Misc
A Logarithmic Map of the Entire Observable Universe

For a full-size option or to inquire about posters, please visit Pablo Carlos Budassi’s website.
A Logarithmic Map of the Entire Observable Universe
Among the scientific community, it’s widely believed that so far humans have only discovered about 5% of the universe.
Yet, despite knowing about just a fraction of what’s out there, we’ve still managed to discover galaxies billions of light-years away from Earth.
This graphic by Pablo Carlos Budassi provides a logarithmic map of the entire known universe, using data by researchers at Princeton University and updated as of May 2022.
How Does the Map Work?
Before diving in, it’s worth touching on a few key details about the map.
First off, it’s important to note that the celestial objects shown on this map are not shown to scale. If it was made to scale with sizes relative to how we see them from Earth, nearly all of the objects would be miniscule dots (except the Moon, the Sun, and some nebulae and galaxies).
Secondly, each object’s distance from the Earth is measured on a logarithmic scale, which increases exponentially, in order to fit in all the data.
Within our Solar System, the map’s scale spans astronomical units (AU), roughly the distance from the Earth to the Sun. Beyond, it grows to measure millions of parsecs, with each one of those equal to 3.26 light-years, or 206,000 AU.
Exploring the Map
The map highlights a number of different celestial objects, including:
- The Solar System
- Comets and asteroids
- Star systems and clusters
- Nebulae
- Galaxies, including the Milky Way
- Galaxy clusters
- Cosmic microwave background—radiation leftover from the Big Bang
Featured are some recently discovered objects, such as the most distant known galaxy to date, HD1. Scientists believe this newly-discovered galaxy was formed just 330 million years after the Big Bang, or roughly 8.4 billion years before Earth.
It also highlights some newly deployed spacecraft, including the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST), which is NASA’s latest infrared telescope, and the Tiangong Space Station, which was made by China and launched in April 2021.
Why is it called the “Observable” Universe?
Humanity has been interested in space for thousands of years, and many scientists and researchers have dedicated their lives to furthering our collective knowledge about space and the universe.
Most people are familiar with Albert Einstein and his theory of relativity, which became a cornerstone of both physics and astronomy. Another well-known scientist was Edwin Hubble, whose findings of galaxies moving away from Earth is considered to be the first observation of the universe expanding.
But the massive logarithmic map above, and any observations from Earth or probes in space, are limited in nature. The universe is currently dated to be around 13.8 billion years old, and nothing in the universe can travel faster than the speed of light.
When accounting for the expansion of the universe and observed objects moving away from us, that means that the farthest we can “see” is currently calculated at around 47.7 billion light-years. And since light takes time to travel, much of what we’re observing actually happened many millions of years ago.
But our understanding of the universe is evolving constantly with new discoveries. What will we discover next?

This article was published as a part of Visual Capitalist's Creator Program, which features data-driven visuals from some of our favorite Creators around the world.
Science
Mapped: Life Expectancy by Country in 2025
Using 2025 projections from UN data published last year, we map out life expectancy by country. Regional patterns are apparent.

Mapped: Life Expectancy by Country in 2025
This was originally posted on our Voronoi app. Download the app for free on iOS or Android and discover incredible data-driven charts from a variety of trusted sources.
Key Takeaways
- Western European countries have an 80+ life expectancy at birth, the highest regionally.
- However, several African countries have a below-60 life expectancy, a projected lifespan that is a full 20 years shorter.
How long you live depends a lot on where you’re born.
We illustrate this phenomenon in the above map, which uses 2025 life expectancy at birth projections from the UN World Population Prospects published last year.
Life expectancy at birth measures the average number of years that a newborn could expect to live, if they were subject to the age-specific mortality rates of a given period.
Ranked: Countries Where People Live the Longest
The micronation of Monaco has the highest average life expectancy in the world. A baby born in the country in 2025 can expect to live to 87 years old.
