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Charted: The Working Hours of Americans at Different Income Levels

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Charting showing average working hours of rich and poor in America

The Actual Working Hours of Different Income Levels

Do you really need to work 100-hour weeks for success?

In 2021, America’s top 10% of income earners made at least $129,181 a year—more than double the average individual income across the country.

When looking at differences between income groups, there are many preconceived notions about the work involved. But what are the actual average working hours for different income groups?

This graphic by Ruben Berge Mathisen uses the latest U.S. Census data to show the average working hours of Americans at different income levels.

Comparing Average Work Weeks

The data used for this graphic comes from the U.S. Census Bureau’s May 2022 Current Population Survey, which surveys more than 8,000 Americans from various socioeconomic backgrounds.

Importantly, the data reflects the average work hours that respondents in each income percentile “actually” work each week, and not what’s on their contract. This also includes overtime, other jobs, or side gigs.

According to the survey data, America’s top 10% income percentile works 4.4 hours more each week than those in the bottom 10%. And in surveys across other countries, though with hundreds of respondents instead of thousands, the discrepancy was similar:

While both income and wealth gaps are generally widening globally, it’s interesting to see that higher earners aren’t necessarily working more hours to achieve their increasingly larger salaries.

In fact, the top 10% in the 27 countries shown in the graphic are actually working around 1 hour less each week than the bottom 10%, at least among full-time workers.

Zooming Out: Average Working Hours per Country

Similarities arise when comparing average working hours across different countries. For starters, people living in poorer countries typically work longer hours.

According to Our World in Data, the average worker in Cambodia works about 9.4 hours a day, while in Switzerland, people work an average of 6 hours a day.

While many factors contribute to this discrepancy in working hours, one large factor cited is tech innovation, or things like physical machines, processes, and systems that make work more efficient and productive. This allows wealthier countries (and industries) to increase their output without putting in as many hours.

For example, from 1948 to 2011, farm production per hour in the U.S. became 16x more productive, thanks to innovations like improved machinery, better fertilizers, and more efficient land management systems.

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This article was published as a part of Visual Capitalist's Creator Program, which features data-driven visuals from some of our favorite Creators around the world.

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Which Countries Have the Most Spanish Speakers?

Mexico is the undisputed leader in Spanish speakers with 132.4 million speakers, more than double the next closest country

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Ranked: Countries by Number of Spanish Speakers

This was originally posted on our Voronoi app. Download the app for free on iOS or Android and discover incredible data-driven charts from a variety of trusted sources.

From bustling Madrid to the streets of Mexico City, Spanish echoes across continents as the world’s fourth-most spoken language, as of 2023.

Among United Nations member states and dependencies, Spanish also ranks as one of the most common official languages, surpassed only by English, French, and Arabic

This graphic visualizes the number and share of Spanish speakers in the top 20 countries with the most Spanish speakers, with native speakers and limited proficiency speakers included.

Figures for the number of Spanish speaker and population of Spanish-speaking countries comes from Instituto Cervantes for 2024, and population data used to calculate the share of Spanish speakers for the U.S, EU-27, and the UK come from the U.S. Census Bureau, Eurostat, and UK Office for National Statistics respectively.

Mexico Has Most Spanish Speakers

In the table below, we show the data for the number of Spanish speakers, the 2024 population, and the share of Spanish speakers in 20 countries.

Country/RegionTotal Spanish SpeakersPopulation (2024)Share of Spanish Speakers
🇲🇽 Mexico132,410,920132,490,415100%
🇺🇸 United States57,253,801341,004,89617%
🇨🇴 Colombia52,695,95252,695,952100%
🇪🇸 Spain48,107,46848,446,59499%
🇦🇷 Argentina46,846,84546,846,845100%
🇵🇪 Peru31,432,45535,371,49689%
🇻🇪 Venezuela29,395,33429,395,334100%
🇪🇺 European Union (EU-27)29,314,000449,200,0007%
🇨🇱 Chile20,086,37720,086,377100%
🇬🇹 Guatemala16,783,08117,843,13294%
🇪🇨 Ecuador16,599,84417,142,25497%
🇧🇴 Bolivia12,171,85612,332,25299%
🇨🇺 Cuba11,080,75611,174,58799%
🇩🇴 Dominican Republic10,792,33210,792,332100%
🇭🇳 Honduras9,892,6329,892,632100%
🇵🇾 Paraguay7,609,4467,656,21599%
🇳🇮 Nicaragua7,143,8477,143,847100%
🇸🇻 El Salvador6,399,4716,399,471100%
🇨🇷 Costa Rica5,309,6275,309,627100%
🇬🇧 United Kingdom5,099,25968,300,0007%

Mexico is the undisputed leader in Spanish speakers with 132.4 million speakers, more than double the next closest country (U.S. with 57.3 million). While Mexico is home to the most native Spanish speakers, about 6.1% of its population in 2020 cited speaking an Indigenous language.

The U.S. and the UK are home to a significant number of Spanish speakers, reflecting decades of Latin American immigration patterns.

In fact, the U.S. is home to more Spanish speakers than Spain itself, which isn’t much of a surprise given the countries’ population difference.

Despite having a population nearly seven times larger (341 million vs. 48 million), the U.S. only marginally surpasses Spain in total Spanish speakers (57.3 million vs. 48.1 million).

Spanish evolved from Vulgar Latin spoken in the Iberian Peninsula, incorporating influences from Visigothic, Arabic, and local indigenous languages during centuries of migration and conquest.

The language spread to the Americas through Spanish colonization beginning in the late 15th century, when conquistadors and missionaries imposed Spanish as the dominant language.

However, its dominance evolved over time through complex interactions that included both the suppression and absorption of indigenous languages like Nahuatl and Quechua, as well as strategic alliances that helped some languages thrive.

Learn More on the Voronoi App

Interested in more linguistic data visualizations? Check out this graphic that visualizes the current global landscape of languages that could become extinct, created by Stephen Jones from Visual Capitalist’s Creator Program.

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