Misc
Visualizing Two Decades of Reported Hate Crimes in the U.S.
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Visualizing Two Decades of Reported Hate Crimes in the U.S.
Across the U.S., thousands of hate crimes are committed each year, with many different motivating biases.
In 2020 alone, more than 10,000 unique hate crime incidents were reported to the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI)—and it’s likely that thousands more were committed that didn’t get reported to law enforcement.
What are the most commonly reported motivating biases, and how have hate crime rates evolved over the years? This graphic uses data from the FBI to visualize two decades of reported hate crime incidents across America.
What is Considered a Hate Crime?
Before diving in, it’s important to determine what constitutes a hate crime.
According to the U.S. Department of Justice, a hate crime is a crime that’s “committed on the basis of the victim’s perceived or actual race, color, religion, national origin, sexual orientation, gender, gender identity, or disability.”
These types of crimes are a threat to society, as they have a broader impact on communities than other types of crimes do. This is because hate crimes can foster fear and intimidate large groups of people or marginalized communities, making them feel unwelcome, unsafe, or othered.
Hate Crimes on the Rise
Hate crimes have been rising across the U.S. in nearly every year since 2014. By 2020, reported crimes across America reached record-level highs not seen in over two decades.
Year | Number of Reported Incidents | % Change (y-o-y) |
---|---|---|
2001 | 9730 | 18.4% |
2002 | 7485 | -23.1% |
2003 | 7545 | 0.8% |
2004 | 7685 | 1.9% |
2005 | 7411 | -3.6% |
2006 | 7715 | 4.1% |
2007 | 7625 | -1.2% |
2008 | 8039 | 5.4% |
2009 | 6613 | -17.7% |
2010 | 6633 | 0.3% |
2011 | 6299 | -5.0% |
2012 | 6594 | 4.7% |
2013 | 6044 | -8.3% |
2014 | 5599 | -7.4% |
2015 | 5871 | 4.9% |
2016 | 6276 | 6.9% |
2017 | 7321 | 16.7% |
2018 | 7170 | -2.1% |
2019 | 7892 | 10.1% |
2020 | 10299 | 30.5% |
And sadly, these figures are likely a vast undercount. Law enforcement submit this data to the FBI of their own volition, and in 2020, thousands of agencies did not submit their crime statistics.
Race-Related Hate Crimes are Most Common
Historically, the most reported hate crimes in the U.S. are related to race. In 2020, about 66% of incidents were motivated by discrimination against the victim’s race or ethnicity.
Type of Bias | Total Number of Crimes (2020) | % of Total |
---|---|---|
Race/Ethnicity | 6793 | 66.0% |
Religion | 1626 | 15.8% |
Sexual Orientation | 1311 | 12.7% |
Other | 569 | 5.5% |
Total | 10299 | -- |
While race is the most commonly reported hate crime, incidents related to gender and gender identity are on the rise—in 2020, there was a 9% increase in gender-related incidents, and a 34% increase in gender identity-related incidents, compared to 2019 figures.

This article was published as a part of Visual Capitalist's Creator Program, which features data-driven visuals from some of our favorite Creators around the world.
Demographics
Mapped: Europe’s Population Crash (2025-2100P)
Europe’s population may start contracting as soon as 2026. Here’s how it’ll change for every country by 2100.

Mapped: What Europe’s Population Will Look Like in 2100
This was originally posted on our Voronoi app. Download the app for free on iOS or Android and discover incredible data-driven charts from a variety of trusted sources.
This map shows the projected change in population levels for every European country between now and the year 2100.
Data is sourced from the UN World Population Prospects 2024, using their medium variant estimates.
Ranked: Europe’s Population Change by Country
For the last few decades Europe’s birth rates have fallen below replacement rate (which keeps population levels the same), and this will only accelerate going into the future.
As a result, most European countries will see their population fall between now and the year 2100.