Rank | Country | ISO Code | Average life expectancy at birth, 2025 (in years) |
---|---|---|---|
1 | 🇲🇨 Monaco | MCO | 87 |
2 | 🇸🇲 San Marino | SMR | 86 |
3 | 🇭🇰 Hong Kong | HKG | 86 |
4 | 🇯🇵 Japan | JPN | 85 |
5 | 🇰🇷 South Korea | KOR | 85 |
6 | 🇧🇱 Saint Barthélemy | BLM | 85 |
7 | 🇦🇩 Andorra | AND | 84 |
8 | 🇵🇫 French Polynesia | PYF | 84 |
9 | 🇨🇭 Switzerland | CHE | 84 |
10 | 🇦🇺 Australia | AUS | 84 |
11 | 🇮🇹 Italy | ITA | 84 |
12 | 🇸🇬 Singapore | SGP | 84 |
13 | 🇪🇸 Spain | ESP | 84 |
14 | 🇱🇮 Liechtenstein | LIE | 84 |
15 | 🇷🇪 Réunion | REU | 84 |
16 | 🇬🇮 Gibraltar | GIB | 84 |
17 | 🇲🇹 Malta | MLT | 84 |
18 | 🇳🇴 Norway | NOR | 84 |
19 | 🇫🇷 France | FRA | 84 |
20 | 🇸🇪 Sweden | SWE | 84 |
21 | 🇬🇬 Guernsey | GGY | 84 |
22 | 🇲🇴 Macao | MAC | 83 |
23 | 🇻🇦 Holy See | VAT | 83 |
24 | 🇦🇪 UAE | ARE | 83 |
25 | 🇮🇸 Iceland | ISL | 83 |
26 | 🇲🇶 Martinique | MTQ | 83 |
27 | 🇨🇦 Canada | CAN | 83 |
28 | 🇮🇱 Israel | ISR | 83 |
29 | 🇮🇪 Ireland | IRL | 83 |
30 | 🇵🇹 Portugal | PRT | 83 |
31 | 🇶🇦 Qatar | QAT | 83 |
32 | 🇧🇲 Bermuda | BMU | 83 |
33 | 🇱🇺 Luxembourg | LUX | 82 |
34 | 🇳🇱 Netherlands | NLD | 82 |
35 | 🇧🇪 Belgium | BEL | 82 |
36 | 🇬🇵 Guadeloupe | GLP | 82 |
37 | 🇳🇿 New Zealand | NZL | 82 |
38 | 🇦🇹 Austria | AUT | 82 |
39 | 🇩🇰 Denmark | DNK | 82 |
40 | 🇫🇮 Finland | FIN | 82 |
41 | 🇬🇷 Greece | GRC | 82 |
42 | 🇵🇷 Puerto Rico | PRI | 82 |
43 | 🇨🇾 Cyprus | CYP | 82 |
44 | 🇸🇮 Slovenia | SVN | 82 |
45 | 🇩🇪 Germany | DEU | 82 |
46 | 🇬🇧 UK | GBR | 82 |
47 | 🇧🇭 Bahrain | BHR | 82 |
48 | 🇨🇱 Chile | CHL | 82 |
49 | 🇲🇻 Maldives | MDV | 82 |
50 | 🇮🇲 Isle of Man | IMN | 81 |
51 | 🇨🇷 Costa Rica | CRI | 81 |
52 | 🇹🇼 Taiwan | TWN | 81 |
53 | 🇰🇼 Kuwait | KWT | 81 |
54 | 🇰🇾 Cayman Islands | CYM | 81 |
55 | 🇲🇫 Saint Martin | MAF | 81 |
56 | 🇫🇴 Faroe Islands | FRO | 81 |
57 | 🇴🇲 Oman | OMN | 80 |
58 | 🇨🇿 Czechia | CZE | 80 |
59 | 🇯🇪 Jersey | JEY | 80 |
60 | 🇵🇦 Panama | PAN | 80 |
61 | 🇦🇱 Albania | ALB | 80 |
62 | 🇦🇮 Anguilla | AIA | 80 |
63 | 🇺🇸 U.S. | USA | 80 |
64 | 🇫🇰 Falkland Islands | FLK | 80 |
65 | 🇪🇪 Estonia | EST | 79 |
66 | 🇸🇦 Saudi Arabia | SAU | 79 |
67 | 🇲🇵 Northern Mariana Islands | MNP | 79 |
68 | 🇳🇨 New Caledonia | NCL | 79 |
69 | 🇵🇱 Poland | POL | 79 |
70 | 🇭🇷 Croatia | HRV | 79 |
71 | 🇼🇫 Wallis & Futuna Islands | WLF | 79 |
72 | 🇸🇰 Slovakia | SVK | 79 |
73 | 🇺🇾 Uruguay | URY | 78 |
74 | 🇨🇺 Cuba | CUB | 78 |
75 | 🇽🇰 Kosovo | XKX | 78 |
