Mapped: Population Growth of U.S. States (2003-2023)
Connect with us

Maps

Mapped: U.S. States With the Fastest Growing Populations (2003-2023)

Published

on

See this visualization first on the Voronoi app.

A map of population growth by U.S. state from 2003-2023.

Mapped: Population Growth of U.S. States (2003-2023)

This was originally posted on our Voronoi app. Download the app for free on iOS or Android and discover incredible data-driven charts from a variety of trusted sources.

Over the past two decades, the U.S. has witnessed starkly different population growth trajectories across its 50 states.

Data from the U.S. Census Bureau, spanning from 2003 to 2023, reveals the shifting tides of migration, economic opportunity, and demographic change.

This map from USAFacts shows population growth by state over the two decades spanning from 2003 to 2023.

The Fastest-Growing States by Population

Here is the data of the fastest-growing states by population in the U.S. from 2003 to 2023.

StatePopulation Growth Rate (2003-2023)
Utah44.8%
Idaho44.1%
Nevada42.0%
Texas38.5%
Arizona34.9%
Florida33.0%
Colorado29.8%
South Carolina29.5%
North Carolina28.6%
Washington28.0%
Georgia27.9%
Montana23.2%
North Dakota22.7%
Tennessee21.9%
South Dakota20.4%
Maryland19.4%
Oregon19.3%
Virginia18.3%
Wyoming16.0%
Oklahoma15.7%
Hawaii14.7%
Nebraska13.8%
Minnesota13.5%
Alabama13.4%
Alaska13.1%
Arkansas12.6%
New Mexico12.6%
Indiana10.7%
California10.5%
Kentucky9.9%
New Hampshire9.5%
Iowa9.0%
Massachusetts9.0%
Missouri8.5%
Delaware8.0%
Kansas8.0%
Wisconsin7.9%
Maine6.8%
Vermont4.8%
New Jersey4.7%
Connecticut3.8%
Ohio3.8%
Pennsylvania3.1%
Rhode Island2.3%
New York2.1%
Mississippi2.0%
Louisiana1.2%
Michigan0.0%
Illinois-0.1%
West Virginia-2.3%

Utah led the country in population expansion, growing by 44.8%, with much of the growth concentrated in the state’s largest area, the Salt Lake City metropolitan area.

Not far from Utah, Idaho and Nevada place second and third with 44.1% and 42%, respectively.

Then, the southern states of Texas and Arizona round out the top five of the last two decades of growth at 38.5% and 34.9%, respectively.

The Slow Population Growth and Declining States

Not every state has experienced an upward trajectory. The two states with negative growth rates from 2003 to 2023 are West Virginia and Illinois, at -2.3% and -0.1%, respectively.

Simultaneously, Michigan defined stagnation with 0% growth, while Louisiana didn’t grow by much more with only 1.2% growth.

Finally, New York, the largest state in the bottom five, grew by only 2.1%, largely due to rising living expenses and shifting economic landscapes.

Causes of Population Growth

The states with the highest growth rates share several commonalities, such as lower living costs and favorable tax policies.

In contrast, the most populous slow-growth states, such as Illinois and New York, struggle with affordability.

The rise of remote work has also enabled residents to relocate to lower-cost regions while retaining high-paying jobs.

Looking ahead, the Sun Belt states—Arizona, Texas, and Florida—are poised to sustain growth, while states with affordability challenges may need to innovate to retain and attract residents.

Learn More on the Voronoi App

To learn more about this topic from a global perspective, check out this graphic on the flow of people globally.

green check mark icon

This article was published as a part of Visual Capitalist's Creator Program, which features data-driven visuals from some of our favorite Creators around the world.

Click for Comments

Misc

Mapped: Global Happiness by Country in 2025

Nordic countries continue to be the happiest in the world, with Finland ranking first for the eighth year in a row.

Published

on

A world map showing happiness scores of various countries from the 2025 World Happiness Report

Visualizing The World’s Happiest Countries in 2025

This was originally posted on our Voronoi app. Download the app for free on iOS or Android and discover incredible data-driven charts from a variety of trusted sources.

In an increasingly complex world, happiness remains humanity’s universal pursuit.

Measuring happiness remains a challenge, requiring the blend of objective metrics and subjective experiences, but it offers invaluable insights into the true health of societies beyond economic indicators alone.

In this map, we visualize the findings from the 2025 edition of the World Happiness Report, an annual publication that ranks global happiness based on life evaluations, social support, freedom to make life choices, GDP per capita, and other well-being indicators. It uses data from the Gallup World Poll and additional sources.

The World Happiness Report then averages the scores from life evaluations per country over a three-year period (2022–2024 for this year’s edition) and ranks countries from highest to lowest. Read more about the report’s methodology at the bottom of the article.

