Maps

Mapped: Landlocked Countries Around the World

Published

4 months ago

February 2, 2025

Julie R. Peasley

Creator Program Ambassador

Article/Editing:

Dorothy Neufeld

See this visualization first on the Voronoi app.

Mapped: Landlocked Countries Around the World

This was originally posted on our Voronoi app. Download the app for free on iOS or Android and discover incredible data-driven charts from a variety of trusted sources.

Globally, there are 44 landlocked countries, some which share a border with up to eight countries.

Going further, two of these countries—Uzbekistan and Liechtenstein—are surrounded by other landlocked countries. Since these countries often lack coastal access, it can increase transit costs and political constraints, especially if neighboring countries are facing instability.

This graphic from Julia Peasley shows the world’s landlocked countries based on various sources.

A Closer Look at the World’s Landlocked Countries

Below, we show each of the landlocked countries, and one de facto state (Kosovo):

Landlocked Country	# of Surrounding Countries	Surrounding Countries
🇦🇫 Afghanistan	6	China, Iran, Pakistan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan
🇦🇩 Andorra	2	France, Spain
🇦🇲 Armenia	4	Azerbaijan, Georgia, Iran, Türkiye
🇦🇹 Austria	8	Czechia, Germany, Hungary, Italy, Liechtenstein, Slovakia, Slovenia, Switzerland
🇦🇿 Azerbaijan	5	Armenia, Georgia, Iran, Russia, Türkiye
🇧🇾 Belarus	5	Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Russia, Ukraine
🇧🇹 Bhutan	2	China, India
🇧🇴 Bolivia	5	Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Paraguay, Peru
🇧🇼 Botswana	4	Namibia, South Africa, Zambia, Zimbabwe
🇧🇫 Burkina Faso	6	Benin, Cote d’Ivoire, Ghana, Mali, Niger, Togo
🇧🇮 Burundi	3	DR Congo, Rwanda, Tanzania
🇨🇫 Central African Republic	6	Cameroon, Chad, Congo, DR Congo, South Sudan, Sudan
🇹🇩 Chad	6	Cameroon, Central African Republic, Libya, Niger, Nigeria, Sudan
🇨🇿 Czechia	4	Austria, Germany, Poland, Slovakia
🇸🇿 Eswatini	2	Mozambique, South Africa
🇪🇹 Ethiopia	6	Djibouti, Eritrea, Kenya, Somalia, South Sudan, Sudan
🇭🇺 Hungary	7	Austria, Croatia, Romania, Serbia, Sloakia, Slovenia, Ukraine
🇰🇿 Kazakhstan	5	China, Kyrgystan, Russia, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan
🇽🇰 Kosovo	4	Albania, Montenegro, North Macedonia, Serbia
🇰🇬 Kyrgyzstan	4	China, Kazakhstan, Tajikstan, Uzbekistan
🇱🇦 Laos	5	Cambodia, China, Myanmar, Thailand, Vietnam
🇱🇸 Lesotho	1	South Africa
🇱🇮 Liechtenstein	2	Austria, Switzerland
🇱🇺 Luxembourg	3	Belgium, France, Germany
🇲🇼 Malawi	3	Mozambique, Tanzania, Zambia
🇲🇱 Mali	7	Algeria, Burkina Faso, Cote d’Ivoire, Guinea, Mauritania, Niger, Senegal
🇲🇩 Moldova	2	Romania, Ukraine
🇲🇳 Mongolia	2	China, Russia
🇳🇵 Nepal	2	China, India
🇳🇪 Niger	7	Algeria, Benin, Burkina Faso, Chad, Libya, Mali, Nigeria
🇲🇰 North Macedonia	5	Albania, Bulgaria, Greece, Kosovo, Serbia
🇵🇾 Paraguay	3	Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil
🇷🇼 Rwanda	4	Burundi, DR Congo, Tanzania, Uganda
🇸🇲 San Marino	1	Italy
🇷🇸 Serbia	8	Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Hungary, Kosovo, Montenegro, North Macedonia, Romania
🇸🇰 Slovakia	5	Poland, Ukraine, Hungary, Austria, Czech Republic
🇸🇸 South Sudan	6	Central African Republic, DR Congo, Ethiopia, Kenya, Sudan, Uganda
🇨🇭 Switzerland	5	Austria, France, Germany, Italy, Liechtenstein
🇹🇯 Tajikistan	4	Afghanistan, China, Kyrgyzstan, Uzbekistan
🇹🇲 Turkmenistan	4	Afghanistan, Iran, Kazakstan, Uzbekistan
🇺🇬 Uganda	5	DR Congo, Kenya, Rwanda, South Sudan, Tanzania
🇺🇿 Uzbekistan	5	Afghanistan, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan
🇻🇦 Vatican City	1	Italy
🇿🇲 Zambia	8	Angola, Botswana, DR Congo, Malawi, Mozambique, Namibia, Tanzania, Zimbabwe
🇿🇼 Zimbabwe	4	Botswana, Mozambique, South Africa, Zambia

