Countries
Mapped: How Global Housing Prices Have Changed Since 2010
How Global Housing Prices Have Changed Since 2010
In many countries around the world, it seems like house prices have been constantly climbing.
Houses fulfill a rare mix of necessity, utility, sentimentality, and for many, also act as a primary investment to build wealth. And it’s that last angle, combined with increasing demand in many countries, that is driving housing prices skyward.
Using data from the Bank of International Settlements, Ehsan Soltani has ranked the change in real residential property prices for 57 countries from 2010 to 2022.
In the dataset of 57 countries, 80% have seen increases in housing prices in the last 12 years.
Real Price Growth | Nominal Price Growth | |
---|---|---|
Advanced economies | 39% | 77% |
World | 27% | 84% |
Emerging market economies | 18% | 92% |
Eurozone | 16% | 45% |
Advanced economies, or the most developed countries in the world, have seen the highest increases. But across all measured countries, the real price of housing has increased nearly 30% on average since 2010.
Countries with Increased Housing Prices (2010‒2022)
Leading the group of 45 countries with increased housing prices is Iceland, with local real prices more than doubling since 2010.
Housing Prices by Country | Real Price Growth | Nominal Price Growth |
---|---|---|
🇮🇸 Iceland | 103% | 202% |
🇪🇪 Estonia | 97% | 196% |
🇳🇿 New Zealand | 97% | 152% |
🇨🇱 Chile | 95% | 205% |
🇹🇷 Turkey | 91% | 902% |
🇨🇦 Canada | 90% | 148% |
🇱🇺 Luxembourg | 85% | 135% |
🇭🇺 Hungary | 84% | 168% |
🇭🇰 Hong Kong | 83% | 155% |
🇮🇱 Israel | 80% | 104% |
🇱🇻 Latvia | 66% | 131% |
🇦🇹 Austria | 65% | 118% |
🇺🇸 United States | 63% | 118% |
🇨🇿 Czechia | 61% | 130% |
🇸🇪 Sweden | 60% | 93% |
🇮🇳 India | 59% | 211% |
🇲🇾 Malaysia | 59% | 102% |
🇱🇹 Lithuania | 57% | 130% |
🇩🇪 Germany | 56% | 96% |
🇨🇭 Switzerland | 54% | 57% |
🇵🇭 Philippines | 51% | 118% |
🇵🇹 Portugal | 45% | 75% |
🇳🇴 Norway | 44% | 91% |
🇨🇴 Colombia | 43% | 133% |
🇦🇺 Australia | 41% | 85% |
🇸🇰 Slovak Republic | 34% | 81% |
🇹🇭 Thailand | 32% | 59% |
🇩🇰 Denmark | 31% | 58% |
🇮🇪 Ireland | 31% | 53% |
🇲🇹 Malta | 30% | 59% |
🇳🇱 Netherlands | 30% | 69% |
🇲🇽 Mexico | 28% | 111% |
🇰🇷 South Korea | 24% | 54% |
🇬🇧 United Kingdom | 23% | 67% |
🇯🇵 Japan | 22% | 31% |
🇸🇮 Slovenia | 20% | 47% |
🇵🇪 Peru | 18% | 73% |
🇧🇬 Bulgaria | 16% | 58% |
🇭🇷 Croatia | 15% | 43% |
🇦🇪 United Arab Emirates | 12% | 34% |
🇧🇪 Belgium | 11% | 45% |
🇫🇷 France | 11% | 31% |
🇸🇬 Singapore | 11% | 36% |
🇵🇱 Poland | 10% | 55% |
🇨🇳 China | 8% | 42% |
Other countries with a 85% or higher increases in housing prices include Estonia, New Zealand, Chile, Turkey, Canada, and Luxembourg. As emerging market economies, Turkey and Chile are the outliers in this group of mostly advanced economies.
Many other emerging market economies also saw housing prices increase. In India and Malaysia, housing prices are up by 59%. Likewise, the Philippines (50%) and Colombia (40%) also saw real prices increase faster than the global average.
However, not all countries logged big housing price increases. Some countries in Europe, including France, Belgium, and Croatia, and Asia, including China, and Singapore, all saw less than 20% growth in real prices.
Countries with Decreased Housing Prices (2010‒2022)
Some countries bucked the global trend and actually saw real housing prices fall over the last 12 years:
Housing Prices by Country | Real Price Growth | Nominal Price Growth |
---|---|---|
🇮🇩 Indonesia | 0% | 62% |
🇫🇮 Finland | -1% | 21% |
🇿🇦 South Africa | -5% | 72% |
🇲🇰 North Macedonia | -7% | 23% |
🇧🇷 Brazil | -8% | 89% |
🇷🇸 Serbia | -11% | 49% |
🇲🇦 Morocco | -14% | 4% |
🇪🇸 Spain | -15% | 5% |
🇷🇴 Romania | -20% | 21% |
🇮🇹 Italy | -24% | -8% |
🇬🇷 Greece | -26% | -16% |
🇷🇺 Russia | -33% | 54% |
Russia, Greece, and Italy saw the largest contractions in prices, all with housing price drops of more than 20%.
