annually compared to September last year, the highest increase in over four decades, fueling higher inflation.
However, households are more sheltered from the impact of Russian supply disruptions due to the U.S. being a net exporter of energy.
3. Global Energy Prices: Natural Gas
Eight of the 10 highest natural gas prices globally fall in Europe, with the Netherlands at the top. Overall, European natural gas prices have spiked sixfold in a year since the invasion of Ukraine.
Rank | Country/ Region | Natural Gas Prices (kWh, USD) |
---|---|---|
1 | 🇳🇱 Netherlands | $0.41 |
2 | 🇸🇪 Sweden | $0.24 |
3 | 🇩🇪 Germany | $0.21 |
4 | 🇧🇷 Brazil | $0.20 |
5 | 🇩🇰 Denmark | $0.19 |
6 | 🇪🇸 Spain | $0.17 |
7 | 🇮🇹 Italy | $0.16 |
8 | 🇦🇹 Austria | $0.16 |
9 | 🇸🇬 Singapore | $0.15 |
10 | 🇧🇪 Belgium | $0.15 |
11 | 🇭🇰 Hong Kong | $0.14 |
12 | 🇨🇿 Czech Republic | $0.14 |
13 | 🇬🇷 Greece | $0.12 |
14 | 🇫🇷 France | $0.12 |
15 | 🇯🇵 Japan | $0.11 |
16 | 🇬🇧 United Kingdom | $0.10 |
17 | 🇨🇭 Switzerland | $0.10 |
18 | 🇨🇱 Chile | $0.10 |
19 | 🇵🇹 Portugal | $0.09 |
20 | 🇧🇧 Barbados | $0.09 |
21 | 🇵🇱 Poland | $0.09 |
22 | 🇧🇬 Bulgaria | $0.09 |
23 | 🇮🇪 Ireland | $0.08 |
24 | 🇦🇺 Australia | $0.07 |
25 | 🇲🇽 Mexico | $0.07 |
26 | 🇳🇿 New Zealand | $0.06 |
27 | 🇸🇰 Slovakia | $0.06 |
28 | 🇺🇲 U.S. | $0.05 |
29 | 🇰🇷 South Korea | $0.04 |
30 | 🇨🇴 Colombia | $0.04 |
31 | 🇨🇦 Canada | $0.03 |
32 | 🇷🇸 Serbia | $0.03 |
33 | 🇹🇼 Taiwan | $0.03 |
34 | 🇺🇦 Ukraine | $0.03 |
35 | 🇲🇾 Malaysia | $0.03 |
36 | 🇭🇺 Hungary | $0.03 |
37 | 🇹🇳 Tunisia | $0.02 |
38 | 🇦🇿 Azerbaijan | $0.01 |
39 | 🇧🇭 Bahrain | $0.01 |
40 | 🇧🇩 Bangladesh | $0.01 |
41 | 🇹🇷 Turkey | $0.01 |
42 | 🇷🇺 Russia | $0.01 |
43 | 🇦🇷 Argentina | $0.01 |
44 | 🇧🇾 Belarus | $0.01 |
45 | 🇩🇿 Algeria | $0.00 |
46 | 🇮🇷 Iran | $0.00 |
Source: GlobalPetrolPrices.com. As of March 31, 2022. Represents average household prices.
The good news is that the fall season has been relatively warm, which has helped European natural gas demand drop 22% in October compared to last year. This helps reduce the risk of gas shortages transpiring later in the winter.
Outside of Europe, Brazil has the fourth highest natural gas prices globally, despite producing about half of supply domestically. High costs of cooking gas have been especially challenging for low-income families, which became a key political issue in the run-up to the presidential election in October.
Meanwhile, Singapore has the highest natural gas prices in Asia as the majority is imported via tankers or pipelines, leaving the country vulnerable to price shocks.
Increasing Competition
By December, all seaborne crude oil shipments from Russia to Europe will come to a halt, likely pushing up gasoline prices into the winter and 2023.
Concerningly, analysis from the EIA shows that European natural gas storage capacities could sink to 20% by February if Russia completely shuts off its supply and demand is not reduced.
As Europe seeks out alternatives to Russian energy, higher demand could increase global competition for fuel sources, driving up prices for energy in the coming months ahead.
Still, there is some room for optimism: the World Bank projects energy prices will decline 11% in 2023 after the 60% rise seen after the war in Ukraine in 2022.
Energy
Visualizing the Scale of Global Fossil Fuel Production
How much oil, coal, and natural gas do we extract each year? See the scale of annual fossil fuel production in perspective.

The Scale of Global Fossil Fuel Production
This was originally posted on Elements. Sign up to the free mailing list to get beautiful visualizations on natural resource megatrends in your email every week.
Fossil fuels have been our predominant source of energy for over a century, and the world still extracts and consumes a colossal amount of coal, oil, and gas every year.
This infographic visualizes the volume of global fossil fuel production in 2021 using data from BP’s Statistical Review of World Energy.
The Facts on Fossil Fuels
In 2021, the world produced around 8 billion tonnes of coal, 4 billion tonnes of oil, and over 4 trillion cubic meters of natural gas.