In 2023, roughly 640 million people worldwide lived in landlocked countries, with the majority being developing nations.

While two-thirds of these developing nations are in Africa, a third are in Asia, four percent in South America, and one percent are in Europe. Overall, Ethiopia is the most populous, sharing a border with six other countries.

From a geographical perspective, Kazakhstan is the largest globally, bordered by China, Russia, and three other nations in Central Asia. By comparison, Vatican City, at 0.17 square miles, is the smallest by land area.

Like Vatican City, two other countries are wholly surrounded by another country. Lesotho, which is encircled by South Africa, gained independence in 1966 after British rule. Meanwhile, San Marino is also bordered by Italy.

When it comes to countries that border the most countries, Austria, Zambia, and Serbia each are surrounded by eight neighboring nations.

Finally, the wealthiest of these countries are found in Europe, with Luxembourg and Switzerland having the highest GDP per capita. By contrast, South Sudan and Afghanistan are among the poorest.

Learn More on the Voronoi App

To learn more about this topic from an economic perspective, check out this graphic on the smallest countries in the world by GDP.

This article was published as a part of Visual Capitalist's Creator Program, which features data-driven visuals from some of our favorite Creators around the world.

Related Topics:africa middle east europe map water access landlocked countries

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Business

Mapped: The Biggest Tech Talent Hubs in the World

In 2023, all eight markets with 500,000 or more tech talent workers were located in Asia, specifically in India, China, and Japan.

Published

11 hours ago

June 16, 2025

Kayla Zhu

A map showing the top tech talent hubs in the world in 2023

Top Global Tech Talent Hubs

This was originally posted on our Voronoi app. Download the app for free on iOS or Android and discover incredible data-driven charts from a variety of trusted sources.

The global tech talent landscape is becoming increasingly decentralized as fast-growing hubs across Asia, Europe, and beyond rival traditional strongholds like Silicon Valley in size.

This map shows the top global tech talent hubs in the world by number of tech workers as of the year 2023.

Data comes from CBRE Consulting’s Global Tech Talent Guidebook 2025.

Powerhouse markets are defined as major urban centers with large tech talent pools, mature tech ecosystems, stable regulatory environments, access to capital, and the ability to attract tech entrepreneurs and talent from around the world.

Which Cities Have the Most Tech Workers?

Below, we show the top global tech talent hubs by number of tech talent workers.

