War
Mapped: Ukrainian Refugee Destinations by the Numbers
Mapped: Ukrainian Refugee Destinations by the Numbers
It’s been more than a year since Russia invaded Ukraine and forced refugees to seek destinations for new (or temporary) homes.
This ongoing conflict has resulted in one of the worst humanitarian crises in Europe in recent times. Millions of people have fled their homes and sought temporary or permanent asylum in countries across Europe, and the world.
This map by Pranav Gavali uses UNHCR data as of March 11, 2023 to highlight the countries that became Ukrainian refugee destinations.
Top Refugee Destinations in Europe
Over eight million Ukraine residents have found shelter outside of the country since February 2022, primarily in Europe.
Country | Ukrainian Refugees |
---|---|
🇷🇺 Russia | 2,852,395 |
🇵🇱 Poland | 1,564,711 |
🇩🇪 Germany | 1,055,323 |
🇨🇿 Czechia | 497,217 |
🇮🇹 Italy | 171,739 |
🇪🇸 Spain | 168,654 |
🇬🇧 United Kingdom | 164,500 |
🇫🇷 France | 118,994 |
🇸🇰 Slovakia | 111,173 |
🇷🇴 Romania | 110,921 |
🇲🇩 Moldova | 107,728 |
🇹🇷 Türkiye | 95,874 |
🇦🇹 Austria | 94,343 |
🇳🇱 Netherlands | 89,730 |
🇨🇭 Switzerland | 81,862 |
🇮🇪 Ireland | 75,260 |
🇱🇹 Lithuania | 75,197 |
🇧🇪 Belgium | 68,869 |
🇪🇪 Estonia | 67601 |
🇵🇹 Portugal | 58,242 |
🇸🇪 Sweden | 52,325 |
🇧🇬 Bulgaria | 50,112 |
🇫🇮 Finland | 47,067 |
🇳🇴 Norway | 41,519 |
🇩🇰 Denmark | 40,613 |
🇱🇻 Latvia | 35,243 |
🇭🇺 Hungary | 34,248 |
🇲🇪 Montenegro | 34,170 |
🇬🇪 Georgia | 25,701 |
🇭🇷 Croatia | 21,115 |
🇧🇾 Belarus | 20,983 |
🇬🇷 Greece | 20,955 |
🇨🇾 Cyprus | 15,992 |
🇸🇮 Slovenia | 9,061 |
🇱🇺 Luxembourg | 6,756 |
🇲🇰 North Macedonia | 6,514 |
🇦🇿 Azerbaijan | 4,928 |
🇷🇸 Serbia and 🇽🇰 Kosovo | 3,028 |
🇦🇱 Albania | 2,686 |
🇮🇸 Iceland | 2,239 |
🇲🇹 Malta | 1,744 |
🇦🇲 Armenia | 541 |
🇱🇮 Liechtenstein | 410 |
🇧🇦 Bosnia and Herzegovina | 165 |
The largest share of refugees at 35% have actually gone directly to Russia. Despite various reports of forced transfers of Ukrainian refugees to Russia, the country claims to have helped evacuate civilians without force.
The next largest intakes were from Poland and Germany, thanks in part to their close proximity and strong regional economies. Both have welcomed more than 1 million Ukrainian refugees, with Poland accepting over 1.5 million alone.
Czechia, Italy, and Spain are the next highest recipients of Ukrainian refugees in Europe, taking in a collective total of 10%.
And some refugees have ended up outside of Europe as well, though the UNCHR’s tracker only includes European countries. The U.S. for example is the fifth largest Ukrainian refugee destination overall, taking in more than 200,000 refugees through December 2022.

This article was published as a part of Visual Capitalist's Creator Program, which features data-driven visuals from some of our favorite Creators around the world.
Africa
Map Explainer: Sudan
This comprehensive map explainer covers both key facts about Sudan, as well as information on the violent power struggle unfolding there

Map Explainer: Sudan
The African nation of Sudan has been in the headlines, as intense fighting has rocked the country. As this bloody power struggle plays out, the map infographic above aims to provides key information on the conflict, as well as general facts and context about the country.
To begin, what exactly is happening in Sudan?