Ranked: The Most & Least Happy Countries in 2025

Below, we show the full rankings from the World Happiness Report 2025, and each country’s score.

RankCountry NameRegionAverage Happiness Score (2022-2024)
1🇫🇮 FinlandEurope7.7
2🇩🇰 DenmarkEurope7.5
3🇮🇸 IcelandEurope7.5
4🇸🇪 SwedenEurope7.3
5🇳🇱 NetherlandsEurope7.3
6🇨🇷 Costa RicaCentral America7.3
7🇳🇴 NorwayEurope7.3
8🇮🇱 IsraelMiddle East7.2
9🇱🇺 LuxembourgEurope7.1
10🇲🇽 MexicoNorth America7.0
11🇦🇺 AustraliaOceania7.0
12🇳🇿 New ZealandOceania7.0
13🇨🇭 SwitzerlandEurope6.9
14🇧🇪 BelgiumEurope6.9
15🇮🇪 IrelandEurope6.9
16🇱🇹 LithuaniaEurope6.8
17🇦🇹 AustriaEurope6.8
18🇨🇦 CanadaNorth America6.8
19🇸🇮 SloveniaEurope6.8
20🇨🇿 CzechiaEurope6.8
21🇦🇪 United Arab EmiratesMiddle East6.8
22🇩🇪 GermanyEurope6.8
23🇬🇧 United KingdomEurope6.7
24🇺🇸 United StatesNorth America6.7
25🇧🇿 BelizeCentral America6.7
26🇵🇱 PolandEurope6.7
27🇹🇼 TaiwanAsia6.7
28🇺🇾 UruguaySouth America6.7
29🇰🇮 KosovoEurope6.7
30🇰🇼 KuwaitMiddle East6.6
31🇷🇸 SerbiaEurope6.6
32🇸🇦 Saudi ArabiaMiddle East6.6
33🇫🇷 FranceEurope6.6
34🇸🇬 SingaporeAsia6.6
35🇷🇴 RomaniaEurope6.6
36🇧🇷 BrazilSouth America6.5
37🇸🇻 El SalvadorCentral America6.5
38🇪🇸 SpainEurope6.5
39🇪🇪 EstoniaEurope6.4
40🇮🇹 ItalyEurope6.4
41🇵🇦 PanamaCentral America6.4
42🇦🇷 ArgentinaSouth America6.4
43🇰🇿 KazakhstanAsia6.4
44🇬🇹 GuatemalaSouth America6.4
45🇨🇱 ChileSouth America6.4
46🇻🇳 VietnamAsia6.4
47🇳🇮 NicaraguaCentral America6.3
48🇲🇹 MaltaEurope6.3
49🇹🇭 ThailandAsia6.2
50🇸🇰 SlovakiaEurope6.2
51🇱🇻 LatviaEurope6.2
52🇴🇲 OmanMiddle East6.2
53🇺🇿 UzbekistanAsia6.2
54🇵🇾 ParaguaySouth America6.2
55🇯🇵 JapanAsia6.1
56🇧🇦 Bosnia and HerzegovinaEurope6.1
57🇵🇭 PhilippinesAsia6.1
58🇰🇷 Republic of KoreaAsia6.0
59🇧🇭 BahrainMiddle East6.0
60🇵🇹 PortugalEurope6.0
61🇨🇴 ColombiaSouth America6.0
62🇪🇨 EcuadorSouth America6.0
63🇭🇳 HondurasCentral America6.0
64🇲🇾 MalaysiaAsia6.0
65🇵🇪 PeruSouth America5.9
66🇷🇺 RussiaEurope5.9
67🇨🇾 CyprusEurope5.9
68🇨🇳 ChinaAsia5.9
69🇭🇺 HungaryEurope5.9
70🇹🇹 Trinidad and TobagoNorth America5.9
71🇲🇪 MontenegroEurope5.9
72🇭🇷 CroatiaEurope5.9
73🇯🇲 JamaicaCentral America5.9
74🇧🇴 BoliviaSouth America5.9
75🇰🇬 KyrgyzstanAsia5.9
76🇩🇴 Dominican RepublicCentral America5.8
77🇲🇳 MongoliaAsia5.8
78🇲🇺 MauritiusAfrica5.8
79🇱🇾 LibyaAfrica5.8
80🇲🇩 MoldovaEurope5.8
81🇬🇷 GreeceEurope5.8
82🇻🇪 VenezuelaSouth America5.7
83🇮🇩 IndonesiaAsia5.6
84🇩🇿 AlgeriaAfrica5.6
85🇧🇬 BulgariaEurope5.6
86🇲🇰 North MacedoniaEurope5.5
87🇦🇲 ArmeniaAsia5.5
88🇭🇰 Hong KongAsia5.5
89🇦🇱 AlbaniaEurope5.4
90🇹🇯 TajikistanAsia5.4
91🇬🇪 GeorgiaEurope5.4
92🇳🇵 NepalAsia5.3
93🇱🇸 LaosAsia5.3
94🇹🇷 TürkiyeAsia5.3
95🇿🇦 South AfricaAfrica5.2
96🇲🇿 MozambiqueAfrica5.2
97🇬🇦 GabonAfrica5.1
98🇮🇪 Côte d'IvoireAfrica5.1
99🇮🇷 IranMiddle East5.1
100🇨🇬 CongoAfrica5.0
101🇮🇶 IraqMiddle East5.0
102🇬🇳 GuineaAfrica4.9
103🇳🇦 NamibiaAfrica4.9
104🇨🇲 CameroonAfrica4.9
105🇳🇬 NigeriaAfrica4.9
106🇦🇿 AzerbaijanAsia4.9
107🇸🇳 SenegalAfrica4.9
108🇵🇸 PalestineMiddle East4.8
109🇵🇰 PakistanAsia4.8
110🇳🇱 NigerAfrica4.7
111🇺🇦 UkraineEurope4.7
112🇲🇦 MoroccoAfrica4.6
113🇹🇳 TunisiaAfrica4.6
114🇲🇷 MauritaniaAfrica4.5
115🇰🇪 KenyaAfrica4.5
116🇺🇬 UgandaAfrica4.5
117🇬🇳 GambiaAfrica4.4
118🇮🇳 IndiaAsia4.4
119🇹🇩 ChadAfrica4.4
120🇧🇫 Burkina FasoAfrica4.4
121🇧🇮 BeninAfrica4.4
122🇸🇴 SomaliaAfrica4.3
123🇲🇱 MaliAfrica4.3
124🇰🇭 CambodiaAsia4.3
125🇬🇭 GhanaAfrica4.3
126🇲🇲 MyanmarAsia4.3
127🇹🇬 TogoAfrica4.3
128🇯🇴 JordanMiddle East4.3
129🇱🇷 LiberiaAfrica4.3
130🇲🇬 MadagascarAfrica4.2
131🇿🇲 ZambiaAfrica3.9
132🇪🇹 EthiopiaAfrica3.9
133🇱🇰 Sri LankaAsia3.9
134🇧🇩 BangladeshAsia3.9
135🇪🇬 EgyptAfrica3.8
136🇹🇿 TanzaniaAfrica3.8
137🇸🇿 EswatiniAfrica3.8
138🇱🇸 LesothoAfrica3.8
139🇰🇲 ComorosAfrica3.8
140🇾🇪 YemenMiddle East3.6
141🇨🇩 Democratic Republic of the CongoAfrica3.5
142🇧🇼 BotswanaAfrica3.4
143🇿🇼 ZimbabweAfrica3.4
144🇲🇼 MalawiAfrica3.3
145🇱🇧 LebanonMiddle East3.2
146🇸🇱 Sierra LeoneAfrica3.0
147🇦🇫 AfghanistanMiddle East1.4