Market	Country	Region	Tech Talent Workforce
Beijing	🇨🇳 Mainland China	Asia-Pacific	500,000+
Bengaluru	🇮🇳 India	Asia-Pacific	500,000+
Shanghai	🇨🇳 Mainland China	Asia-Pacific	500,000+
Tokyo	🇯🇵 Japan	Asia-Pacific	500,000+
Delhi-Gurugram	🇮🇳 India	Asia-Pacific	500,000+
Hyderabad	🇮🇳 India	Asia-Pacific	500,000+
Mumbai	🇮🇳 India	Asia-Pacific	500,000+
Shenzhen	🇨🇳 Mainland China	Asia-Pacific	500,000+
Guangzhou	🇨🇳 Mainland China	Asia-Pacific	300,000-500,000
London	🇬🇧 U.K.	Europe	300,000-500,000
New York Metro	🇺🇸 U.S.	North America	300,000-500,000
Paris	🇫🇷 France	Europe	300,000-500,000
S.F. Bay Area	🇺🇸 U.S.	North America	300,000-500,000
Toronto	🇨🇦 Canada	North America	300,000-500,000
Singapore	🇸🇬 Singapore	Asia-Pacific	200,000-300,000
Dallas-Ft. Worth	🇺🇸 U.S.	North America	200,000-300,000
L.A.-Orange County	🇺🇸 U.S.	North America	200,000-300,000
Madrid	🇪🇸 Spain	Europe	200,000-300,000
Manila	🇵🇭 Philippines	Asia-Pacific	200,000-300,000
Mexico City	🇲🇽 Mexico	Latin America	200,000-300,000
Sao Paulo	🇧🇷 Brazil	Latin America	200,000-300,000
Sydney	🇦🇺 Australia	Asia-Pacific	200,000-300,000
Washington, D.C.	🇺🇸 U.S.	North America	200,000-300,000
Boston	🇺🇸 U.S.	North America	150,000-200,000
Seattle	🇺🇸 U.S.	North America	150,000-200,000
Chicago	🇺🇸 U.S.	North America	150,000-200,000
Melbourne	🇦🇺 Australia	Asia-Pacific	150,000-200,000
Montreal	🇨🇦 Canada	North America	150,000-200,000
Santiago	🇨🇱 Chile	Latin America	150,000-200,000
Seoul	🇰🇷 South Korea	Asia-Pacific	150,000-200,000
New Taipei City	🇹🇼 Taiwan	Asia-Pacific	150,000-200,000
Amsterdam	🇳🇱 Netherlands	Europe	100,000-150,000
Atlanta	🇺🇸 U.S.	North America	100,000-150,000
Barcelona	🇪🇸 Spain	Europe	100,000-150,000
Berlin	🇩🇪 Germany	Europe	100,000-150,000
Bogota	🇨🇴 Colombia	Latin America	100,000-150,000
Bucharest	🇷🇴 Romania	Europe	100,000-150,000
Buenos Aires	🇦🇷 Argentina	Latin America	100,000-150,000
Denver	🇺🇸 U.S.	North America	100,000-150,000
Dublin	🇮🇪 Ireland	Europe	100,000-150,000
Hong Kong	🇭🇰 Hong Kong	Asia-Pacific	100,000-150,000
Milan	🇮🇹 Italy	Europe	100,000-150,000
Munich	🇩🇪 Germany	Europe	100,000-150,000
Philadelphia	🇺🇸 U.S.	North America	100,000-150,000
Phoenix	🇺🇸 U.S.	North America	100,000-150,000
Stockholm	🇸🇪 Sweden	Europe	100,000-150,000
Vancouver	🇨🇦 Canada	North America	100,000-150,000
Warsaw	🇵🇱 Poland	Europe	100,000-150,000

The Asia-Pacific region is challenging the United States’ long-standing dominance in tech talent.

In 2023, all eight markets with 500,000 or more tech talent workers were located in Asia, specifically in India, China, and Japan.

The biggest Asian tech talent hubs are home to some of the world’s most influential tech companies, including the world’s most valuable unicorn ByteDance (Beijing), Infosys (Bengaluru), Alibaba (Shanghai), Sony (Tokyo), and Tencent (Shenzhen)–one of the most valuable companies in the world.

The San Francisco Bay Area, home to Silicon Valley, was among the top powerhouse markets from this year’s report and the largest tech talent hub in North America.

Powerhouse markets were mostly found in Asia and North America, with Paris, France being the only European powerhouse market. Paris is home to multinational IT consulting company Capgemini and an up-and-coming generative AI startup, Mistral AI.

Across all regions, demand for skilled workers in AI, software development and data engineering is driving growth in both established and emerging markets.

The Asia-Pacific region had the most tech talent hubs overall at 16, followed by North America at 15.

Learn More on the Voronoi App

To learn about significant hubs for research and innoation, check out this graphic that visualizes the world’s top 50 science and technology (S&T) clusters in 2024.