76 | 🇨🇳 China | CHN | 78 |
77 | 🇹🇨 Turks & Caicos Islands | TCA | 78 |
78 | 🇧🇦 Bosnia & Herzegovina | BIH | 78 |
79 | 🇯🇴 Jordan | JOR | 78 |
80 | 🇵🇪 Peru | PER | 78 |
81 | 🇨🇴 Colombia | COL | 78 |
82 | 🇱🇧 Lebanon | LBN | 78 |
83 | 🇮🇷 Iran | IRN | 78 |
84 | 🇦🇬 Antigua and Barbuda | ATG | 78 |
85 | 🇱🇰 Sri Lanka | LKA | 78 |
86 | 🇹🇷 Türkiye | TUR | 78 |
87 | 🇧🇶 Bonaire | BES | 78 |
88 | 🇪🇨 Ecuador | ECU | 78 |
89 | 🇦🇷 Argentina | ARG | 78 |
90 | 🇲🇰 North Macedonia | MKD | 78 |
91 | 🇬🇺 Guam | GUM | 78 |
92 | 🇻🇬 British Virgin Islands | VGB | 78 |
93 | 🌴 Polynesia (no emoji available) | POL | 78 |
94 | 🇲🇪 Montenegro | MNE | 77 |
95 | 🇬🇫 French Guiana | GUF | 77 |
96 | 🇭🇺 Hungary | HUN | 77 |
97 | 🇹🇰 Tokelau | TKL | 77 |
98 | 🇨🇼 Curaçao | CUW | 77 |
99 | 🇷🇸 Serbia | SRB | 77 |
100 | 🇸🇭 Saint Helena | SHN | 77 |
101 | 🇵🇲 Saint Pierre & Miquelon | SPM | 77 |
102 | 🇲🇾 Malaysia | MYS | 77 |
103 | 🇹🇳 Tunisia | TUN | 77 |
104 | 🇹🇭 Thailand | THA | 77 |
105 | 🇸🇽 Sint Maarten | SXM | 77 |
106 | 🇩🇿 Algeria | DZA | 77 |
107 | 🇦🇼 Aruba | ABW | 77 |
108 | 🇧🇧 Barbados | BRB | 76 |
109 | 🇲🇸 Montserrat | MSR | 76 |
110 | 🇱🇻 Latvia | LVA | 76 |
111 | 🇾🇹 Mayotte | MYT | 76 |
112 | 🇨🇻 Cabo Verde | CPV | 76 |
113 | 🇱🇹 Lithuania | LTU | 76 |
114 | 🇷🇴 Romania | ROU | 76 |
115 | 🇧🇷 Brazil | BRA | 76 |
116 | 🇦🇲 Armenia | ARM | 76 |
117 | 🇧🇬 Bulgaria | BGR | 76 |
118 | 🇻🇮 U.S. Virgin Islands | VIR | 76 |
119 | 🇲🇦 Morocco | MAR | 76 |
120 | 🇧🇳 Brunei Darussalam | BRN | 76 |
121 | 🇨🇰 Cook Islands | COK | 76 |
122 | 🇬🇩 Grenada | GRD | 76 |
123 | 🇲🇽 Mexico | MEX | 75 |
124 | 🇲🇺 Mauritius | MUS | 75 |
125 | 🇳🇮 Nicaragua | NIC | 75 |
126 | 🇧🇩 Bangladesh | BGD | 75 |
127 | 🇻🇳 Viet Nam | VNM | 75 |
128 | 🇺🇦 Ukraine | UKR | 75 |
129 | 🇧🇸 Bahamas | BHS | 75 |
130 | 🇬🇪 Georgia | GEO | 75 |
131 | 🇧🇾 Belarus | BLR | 75 |
132 | 🇦🇿 Azerbaijan | AZE | 75 |
133 | 🇰🇿 Kazakhstan | KAZ | 75 |
134 | 🇵🇾 Paraguay | PRY | 74 |
135 | 🇩🇴 Dominican Republic | DOM | 74 |
136 | 🇧🇿 Belize | BLZ | 74 |
137 | 🇸🇷 Suriname | SUR | 74 |
138 | 🇰🇵 North Korea | PRK | 74 |
139 | 🇹🇹 Trinidad & Tobago | TTO | 74 |
140 | 🇧🇹 Bhutan | BTN | 74 |
141 | 🇷🇺 Russia | RUS | 74 |
142 | 🇹🇴 Tonga | TON | 73 |
143 | 🇭🇳 Honduras | HND | 73 |
144 | 🇱🇾 Libya | LBY | 73 |
145 | 🇸🇨 Seychelles | SYC | 73 |
146 | 🇺🇸 American Samoa | ASM | 73 |
147 | 🇵🇸 Palestine | PSE | 73 |
148 | 🇱🇨 Saint Lucia | LCA | 73 |
149 | 🇸🇾 Syria | SYR | 73 |