Nordic countries continue to dominate global happiness rankings, with Finland maintaining its first-place position for the eighth consecutive year with a steady score of 7.7, unchanged from last year.

Denmark, Iceland, and Sweden follow closely behind, preserving their respective rankings from last year’s report.

Notable departures from the top 10 include Australia, which slipped from #10 to #11.

Israel dropped from #5 to #8 this year but remains in the top 10. Despite the ongoing Gaza war—which began in 2023 and is largely reflected in this year’s three-year average—Israel remains one of the world’s happiest countries.

One of the biggest shifts in rankings came from Costa Rica, which climbed from #12 to #6, achieving both the highest-ever ranking for a Latin American country and the strongest placement of any non-European nation in this year’s report.

Most and Least Happy Countries by Region

In this table, we show the most and least happy countries in each region.

RegionHappiest Country2024 Happiness ScoreLeast Happiest Country2024 Happiness Score
North America🇨🇷 Costa Rica7.3🇩🇴 Dominican Republic5.8
South America🇺🇾 Uruguay6.7🇻🇪 Venezuela5.7
Europe🇫🇮 Finland7.7🇺🇦 Ukraine4.7
Middle East🇮🇱 Israel7.2🇦🇫 Afghanistan1.4
East Asia🇹🇼 Taiwan6.7🇧🇩 Bangladesh3.9
Africa🇲🇺 Mauritius5.8🇸🇱 Sierra Leone3.0
Oceania🇦🇺🇳🇿 Australia & New Zealand7.0

Sixth-ranked Costa Rica is the happiest country in North America, surpassing both the U.S. and Canada. On the other end, the Dominican Republic (#76) ranks as the least happy in the region, likely due to economic challenges and inequality.

