Energy
Map: Oil and Gas Spills in the U.S. Since 2010
Mapped: Oil and Gas Spills in the U.S. Since 2010
The recent energy crisis has highlighted the integral role that hydrocarbons play in fueling the modern world, but these fossil fuels still come with their fair share of downsides.
Aside from the obvious climate impact they bring, one other downside in particular is spills, which can lead to ecological and economic damage. These can happen due to pipeline leaks, train derailments, or other industrial disasters.
This graphic from Preyash Shah provides a visual overview of every oil and gas spill in the contiguous U.S. since 2010. Data is tracked by the U.S. government’s Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration (PHMSA).
U.S. Oil and Gas Spills (2010‒2022)
The majority of spills that have occurred come mostly from crude oil, followed by petroleum products and gas. Note that this data covers the quantity of spills and not damages or volume.
Spills by Product Type | Portion of all U.S. Spills |
---|---|
Crude oil | 51% |
Petroleum products | 32% |
Diesel | 14% |
Gasoline | 13% |
Others | 5% |
Highly volatile liquids & flammable gas | 16% |
Liquefied petroleum gas / natural gas liquids | 8% |
Other highly volatile liquids | 6% |
Anhydrous ammonia | 2% |
Others | 3% |
Carbon dioxide | 2% |
Biofuel | 1% |
Crude oil, which makes up just over half of documented spills, is also one of the most costly. Contaminations can persist for years after a spill, and its impact on local mammals and waterfowl is particularly harsh.
This has been the case with the Deepwater Horizon spill (also known as the “BP oil spill”), which experts say is still causing harm in the Gulf of Mexico.
Other products with lots of spills include petroleum products such as diesel or gasoline, as well as liquefied natural gas or other volatile liquids. Interestingly, liquefied carbon dioxide can also be transported in pipelines, commonly used for carbon capture storage, but requires high pressure to maintain its state.
When looking at the location of spills, it’s clear that the South Central states have experienced the highest number of disasters. In contrast, the West Coast has had substantially less activity. However, this makes much more sense when looking at the dominant oil producing states, where Texas and surrounding neighbors reign supreme.
Rank | State | Oil & Gas Spills (2010-2022) |
---|---|---|
1 | Texas | 1936 |
2 | Oklahoma | 407 |
3 | Louisiana | 297 |
4 | California | 253 |
5 | Kansas | 208 |
6 | Illinois | 181 |
7 | Wyoming | 155 |
8 | New Jersey | 128 |
9 | New Mexico | 114 |
10 | North Dakota | 98 |
11 | Indiana | 93 |
12 | Minnesota | 83 |
13 | Ohio | 82 |
14 | Pennsylvania | 71 |
15 | Iowa | 66 |
16 | Missouri | 65 |
17 | Michigan | 56 |
18 | Colorado | 55 |
19 | Mississippi | 53 |
20 | Montana | 46 |
21 | Wisconsin | 42 |
22 | Alabama | 36 |
23 | Arkansas | 33 |
24 | Newbraska | 31 |
25 | Georgia | 28 |
26 | Virginia | 27 |
27 | North Carolina | 24 |
28 | Kentucky | 21 |
29 | South Carolina | 19 |
30 | Alaska | 16 |
30 | New York | 16 |
32 | Tennessee | 15 |
33 | South Dakota | 14 |
33 | Washington | 14 |
35 | Florida | 13 |
36 | Maryland | 11 |
37 | Utah | 9 |
38 | Idaho | 8 |
38 | Oregon | 8 |
40 | Hawaii | 7 |
41 | West Virginia | 6 |
42 | Massachesueuts | 3 |
43 | Conneticut | 2 |
43 | Maine | 2 |
43 | Nevada | 2 |
43 | Puerto Rico | 2 |
47 | Arizona | 0 |
47 | Delaware | 0 |
47 | New Hampshire | 0 |
47 | Vermont | 0 |
Of the 4,901 spills during this period, Texas accounts for 1,936 or roughly 40% of all oil and gas spills. This is followed by Oklahoma, which has had 407 spills and is one of the largest net exporters of oil and gas in the country.
What Causes Spills?
Oil and gas spills actually have a surprisingly long history, with one of the earliest dating back to 1889, when a spill was reported on the coast between Los Angeles and San Diego.
Causes have consisted primarily of weather, natural disasters, equipment and technological malfunction, as well as human error.
However, they only became a widespread problem around the halfway mark of the 20th century, when petroleum extraction and production really began to take off. This era also saw the emergence of supertankers, which can transport half a million tons of oil but therefore make the risk of spills even costlier.
In fact, the biggest spill off U.S. waters after the Deepwater Horizon disaster is the 1989 Exxon Valdez spill in Alaska, when a tanker crashed into a reef and 11 million gallons of oil spilled into the Pacific Ocean.
This article was published as a part of Visual Capitalist's Creator Program, which features data-driven visuals from some of our favorite Creators around the world.
Energy
The World’s Biggest Oil Producers in 2023
Just three countries accounted for 40% of global oil production last year.
The World’s Biggest Oil Producers in 2023
This was originally posted on Elements. Sign up to the free mailing list to get beautiful visualizations on natural resource megatrends in your email.
Despite efforts to decarbonize the global economy, oil still remains one of the world’s most important resources. It’s also produced by a fairly limited group of countries, which can be a source of economic and political leverage.
This graphic illustrates global crude oil production in 2023, measured in million barrels per day, sourced from the U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA).
Three Countries Account for 40% of Global Oil Production
In 2023, the United States, Russia, and Saudi Arabia collectively contributed 32.8 million barrels per day to global oil production.
Oil Production 2023 | Million barrels per day |
---|---|
🇺🇸 U.S. | 12.9 |
🇷🇺 Russia | 10.1 |
🇸🇦 Saudi Arabia | 9.7 |
🇨🇦 Canada | 4.6 |
🇮🇶 Iraq | 4.3 |
🇨🇳 China | 4.2 |
🇮🇷 Iran | 3.6 |
🇧🇷 Brazil | 3.4 |
🇦🇪 UAE | 3.4 |
🇰🇼 Kuwait | 2.7 |
🌍 Other | 22.8 |
These three nations have consistently dominated oil production since 1971. The leading position, however, has alternated among them over the past five decades.
In contrast, the combined production of the next three largest producers—Canada, Iraq, and China—reached 13.1 million barrels per day in 2023, just surpassing the production of the United States alone.
In the near term, no country is likely to surpass the record production achieved by the U.S. in 2023, as no other producer has ever reached a daily capacity of 13.0 million barrels. Recently, Saudi Arabia’s state-owned Saudi Aramco scrapped plans to increase production capacity to 13.0 million barrels per day by 2027.
In 2024, analysts forecast that the U.S. will maintain its position as the top oil producer. In fact, according to Macquarie Group, U.S. oil production is expected to achieve a record pace of about 14 million barrels per day by the end of the year.
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