Misc
Visualizing Two Decades of Reported Hate Crimes in the U.S.
Visualizing Two Decades of Reported Hate Crimes in the U.S.
Across the U.S., thousands of hate crimes are committed each year, with many different motivating biases.
In 2020 alone, more than 10,000 unique hate crime incidents were reported to the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI)—and it’s likely that thousands more were committed that didn’t get reported to law enforcement.
What are the most commonly reported motivating biases, and how have hate crime rates evolved over the years? This graphic uses data from the FBI to visualize two decades of reported hate crime incidents across America.
What is Considered a Hate Crime?
Before diving in, it’s important to determine what constitutes a hate crime.
According to the U.S. Department of Justice, a hate crime is a crime that’s “committed on the basis of the victim’s perceived or actual race, color, religion, national origin, sexual orientation, gender, gender identity, or disability.”
These types of crimes are a threat to society, as they have a broader impact on communities than other types of crimes do. This is because hate crimes can foster fear and intimidate large groups of people or marginalized communities, making them feel unwelcome, unsafe, or othered.
Hate Crimes on the Rise
Hate crimes have been rising across the U.S. in nearly every year since 2014. By 2020, reported crimes across America reached record-level highs not seen in over two decades.
Year | Number of Reported Incidents | % Change (y-o-y) |
---|---|---|
2001 | 9730 | 18.4% |
2002 | 7485 | -23.1% |
2003 | 7545 | 0.8% |
2004 | 7685 | 1.9% |
2005 | 7411 | -3.6% |
2006 | 7715 | 4.1% |
2007 | 7625 | -1.2% |
2008 | 8039 | 5.4% |
2009 | 6613 | -17.7% |
2010 | 6633 | 0.3% |
2011 | 6299 | -5.0% |
2012 | 6594 | 4.7% |
2013 | 6044 | -8.3% |
2014 | 5599 | -7.4% |
2015 | 5871 | 4.9% |
2016 | 6276 | 6.9% |
2017 | 7321 | 16.7% |
2018 | 7170 | -2.1% |
2019 | 7892 | 10.1% |
2020 | 10299 | 30.5% |
And sadly, these figures are likely a vast undercount. Law enforcement submit this data to the FBI of their own volition, and in 2020, thousands of agencies did not submit their crime statistics.
Race-Related Hate Crimes are Most Common
Historically, the most reported hate crimes in the U.S. are related to race. In 2020, about 66% of incidents were motivated by discrimination against the victim’s race or ethnicity.
Type of Bias | Total Number of Crimes (2020) | % of Total |
---|---|---|
Race/Ethnicity | 6793 | 66.0% |
Religion | 1626 | 15.8% |
Sexual Orientation | 1311 | 12.7% |
Other | 569 | 5.5% |
Total | 10299 | -- |
While race is the most commonly reported hate crime, incidents related to gender and gender identity are on the rise—in 2020, there was a 9% increase in gender-related incidents, and a 34% increase in gender identity-related incidents, compared to 2019 figures.

This article was published as a part of Visual Capitalist's Creator Program, which features data-driven visuals from some of our favorite Creators around the world.
Misc
The Most Reliable Used-Car Brands in 2025
Shopping for a used car? Discover the most reliable used-car brands of 2025, based on data from Consumer Reports.

Ranked: The Most Reliable Used-Car Brands in 2025
This was originally posted on our Voronoi app. Download the app for free on iOS or Android and discover incredible data-driven charts from a variety of trusted sources.
Key Takeaways
- Consumer Reports ranked 26 car brands based on the reliability of their 5- to 10-year-old models (2015-2020 model year)
- Japanese brands locked out the top five spots in this ranking
In today’s environment, buying a new car has become a stretch for many households—fueling demand in the used-car market. But not all used vehicles are created equal, and reliability plays a major role in long-term ownership costs.
For buyers looking to avoid expensive repairs down the road, brand reputation is more important than ever. In this graphic, we ranked the best used-car brands of 2025, using data from Consumer Reports.
Data & Methodology
To come up with these reliability scores, Consumer Reports asked its members to report how many problems they’ve had with their vehicles over the past 12 months.
This analysis focused only on cars from the 2015 to 2020 model year, with a sample size of over 150,000 vehicles.
Rank | Brand | Reliability Verdict |
---|---|---|
1 | 🇯🇵 Lexus | 81 |
2 | 🇯🇵 Toyota | 74 |
3 | 🇯🇵 Mazda | 63 |
4 | 🇯🇵 Honda | 56 |
5 | 🇯🇵 Acura | 55 |
6 | 🇺🇸 Buick | 53 |
7 | 🇸🇪 Volvo | 49 |
8 | 🇯🇵 Nissan | 49 |
9 | 🇯🇵 Subaru | 48 |
10 | 🇺🇸 Cadillac | 48 |
11 | 🇩🇪 Mercedes-Benz | 47 |
12 | 🇩🇪 BMW | 45 |
13 | 🇺🇸 Lincoln | 43 |
14 | 🇩🇪 Audi | 42 |
15 | 🇺🇸 Tesla | 40 |
16 | 🇩🇪 Volkswagen | 40 |
17 | 🇺🇸 Chevrolet | 40 |
18 | 🇺🇸 Ram | 38 |
19 | 🇺🇸 Ford | 38 |
20 | 🇰🇷 Kia | 37 |
21 | 🇺🇸 GMC | 36 |
22 | 🇰🇷 Hyundai | 36 |
23 | 🇬🇧 Mini | 33 |
24 | 🇺🇸 Dodge | 32 |
25 | 🇺🇸 Jeep | 31 |
26 | 🇺🇸 Chrysler | 29 |
From this data we can see that Japanese brands are generally the most reliable when buying used, with the lowest ranked Japanese brand being Subaru, in ninth place. Toyota and its luxury arm, Lexus, hold the top two spots, while Honda and Acura come in fourth and fifth.
Brands like Lexus and Toyota have a history of conservative redesigns, incrementally improving their entire product line rather than introducing many all-new systems. Our data consistently shows over time that cars from those brands are reliable when new, and they continue to be reliable as they age.
Steven Elek, Senior Automotive Data Analyst at Consumer Reports
Top Used-Car Picks in 2025
Consumer Reports has released its latest list of top used-car picks, all of which offer good reliability, safety, and value across various price points. These selections are based on comprehensive road tests and owner satisfaction surveys.
Category | Top Pick Model (Year) | Generation |
---|---|---|
Under $10,000 | Chevrolet Cruze (2017) | 2016–2019 |
Under $15,000 | Hyundai Elantra (2019) | 2017–2020 |
SUV Under $15,000 | Honda HR-V (2018) | 2016–2022 |
Hybrid Under $20,000 | Toyota Corolla Hybrid (2021) | 2020–2024 |
Small SUV Under $20,000 | Kia Sportage (2021) | 2017–2022 |
Hybrid SUV Under $20,000 | Toyota RAV4 Hybrid (2018) | 2016–2018 |
3-Row SUV Under $20,000 | Mazda CX-9 (2020) | 2016–2023 |
Luxury SUV Under $20,000 | Buick Envision (2020) | 2016–2020 |
Pickup Truck Under $20,000 | Toyota Tacoma (2015) | 2005–2015 |
Sports Car Under $20,000 | Mazda MX-5 Miata (2019) | 2016–2024 |
For more detailed information and additional recommendations, visit the full article on Consumer Reports.
Learn More on the Voronoi App 
If you enjoyed this post, check out our ranking of the most reliable new-car brands based on data from J.D. Power.
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