Uruguay, ranked 28th this year, continues to be South America’s happiest country. Meanwhile, Venezuela (#82) also remains the least happy due to ongoing economic collapse, political instability, and mass emigration, which have severely affected quality of life.

In Europe, Ukraine (#111) ranks the lowest, still suffering from the ongoing impacts of war, economic instability, and uncertainty about the future.

In the Middle East, last-place Afghanistan remains the world’s least happy country, with ongoing conflict, restrictions on freedoms—particularly for women—and economic hardship leading to the lowest recorded happiness score. The country has been the unhappiest country in the world since 2020.

This year, Taiwan surpassed Singapore as East Asia’s happiest country with a rank of #27. Bangladesh ranked the lowest among Asian economies at #134 due to economic struggles and ongoing political instability.

In Africa, which has the lowest average scores in the world, Mauritius (#78) is the continent’s happiest country, thanks to relative prosperity compared to its neighbors. In contrast, second-last Sierra Leone has the lowest happiness score on the continent, reflecting high poverty levels, political corruption, and weak infrastructure.

In the Oceania region, Australia and New Zealand both record high scores of 7.0, just shy of the top 10. Both countries benefit from high life expectancy and strong social infrastructure.

Which Countries Saw the Greatest Change in Happiness?

Below, we show the three countries that saw the largest increases to their happiness scores from last year, and the three countries that saw the greatest decreases.

Country2023 Happiness Score2024 Happiness ScoreChange in score
🇱🇸 Lesotho3.23.80.6
🇱🇧 Lebanon2.73.20.5
🇿🇲 Zambia3.53.90.4
🇸🇱 Sierra Leone3.33.0-0.3
🇰🇼 Kuwait7.06.6-0.3
🇦🇫 Afghanistan1.71.4-0.4

Lesotho saw the biggest increase in their happiness score out of all countries surveyed, jumping 0.6 points from 3.2 to 3.8. However, despite this improvement, it remains among the least happy nations in the world.

Similarly, Lebanon and Zambia also experienced the largest increases in scores but still rank near the bottom, highlighting how even the most improved countries continue to struggle with deep-rooted economic and political challenges.

Conversely, some of the world’s least happy countries saw their scores decline further. Sierra Leone, Kuwait, and Afghanistan recorded the largest drops, with declines ranging from 0.3 to 0.4 points.

Which Countries Moved Up the Happiness Rankings Most?

Looking at ranking shifts, Latin American countries made the biggest jumps, signaling a rebound in optimism despite economic and political challenges. Colombia, Mexico, and Ecuador saw the largest gains, climbing 17, 15, and 12 spots, respectively.

Colombia moved from #78 to #61, Mexico entered the top 10 for the first time, rising from #25 to #10, and Ecuador improved from #74 to #62.

Meanwhile, the United States dropped one spot from #23 to #24, continuing a downward trend that has persisted since 2016. Declining social trust and rising inequality remain key factors in the U.S.’s long-term slide in happiness rankings.

Where does this data come from?

Source: The World Happiness Report which leverages data from the Gallup World Poll.

Methodology: The World Happiness Report derives its rankings from Gallup World Poll data, surveying approximately 1,000 people per country per year across 140+ countries. The total sample size typically exceeds 140,000 respondents annually. The rankings are based on three-year averages, from 2022 to 2024. Respondents evaluate their lives using the Cantril Ladder, a 0-to-10 scale. The rankings are based on six key factors: GDP per capita, healthy life expectancy, social support, freedom to make life choices, generosity (measured by charitable acts), and perceptions of corruption. In addition to life evaluations, the report examines emotional well-being through positive and negative affect indicators, such as laughter, worry, and sadness. The 2025 edition also emphasizes social trust and benevolence, analyzing behaviors like sharing meals, helping strangers, and returning lost wallets to assess how caring and community engagement contribute to happiness.

Criticisms: Critics of the World Happiness Report point out that survey questions measure satisfaction with socioeconomic conditions as opposed to individual emotional happiness. As well, there are myriad cultural differences around the world that influence how people think about happiness and life satisfaction. Finally, there can be big differences in life satisfaction between groups within a country, which are averaged out even in a nationally representative group. The report does acknowledge inequality as a factor by measuring the “gap” between the most and least happy halves of each country.

Learn More on the Voronoi App

To compare country happiness rankings from a different source, check out this graphic that visualizes the happiest countries among the world’s major economies, based on analysis from Ray Dalio’s Great Powers Index 2024.

Continue Reading

Discover more visuals with Voronoi by Visual Capitalist Logo

The Education Department is the Sixth Highest-funded Federal Agency

Popular