The 2023 Conflict in Sudan: A Primer
As explosions echo throughout Khartoum—Africa’s sixth largest urban area—many around the world are left wondering how the conflict escalated to this point. Here are five things to know:
- Two generals have been sharing power since a coup in 2021. The first is General Abdel Fattah al-Burhan, who leads the Sudanese Army. The second is General Mohamed Hamdan Dagalo (aka Hemedti), who leads the Rapid Support Forces (RSF) paramilitary group. This power-sharing arrangement was meant to be temporary, with an eventual transition to a civilian-led democracy. Instead, the situation devolved into conflict.
- Fighting broke out around the country in mid-April, with Khartoum becoming a major flash point. Flames billowed over the Khartoum airport, and the city’s military headquarters was reduced to a burned-out husk.
- As violence began to grip Sudan’s largest city, there was an exodus of foreign officials and citizens. In one particularly dramatic scene at the U.S. Embassy, nearly 100 people were escorted onto an aircraft by Navy SEALs and flown to nearby Djibouti.
- There have been a number of ceasefire agreements so far, but they’ve done little to stem the intense fighting.
- The stream of refugees fleeing the violence continues to grow. There is growing concern that this conflict will cause further instability in the region, as most of Sudan’s neighbors have their own histories with recent conflict, and many areas are facing food insecurity.
Unfortunately, Sudan is no stranger to conflict, having been ruled by the military for much of its existence. As of the writing of this article, there is technically a ceasefire in place, but fighting rages on. It remains to be seen how far these warring generals are willing to push the situation to assert their power.
Fast Facts About the Country of Sudan
Beyond headlines of conflict, Sudan is not a well-known country to many in the West. In the map above, we’ve also included more general information about geography, climate, population centers, and more.
Geography and Climate
Sudan is the third largest nation in Africa (16th globally), so there is a lot of climate and geographic variance within the country’s borders.
The country is located in Northeast Africa, directly below Egypt. Roughly speaking, its climate changes along a north–south axis, moving from arid to tropical. About two-thirds of the nation is arid and semi-arid, which is typical of countries with territory that includes the Sahara Desert.
The further south one goes in Sudan, the greener the surroundings get. The map below (which also includes the relatively new country of South Sudan) shows the extreme difference in vegetation from the north to south in the region.
The Nile River is a prominent feature running across this arid region, providing two-thirds of the country’s fresh water. In the south, the Blue and White portions of the Nile enter the country from South Sudan and Ethiopia, respectively. The rivers meet midway through the country and the Nile River flows northward, eventually reaching Egypt.
This flow of water from country-to-country can sometimes be a point of contention between Sudan, South Sudan, Ethiopia, and Egypt, who all rely on the river for power, fresh water, and irrigation.
Population Centers
Over 43 million people live in Sudan, which ranks it ninth in terms of population in Africa. Below, we can see that much of the Sudanese population is clustered in a couple of key areas, while much of the country remains sparsely populated.
Khartoum, the capital and largest city, is located in the interior of the country at the strategic point where the Blue and White Niles converge. This fast-growing city is shaped by the three sections surrounding the river junction—with Khartoum, North Khartoum, and Omdurman making up a metro area of 6.3 million people.
Sudan is divided into 18 states, five of which form the Darfur region in the west. If the name Darfur is familiar, it’s for good reason. In the 2000s, the region experienced a conflict marked by widespread violence, human rights abuses, and displacement, resulting in a humanitarian crisis. One of the generals involved in the current crisis, Hemedti, previously commanded the Janjaweed militias, which carried out some of the most egregious atrocities of the Darfur conflict.
In the northwest, Sudan borders the strategic Red Sea route. Port Sudan serves as the main entry point for imports and the primary export outlet for Sudanese commodities, including agricultural products (such as cotton, gum arabic, and sesame), minerals (such as gold), and livestock. The city has also been tapped to host a Russian naval base in the near future, though the recent power struggle in Sudan has potentially complicated negotiations.
As violence continues to rage in residential areas and people flee for safer areas, it remains to be seen how this conflict will influence population patterns within the country. How many people will be displaced? And once the smoke clears, will they return?
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