Connect with us

Markets

Ranked: Who Made the Most U.S. Unicorn Acquisitions Since 1997?

Published

on

A bubble chart visualizing the companies that made the most U.S.-based unicorn acquisitions between 1997 and 2021.

Who Made the Most U.S. Unicorn Acquisitions Since 1997?

The elusive unicorn is no longer a myth in the U.S. startup world, with over a thousand private startups reaching a $1 billion valuation in the last 25 years.

While some of these startups eventually go public and go on to become household names, it’s also common for founders to exit through mergers and acquisitions (M&A), by selling their startup to another organization. In fact, over half of the 1,110 unicorns in the U.S. have made some sort of an exitโ€”either through an IPO, a direct listing, a SPAC or an acquisitionโ€”since 1997.

Ilya Strebulaev, professor of finance and private equity at the Stanford Graduate School of Business, brings us this visualization featuring the companies that acquired the most unicorns over the last 25 years.

Strebulaev’s database lists 137 private and public companies along with PE firms whoโ€™ve acquired at least one unicorn since 1997, totaling 177 acquisitions.

The Biggest U.S. Unicorn Acquirers

In total, 27 companies have acquired two or more unicorns, accounting for nearly 38% of all acquisitions. 110 companies have acquired just one unicorn.

Company/ PE GroupAcquired
Meta5
Cisco4
Alphabet4
Amazon3
Nortel Networks3
Bristol-Myers Squibb3
Johnson & Johnson3
Merck & Co.3
AT&T3
Recruit Holdings2
IBM2
Microsoft2
Thoma Bravo2
Headspace Health2
Allergan2
Qualcomm2
Rakuten2
Adobe Systems2
Eli Lilly2
Vista Equity2
Dell2
Uber2
Oracle2
Nestle2
Lucent Technologies2
Broadcom Corporation2
GlaxoSmithKline2
BlackBerry2
Searchlight Capital Partners1
Singtel1
Vmware1
Internet Capital Group1
Hellman & Friedman1
AppLovin1
Ciena Corporation1
Redback Networks1
Aether Systems1
Fresenius Medical Care1
Electronic Arts1
Genentech1
Inktomi1
VistaJet1
Ariba1
Keurig Dr Pepper1
Fullscreen1
Sycamore Networks1
Novartis1
TP ICAP1
eBay1
DoveBid1
McKesson1
IG Group1
Empower Retirement1
Dentsply Sirona1
Novo Nordisk1
Centocor1
Bausch Health1
Dainippon Sumitomo Pharma1
Medtronic1
Mubadala Investment Company1
Cint Group1
Qualtrics1
Rocket Companies1
Saudi Arabia's PIF1
Prosus1
Cigna1
One Medical1
Exact Sciences1
Teladoc Health1
Ericsson1
SoFi1
PayPal Holdings1
Bayer1
Monsanto1
AMD1
Aurora1
Marvell International1
Bill.com1
ADC1
Dealertrack1
Cox Enterprises1
L'Oreal1
AstraZeneca1
Workday1
Iron Mountain1
Splunk1
Stonepeak1
American Express1
OfferUp1
VMware1
Ontario Teachers' Pension Plan1
Groupon1
Allstate Corporation1
LinkedIn1
SAP1
Mindbody1
Mallinckrodt1
Walmart1
GMT Communications1
Brightstar Capital1
Enterprise Holdings1
Healtheon Corporation1
Apple1
PetSmart1
Epiphany1
Rice Energy1
Unilever1
SBA Communications1
Bridgepoint Advisers1
Aurea1
Vector Capital1
FireEye1
Littlejohn & Co1
Alexion1
SoftBank Investment Advisers1
Francisco Partners1
Betfair Group1
Shift Technologies1
Hudson's Bay1
Illumina1
Hewlett Packard Enterprise1
AbbVie1
Salesforce1
Hanergy1
Teleflex1
Twilio1
Okta1
Celgene1
NantCell1
VMware & EMC Corp1
Intuit1
Yahoo!1
Netmarble Games1
F5 Networks1
Roche1
Centerbridge Partners1
Total177

Meta, the parent company of Facebook, leads the pack with the most unicorn acquisitions in the U.S., purchasing five unicorns since its founding in 2008, including: Kustomer, WhatsApp, Instagram, CTRL-Labs, and Oculus VR.

Notably, WhatsAppโ€”which closed at a purchase price of $19 billionโ€”was Metaโ€™s most expensive acquisition yet, over nine times their next most expensive purchase, Oculus VR.

Meanwhile, Alphabet (now the parent company of Google) and Cisco are tied in second place with four U.S. unicorn acquisitions each.

  • Alphabet: YouTube, Actifio, Nest Labs, Looker Data Sciences
  • Cisco: Cerent, Duo Security, AppDynamics, Jasper

Unlike its Big Tech peers, Apple has only made the one U.S. unicorn acquisition: navigation company HopStop that helped bring public transit features to Apple Maps.