150 | 🇬🇹 Guatemala | GTM | 73 |
151 | 🇻🇪 Venezuela | VEN | 73 |
152 | 🇺🇿 Uzbekistan | UZB | 73 |
153 | 🇮🇶 Iraq | IRQ | 73 |
154 | 🇸🇻 El Salvador | SLV | 73 |
155 | 🇮🇳 India | IND | 72 |
156 | 🇰🇳 Saint Kitts and Nevis | KNA | 72 |
157 | 🇲🇳 Mongolia | MNG | 72 |
158 | 🇹🇯 Tajikistan | TJK | 72 |
159 | 🇪🇬 Egypt | EGY | 72 |
160 | 🇰🇬 Kyrgyzstan | KGZ | 72 |
161 | 🇼🇸 Samoa | WSM | 72 |
162 | 🇻🇺 Vanuatu | VUT | 72 |
163 | 🇪🇭 Western Sahara | ESH | 72 |
164 | 🇯🇲 Jamaica | JAM | 72 |
165 | 🇻🇨 Saint Vincent & the Grenadines | VCT | 72 |
166 | 🇲🇩 Moldova | MDA | 71 |
167 | 🇩🇲 Dominica | DMA | 71 |
168 | 🇮🇩 Indonesia | IDN | 71 |
169 | 🇰🇭 Cambodia | KHM | 71 |
170 | 🇳🇵 Nepal | NPL | 71 |
171 | 🇸🇧 Solomon Islands | SLB | 71 |
172 | 🇬🇾 Guyana | GUY | 70 |
173 | 🇹🇲 Turkmenistan | TKM | 70 |
174 | 🇬🇱 Greenland | GRL | 70 |
175 | 🇳🇺 Niue | NIU | 70 |
176 | 🇸🇹 Sao Tome and Principe | STP | 70 |
177 | 🇵🇭 Philippines | PHL | 70 |
178 | 🇾🇪 Yemen | YEM | 70 |
179 | 🇵🇼 Palau | PLW | 69 |
180 | 🇱🇦 Laos | LAO | 69 |
181 | 🇧🇼 Botswana | BWA | 69 |
182 | 🇸🇳 Senegal | SEN | 69 |
183 | 🇪🇷 Eritrea | ERI | 69 |
184 | 🇲🇷 Mauritania | MRT | 69 |
185 | 🇧🇴 Bolivia | BOL | 69 |
186 | 🇺🇬 Uganda | UGA | 69 |
187 | 🇬🇦 Gabon | GAB | 69 |
188 | 🇷🇼 Rwanda | RWA | 68 |
189 | 🇹🇱 Timor-Leste | TLS | 68 |
190 | 🇵🇰 Pakistan | PAK | 68 |
191 | 🇪🇹 Ethiopia | ETH | 68 |
192 | 🇲🇼 Malawi | MWI | 68 |
193 | 🇳🇦 Namibia | NAM | 68 |
194 | 🇫🇯 Fiji | FJI | 68 |
195 | 🇫🇲 Micronesia | FSM | 68 |
196 | 🇹🇿 Tanzania | TZA | 67 |
197 | 🇹🇻 Tuvalu | TUV | 67 |
198 | 🇲🇲 Myanmar | MMR | 67 |
199 | 🇰🇲 Comoros | COM | 67 |
200 | 🇲🇭 Marshall Islands | MHL | 67 |
201 | 🇰🇮 Kiribati | KIR | 67 |
202 | 🇸🇩 Sudan | SDN | 67 |
203 | 🇿🇲 Zambia | ZMB | 67 |
204 | 🇦🇫 Afghanistan | AFG | 67 |
205 | 🇿🇦 South Africa | ZAF | 66 |
206 | 🇩🇯 Djibouti | DJI | 66 |
207 | 🇵🇬 Papua New Guinea | PNG | 66 |
208 | 🇬🇲 Gambia | GMB | 66 |
209 | 🇨🇬 Congo | COG | 66 |
210 | 🇬🇭 Ghana | GHA | 66 |
211 | 🇭🇹 Haiti | HTI | 65 |
212 | 🇦🇴 Angola | AGO | 65 |
213 | 🇬🇼 Guinea-Bissau | GNB | 64 |
214 | 🇸🇿 Eswatini | SWZ | 64 |
215 | 🇨🇲 Cameroon | CMR | 64 |
216 | 🇬🇶 Equatorial Guinea | GNQ | 64 |
217 | 🇲🇬 Madagascar | MDG | 64 |
218 | 🇰🇪 Kenya | KEN | 64 |
219 | 🇧🇮 Burundi | BDI | 64 |
220 | 🇲🇿 Mozambique | MOZ | 64 |
221 | 🇿🇼 Zimbabwe | ZWE | 63 |
222 | 🇹🇬 Togo | TGO | 63 |
223 | 🇱🇷 Liberia | LBR | 62 |
224 | 🇳🇷 Nauru | NRU | 62 |