Country | ISO Code | 2025–2100 Population Change | % Change |
---|---|---|---|
🇬🇧 UK | GBR | +4.8M | +7% |
🇫🇷 France | FRA | +1.8M | +3% |
🇸🇪 Sweden | SWE | +710.3K | +7% |
🇨🇭 Switzerland | CHE | +158.7K | +2% |
🇱🇺 Luxembourg | LUX | +67.5K | +10% |
🇲🇨 Monaco | MCO | +9.1K | +24% |
🇱🇮 Liechtenstein | LIE | +3.5K | +9% |
🇸🇲 San Marino | SMR | -2.4K | -7% |
🇮🇪 Ireland | IRL | -21.9K | 0% |
🇦🇩 Andorra | AND | -35.7K | -43% |
🇮🇸 Iceland | ISL | -35.7K | -9% |
🇩🇰 Denmark | DNK | -139.3K | -2% |
🇲🇹 Malta | MLT | -185.5K | -34% |
🇳🇴 Norway | NOR | -209.5K | -4% |
🇲🇪 Montenegro | MNE | -306.7K | -48% |
🇸🇮 Slovenia | SVN | -485.0K | -23% |
🇪🇪 Estonia | EST | -518.7K | -39% |
🇽🇰 Kosovo | XKX | -579.4K | -35% |
🇧🇪 Belgium | BEL | -697.8K | -6% |
🇳🇱 Netherlands | NLD | -839.3K | -5% |
🇱🇻 Latvia | LVA | -928.2K | -50% |
🇲🇰 North Macedonia | MKD | -950.8K | -52% |
🇫🇮 Finland | FIN | -1.0M | -18% |
🇲🇩 Moldova | MDA | -1.5M | -50% |
🇦🇱 Albania | ALB | -1.6M | -57% |
🇱🇹 Lithuania | LTU | -1.6M | -57% |
🇵🇹 Portugal | PRT | -1.7M | -16% |
🇭🇷 Croatia | HRV | -1.7M | -44% |
🇦🇹 Austria | AUT | -1.7M | -19% |
🇧🇦 Bosnia & Herzegovina | BIH | -1.8M | -56% |
🇸🇰 Slovakia | SVK | -2.1M | -37% |
🇭🇺 Hungary | HUN | -2.2M | -23% |
🇨🇿 Czechia | CZE | -2.4M | -22% |
🇷🇸 Serbia | SRB | -3.0M | -45% |
🇧🇬 Bulgaria | BGR | -3.2M | -47% |
🇬🇷 Greece | GRC | -3.7M | -37% |
🇧🇾 Belarus | BLR | -4.6M | -52% |
🇷🇴 Romania | ROU | -8.1M | -43% |
🇩🇪 Germany | DEU | -13.1M | -16% |
🇪🇸 Spain | ESP | -14.8M | -31% |
🇷🇺 Russia | RUS | -17.6M | -12% |
🇵🇱 Poland | POL | -18.8M | -49% |
🇮🇹 Italy | ITA | -23.8M | -40% |
🇺🇦 Ukraine | UKR | -23.8M | -61% |
🇪🇺 Europe | EUR | -152.2M | -20% |
Naturally the most populous countries on the continent will see large swings, like Germany (-13.8 million), Poland (-18.8 million), and Italy (-23.8 million).
Regionally, Eastern Europe has seen declines since the 1990s, and that trend will only accelerate as this century progresses. Russia and Ukraine will together lose 40 million people by 2100.
Nevertheless, migration (both within the continent and from outside the region) can boost population levels.
For the UK (+4.8 million) and France (+1.8 million), this will lead to population growth rather than declines.
However, this is a small group. The UN projects that only seven European countries will have a larger population in 2100 than in 2025.
Important to remember that these are all estimates and can vary depending on the source. Eurostat (the official data source for the EU) has more countries in the green than the UN, though their estimates were made in 2022.
What Does This Mean For Europe?
A population decline is not something most economies are built for. Fewer people equals shrinking consumer demand, critical to the economy.
It also means a smaller tax net, which directly funds expansive social security measures that Europe is famous for.
For the last few decades migration into the region (from Asia and the Middle East) has kept the population growing.
However, the booster effect from international migration is set to drop off a lot closer than most expect. Eurostat projects that 2026 will be Europe’s peak population point, after which levels will begin to trend down.
Learn More on the Voronoi App 
Need more Europe info on your radar? Check out Europe’s Most In-Demand Jobs in case you’re looking to move.
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