Most of the coal is used to generate electricity for our homes and offices and has a key role in steel production. Similarly, natural gas is a large source of electricity and heat for industries and buildings. Oil is primarily used by the transportation sector, in addition to petrochemical manufacturing, heating, and other end uses.
Here’s a full breakdown of coal, oil, and gas production by country in 2021.
Coal Production
If all the coal produced in 2021 were arranged in a cube, it would measure 2,141 meters (2.1km) on each side—more than 2.5 times the height of the world’s tallest building.
China produced 50% or more than four billion tonnes of the world’s coal in 2021. It’s also the largest consumer of coal, accounting for 54% of coal consumption in 2021.
Rank | Country | 2021 Coal Production (million tonnes) | % of Total |
---|---|---|---|
#1 | 🇨🇳 China | 4,126.0 | 50% |
#2 | 🇮🇳 India | 811.3 | 10% |
#3 | 🇮🇩 Indonesia | 614.0 | 8% |
#4 | 🇺🇸 U.S. | 524.4 | 6% |
#5 | 🇦🇺 Australia | 478.6 | 6% |
#6 | 🇷🇺 Russia | 433.7 | 5% |
#7 | 🇿🇦 South Africa | 234.5 | 3% |
#8 | 🇩🇪 Germany | 126.0 | 2% |
#9 | 🇰🇿 Kazakhstan | 115.7 | 1% |
#10 | 🇵🇱 Poland | 107.6 | 1% |
🌍 Other | 600.9 | 7% | |
Total | 8,172.6 | 100% |
India is both the second largest producer and consumer of coal. Meanwhile, Indonesia is the world’s largest coal exporter, followed by Australia.
In the West, U.S. coal production was down 47% as compared to 2011 levels, and the descent is likely to continue with the clean energy transition.
Oil Production
In 2021, the United States, Russia, and Saudi Arabia were the three largest crude oil producers, respectively.
Rank | Country | 2021 Oil Production (million tonnes) | % of Total |
---|---|---|---|
#1 | 🇺🇸 U.S. | 711.1 | 17% |
#2 | 🇷🇺 Russia | 536.4 | 13% |
#3 | 🇸🇦 Saudi Arabia | 515.0 | 12% |
#4 | 🇨🇦 Canada | 267.1 | 6% |
#5 | 🇮🇶 Iraq | 200.8 | 5% |
#6 | 🇨🇳 China | 198.9 | 5% |
#7 | 🇮🇷 Iran | 167.7 | 4% |
#8 | 🇦🇪 UAE | 164.4 | 4% |
#9 | 🇧🇷 Brazil | 156.8 | 4% |
#10 | 🇰🇼 Kuwait | 131.1 | 3% |
🌍 Other | 1172.0 | 28% | |
Total | 4221.4 | 100% |
OPEC countries, including Saudi Arabia, made up the largest share of production at 35% or 1.5 billion tonnes of oil.
U.S. oil production has seen significant growth since 2010. In 2021, the U.S. extracted 711 million tonnes of oil, more than double the 333 million tonnes produced in 2010.
Natural Gas Production
The world produced 4,036 billion cubic meters of natural gas in 2021. The above graphic converts that into an equivalent of seven billion cubic meters of liquefied natural gas (LNG) to visualize it on the same scale as oil and gas.
Here are the top 10 producers of natural gas in 2021:
Rank | Country | 2021 Natural Gas Production (billion m3) | % of Total |
---|---|---|---|
#1 | 🇺🇸 U.S. | 934.2 | 23% |
#2 | 🇷🇺 Russia | 701.7 | 17% |
#3 | 🇮🇷 Iran | 256.7 | 6% |
#4 | 🇨🇳 China | 209.2 | 5% |
#5 | 🇶🇦 Qatar | 177.0 | 4% |
#6 | 🇨🇦 Canada | 172.3 | 4% |
#7 | 🇦🇺 Australia | 147.2 | 4% |
#8 | 🇸🇦 Saudi Arabia | 117.3 | 3% |
#9 | 🇳🇴 Norway | 114.3 | 3% |
#10 | 🇩🇿 Algeria | 100.8 | 2% |
🌍 Other | 1106.3 | 27% | |
Total | 4,036.9 | 100% |
The U.S. was the largest producer, with Texas and Pennsylvania accounting for 47% of its gas production. The U.S. electric power and industrial sectors account for around one-third of domestic natural gas consumption.
Russia, the next-largest producer, was the biggest exporter of gas in 2021. It exported an estimated 210 billion cubic meters of natural gas via pipelines to Europe and China. Around 80% of Russian natural gas comes from operations in the Arctic region.
-
Datastream5 days ago
Ranked: The Top Online Music Services in the U.S. by Monthly Users
-
Automotive2 weeks ago
The Most Fuel Efficient Cars From 1975 to Today
-
Datastream3 days ago
Super-Sized Bets for Football’s Big Game (2013-2022)
-
Technology4 weeks ago
Prediction Consensus: What the Experts See Coming in 2023
-
VC+2 weeks ago
Get VC+ Before Prices Increase on February 1st
-
Technology2 days ago
Ranked: America’s 20 Biggest Tech Layoffs Since 2020
-
Energy4 weeks ago
Mapped: Biggest Sources of Electricity by State and Province
-
Economy2 weeks ago
The $16 Trillion European Union Economy