Meanwhile, 56% of acquirers received venture capital funding of their own when they were private companies. This includes pack leaders like Meta, Cisco, Alphabet, and Amazon.

Are Unicorn Acquisitions Slowing Down?

Unicorn acquisitions are driven by two factors: the rate at which new unicorns are minted, and the climate for M&A transactions more broadly.

To begin with, the minting of new unicorns is largely influenced by the venture funding environment. Funding opportunities increase when interest rates go down, which makes riskier, venture-scale ideas more enticing. During the last decade of persistently low interest rates up until 2022, unicorns flourished more than ever.

Meanwhile, as tech companies like Apple, Microsoft, Alphabet, and Meta began seeing outsized profits in the 2010s, venture investors and their LPs looked to get in on the ground floor of tech startups that could emulate their success, often paying premium valuations for the chance. Simultaneously, big tech looked to acquire unicorns themselves, both to augment their business lines and to squash potential competitors.

However, the era of โ€œeasy moneyโ€ may have come to an end, and privately-held startups have seen valuations drop in recent years. This means that for the next little whileโ€”at least until monetary policy stops tighteningโ€”unicorns could become a rarer sight.

Unicorn acquisitions may also see a similar fate. Persistent inflation and the government anti-trust push are just some of the other factors that have led to VC-backed startup acquisitions falling to their lowest quarterly levels in a decade. The more expensive the valuation, the harder to find a buyer, which means that some unicorns may even lose their $1 billion tag even when they do get acquired.

How does a startup become a unicorn? Check out How Startups Can Improve Their Odds of Becoming a Unicorn which provides a blueprint to navigate this enormous task.
green check mark icon

This article was published as a part of Visual Capitalist's Creator Program, which features data-driven visuals from some of our favorite Creators around the world.

Subscribe to Visual Capitalist
Click for Comments

Markets

Mapped: The Growth in House Prices by Country

Global house prices were resilient in 2022, rising 6%. We compare nominal and real price growth by country as interest rates surged.

Published

on

The Growth in House Prices by Country

Mapped: The Growth in House Prices by Country

This was originally posted on Advisor Channel. Sign up to the free mailing list to get beautiful visualizations on financial markets that help advisors and their clients.

Global housing prices rose an average of 6% annually, between Q4 2021 and Q4 2022.

In real terms that take inflation into account, prices actually fell 2% for the first decline in 12 years. Despite a surge in interest rates and mortgage costs, housing markets were noticeably stable. Real prices remain 7% above pre-pandemic levels.

In this graphic, we show the change in residential property prices with data from the Bank for International Settlements (BIS).

The Growth in House Prices, Ranked

The following dataset from the BIS covers nominal and real house price growth across 58 countries and regions as of the fourth quarter of 2022:

Price Growth
Rank
Country /
Region
Nominal Year-over-Year
Change (%)
Real Year-over-Year
Change (%)
1๐Ÿ‡น๐Ÿ‡ท Tรผrkiye167.951.0
2๐Ÿ‡ท๐Ÿ‡ธ Serbia23.17.0
3๐Ÿ‡ท๐Ÿ‡บ Russia23.19.7
4๐Ÿ‡ฒ๐Ÿ‡ฐ North Macedonia20.61.0
5๐Ÿ‡ฎ๐Ÿ‡ธ Iceland20.39.9
6๐Ÿ‡ญ๐Ÿ‡ท Croatia17.33.6
7๐Ÿ‡ช๐Ÿ‡ช Estonia16.9-3.0
8๐Ÿ‡ฎ๐Ÿ‡ฑ Israel16.811.0
9๐Ÿ‡ญ๐Ÿ‡บ Hungary16.5-5.1
10๐Ÿ‡ฑ๐Ÿ‡น Lithuania16.0-5.5
11๐Ÿ‡ธ๐Ÿ‡ฎ Slovenia15.44.2
12๐Ÿ‡ง๐Ÿ‡ฌ Bulgaria13.4-3.2
13๐Ÿ‡ฌ๐Ÿ‡ท Greece12.23.7
14๐Ÿ‡ต๐Ÿ‡น Portugal11.31.3
15๐Ÿ‡ฌ๐Ÿ‡ง United Kingdom10.0-0.7
16๐Ÿ‡ธ๐Ÿ‡ฐ Slovak Republic9.7-4.8
17
๐Ÿ‡ฆ๐Ÿ‡ช United Arab Emirates
9.62.9
18๐Ÿ‡ต๐Ÿ‡ฑ Poland9.3-6.9
19๐Ÿ‡ฑ๐Ÿ‡ป Latvia9.1-10.2
20๐Ÿ‡ธ๐Ÿ‡ฌ Singapore8.61.9
21๐Ÿ‡ฎ๐Ÿ‡ช Ireland8.6-0.2
22๐Ÿ‡จ๐Ÿ‡ฑ Chile8.2-3.0
23๐Ÿ‡ฏ๐Ÿ‡ต Japan7.93.9
24๐Ÿ‡ฒ๐Ÿ‡ฝ Mexico7.9-0.1
25๐Ÿ‡ต๐Ÿ‡ญ Philippines7.7-0.2
26๐Ÿ‡บ๐Ÿ‡ธ United States7.10.0
27๐Ÿ‡จ๐Ÿ‡ฟ Czechia6.9-7.6
28๐Ÿ‡ท๐Ÿ‡ด Romania6.7-7.5
29๐Ÿ‡ฒ๐Ÿ‡น Malta6.3-0.7
30๐Ÿ‡จ๐Ÿ‡พ Cyprus6.3-2.9
31๐Ÿ‡จ๐Ÿ‡ด Colombia6.3-5.6
32๐Ÿ‡ฑ๐Ÿ‡บ Luxembourg5.6-0.5
33๐Ÿ‡ช๐Ÿ‡ธ Spain5.5-1.1
34๐Ÿ‡จ๐Ÿ‡ญ Switzerland5.42.4
35๐Ÿ‡ณ๐Ÿ‡ฑ Netherlands5.4-5.3
36๐Ÿ‡ฆ๐Ÿ‡น Austria5.2-4.8
37๐Ÿ‡ซ๐Ÿ‡ท France4.8-1.2
38๐Ÿ‡ง๐Ÿ‡ช Belgium4.7-5.7
39๐Ÿ‡น๐Ÿ‡ญ Thailand4.7-1.1
40๐Ÿ‡ฟ๐Ÿ‡ฆ South Africa3.1-4.0
41๐Ÿ‡ฎ๐Ÿ‡ณ India2.8-3.1
42๐Ÿ‡ฎ๐Ÿ‡น Italy2.8-8.0
43๐Ÿ‡ณ๐Ÿ‡ด Norway2.6-3.8
44๐Ÿ‡ฎ๐Ÿ‡ฉ Indonesia2.0-3.4
45๐Ÿ‡ต๐Ÿ‡ช Peru1.5-6.3
46๐Ÿ‡ฒ๐Ÿ‡พ Malaysia1.2-2.6
47๐Ÿ‡ฐ๐Ÿ‡ท South Korea-0.1-5.0
48๐Ÿ‡ฒ๐Ÿ‡ฆ Morocco-0.1-7.7
49๐Ÿ‡ง๐Ÿ‡ท Brazil-0.1-5.8
50๐Ÿ‡ซ๐Ÿ‡ฎ Finland-2.3-10.2
51๐Ÿ‡ฉ๐Ÿ‡ฐ Denmark-2.4-10.6
52๐Ÿ‡ฆ๐Ÿ‡บ Australia-3.2-10.2
53๐Ÿ‡ฉ๐Ÿ‡ช Germany-3.6-12.1
54๐Ÿ‡ธ๐Ÿ‡ช Sweden-3.7-13.7
55๐Ÿ‡จ๐Ÿ‡ณ China-3.7-5.4
56๐Ÿ‡จ๐Ÿ‡ฆ Canada-3.8-9.8
57๐Ÿ‡ณ๐Ÿ‡ฟ New Zealand-10.4-16.5
58๐Ÿ‡ญ๐Ÿ‡ฐ Hong Kong SAR-13.5-15.1

Tรผrkiyeโ€™s property prices jumped the highest globally, at nearly 168% amid soaring inflation.

Real estate demand has increased alongside declining interest rates. The government drastically cut interest rates from 19% in late 2021 to 8.5% to support a weakening economy.

Many European countries saw some of the highest price growth in nominal terms. A strong labor market and low interest rates pushed up prices, even as mortgage rates broadly doubled across the continent. For real price growth, most countries were in negative territoryโ€”notably Sweden, Germany, and Denmark.

Nominal U.S. housing prices grew just over 7%, while real price growth halted to 0%. Prices have remained elevated given the stubbornly low supply of inventory. In fact, residential prices remain 45% above pre-pandemic levels.

How Do Interest Rates Impact Property Markets?

Global house prices boomed during the pandemic as central banks cut interest rates to prop up economies.

Now, rates have returned to levels last seen before the Global Financial Crisis. On average, rates have increased four percentage points in many major economies. Roughly three-quarters of the countries in the BIS dataset witnessed negative year-over-year real house price growth as of the fourth quarter of 2022.

Interest rates have a large impact on property prices. Cross-country evidence shows that for every one percentage point increase in real interest rates, the growth rate of housing prices tends to fall by about two percentage points.

When Will Housing Prices Fall?

The rise in U.S. interest rates has been counteracted by homeowners being reluctant to sell so they can keep their low mortgage rates. As a result, it is keeping inventory low and prices high. Homeowners canโ€™t sell and keep their low mortgage rates unless they meet strict conditions on a new property.

Additionally, several other factors impact price dynamics. Construction costs, income growth, labor shortages, and population growth all play a role.

With a strong labor market continuing through 2023, stable incomes may help stave off prices from falling. On the other hand, buyers with floating-rate mortgages face steeper costs and may be unable to afford new rates. This could increase housing supply in the market, potentially leading to lower prices.

Continue Reading

Subscribe

Popular