But these cases also allow us to see inflation in action. In Russia for example, despite real housing prices contracting by 33%, nominal prices (which don’t account for inflation) are up more than 50%. In South Africa, where real prices have fallen 5%, nominal prices are up 72%.
Is Your Country in a Housing Bubble?
From the housing prices of countries listed above, the data can point to the emergence of potential housing bubbles in Iceland, New Zealand, and Canada.
However, bubbles are usually only fully identified and measured after they have burst (or have started to). Otherwise, if their inflated values hold through sudden changes in market conditions, they can simply point to more accurately-priced demand.
There are a variety of reasons that can lead to housing price growth. Some of them are listed below, taken from a speech delivered by the deputy governor of the Bank of Canada back in 2015:
Macroeconomic | Rising disposable incomes, lower long-term interest rates. |
Demographic | Population growth, increased migration, and shifts in family structure. |
Credit conditions | Broader access to and more efficient funding of mortgage credit. |
Other factors | Improvements to macro-policy framework, international investment, and regulatory and tax changes. |
And specific local factors also play a part in many markets. In Iceland for example, tourism growth and the surge in short-term rentals have also contributed to the housing crisis.
Meanwhile, in the U.S., restricted housing supply is one of the factors pushing prices up.
When you factor in successive interest rate hikes to combat inflation and rising mortgage rates, the housing market remains at the forefront of discussion more so than ever. The question is, what comes next for the world’s housing prices?

This article was published as a part of Visual Capitalist's Creator Program, which features data-driven visuals from some of our favorite Creators around the world.
Countries
Ranked: Share of Global Arms Exports in 2022
The U.S. is the biggest weapons exporter in the world, but which other countries take up a significant share of global arms exports in 2022? And how has that share changed over time?

Ranked: Share of Global Arms Exports 2018–2022
In 2022, global military budgets hit $2.2 trillion, an eighth consecutive year of increase.
Part of those budgets were used for the procurement of arms, but which countries are major weapons suppliers, and how do they influence the global arms trade?
We chart out the top 10 countries with the biggest share of global arms exports using data from the Stockholm International Peace Research Institute (SIPRI).
Which Country Exports the Most Weapons?
The U.S. is the biggest weapons exporter, accounting for 40% of the total volume of international arms transfers between 2018–2022. Nearly one-fifth of these exports headed to Saudi Arabia, and other significant amounts went to Japan (8.6%) and Australia (8.4%).
Below we rank the biggest weapons exporters by share of total volume traded in 2018–2022, as well as their growth or decline from trends recorded in 2013–2017.
Rank | Country | % share of global arms exports (2018-2022) | % change between 2013-17 & 2018-22 |
---|---|---|---|
1 | 🇺🇸 U.S. | 40% | +14% |
2 | 🇷🇺 Russia | 16% | -31% |
3 | 🇫🇷 France | 11% | +44% |
4 | 🇨🇳 China | 5% | -23% |
5 | 🇩🇪 Germany | 4% | -35% |
6 | 🇮🇹 Italy | 4% | +45% |
7 | 🇬🇧 UK | 3% | -35% |
8 | 🇪🇸 Spain | 3% | -4% |
9 | 🇰🇷 South Korea | 2% | +74% |
10 | 🇮🇱 Israel | 2% | -15% |
N/A | 🌐 Rest of World | 9% | N/A |
Russia (16%) and France (11%) rank close together, followed by China (5%) and Germany (4%) to round out the top five major arms exporters.
However France’s export volumes grown considerably (+44%) from the previous five-year period, thanks to big sales to India, which included 62 combat aircraft and four submarines, one-third of all French weapons trade. This has resulted in France leapfrogging the U.S. as India’s second-largest weapons supplier after Russia.
On the other hand, Russia’s exports by volume has decreased (-31%) even before sanctions kicked in after the invasion of Ukraine. Its biggest trade partners, India and China, have prioritized developing their own weapons industries.
South Korea’s Surging Weapons Exports
Another country whose arms sales are skyrocketing is South Korea, which ranks 9th in the overall share of global arms exports, but has seen a 74% increase in its export volumes. Key recipients include the Philippines, India, and Thailand.
South Korean president Yoon Suk Yeol has pledged to grow his country into the world’s fourth largest arms exporter by 2027.
Interestingly, South Korea is one of three countries which is both a top-10 arms exporter and importer (along with China and the U.S.) as it has many takers for domestically produced military equipment, while simultaneously being reliant on American-produced long-range missiles and advanced combat aircraft.
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