225 | 🇨🇮 Côte d'Ivoire | CIV | 62 |
226 | 🇨🇩 DRC | COD | 62 |
227 | 🇸🇱 Sierra Leone | SLE | 62 |
228 | 🇳🇪 Niger | NER | 62 |
229 | 🇧🇫 Burkina Faso | BFA | 61 |
230 | 🇧🇯 Benin | BEN | 61 |
231 | 🇬🇳 Guinea | GIN | 61 |
232 | 🇲🇱 Mali | MLI | 61 |
233 | 🇸🇴 Somalia | SOM | 59 |
234 | 🇱🇸 Lesotho | LSO | 58 |
235 | 🇨🇫 Central African Republic | CAF | 58 |
236 | 🇸🇸 South Sudan | SSD | 58 |
237 | 🇹🇩 Chad | TCD | 55 |
238 | 🇳🇬 Nigeria | NGA | 55 |
Note: Figures rounded.
Most of the top 10 countries are similarly small-sized territories or countries.
However, Japan (#4), South Korea (#5), and Australia (#10) are the three top-10 countries with the highest life expectancies (84+) when accounting for a population of more than 20 million people.
Regionally, Western European countries have the highest life expectancies at birth. Their counterparts in Eastern Europe are a shade lower.
And despite Japan and South Korea’s performance, most Asians have life expectancies between 70–80 years. Pakistan, Afghanistan, and Papua New Guinea are below the 70-year threshold.
However, several African countries have a below-60 life expectancy, a projected lifespan that is a full 20 years shorter than Western European residents.
Nigeria has the lowest average life expectancy at birth, at 55 years.
What Life Expectancy Numbers Mean for Individuals
Life expectancies are tricky things to fully comprehend: in that they change throughout a person’s lifespan and are measured for entire cohorts born in a year.
For example, in countries with lower projected expectancies, it doesn’t necessarily mean adults don’t live as long.
A high infant mortality rate for a particular cohort of babies born in a year could reduce the projected lifespan of the entire cohort. However once a baby from that year survives to adulthood, they may very well reach their 70s.
In fact, data shows that the biggest difference between life expectancies of Africa and high-income regions are for those before the age of 5 and after 60.
This is because both babies and older adults have a need for specific medical infrastructure which many Africans don’t have access to.
Learn More on the Voronoi App 
There is a strong correlation between wealth and longer lifespans. Check out Countries with the Highest GDP per Capita in 2024 to see similarities.
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