Education
Visualizing Countries by Share of Earth’s Surface
Visualizing Countries by Share of Earth’s Surface
There are over 510 million square kilometers of area on the surface of Earth, but less than 30% of this is covered by land. The rest is water, in the form of vast oceans.
Today’s visualization uses data primarily from the United Nations Statistics Division (UNSD) to rank the world’s countries by their share of Earth’s surface.
Breakdown of Countries Share of Earth’s Surface
The largest countries by surface area are Russia (3.35%), Canada (1.96%), and China (1.88%).
Together they occupy roughly 7.2% of Earth’s surface. Russia is so big that even if we divided the country between its Asian and European sections, those new regions would still be the largest in their respective continents.
Country / Dependency | Total in km² (mi²) | Percentage of Earth's Surface |
---|---|---|
Russia | 17,098,246 (6,601,670) | 3.352% |
Antarctica | 14,000,000 (5,400,000) | 2.745% |
Canada | 9,984,670 (3,855,100) | 1.958% |
China | 9,596,961 (3,705,407) | 1.881% |
United States | 9,525,067 (3,677,649) | 1.867% |
Brazil | 8,515,767 (3,287,956) | 1.670% |
Australia | 7,692,024 (2,969,907) | 1.508% |
India | 3,287,263 (1,269,219) | 0.644% |
Argentina | 2,780,400 (1,073,500) | 0.545% |
Kazakhstan | 2,724,900 (1,052,100) | 0.534% |
Algeria | 2,381,741 (919,595) | 0.467% |
D.R. Congo | 2,344,858 (905,355) | 0.460% |
Greenland (Denmark) | 2,166,086 (836,330) | 0.425% |
Saudi Arabia | 2,149,690 (830,000) | 0.421% |
Mexico | 1,964,375 (758,449) | 0.385% |
Indonesia | 1,910,931 (737,815) | 0.375% |
Sudan | 1,861,484 (718,723) | 0.365% |
Libya | 1,759,540 (679,360) | 0.345% |
Iran | 1,648,195 (636,372) | 0.323% |
Mongolia | 1,564,110 (603,910) | 0.307% |
Peru | 1,285,216 (496,225) | 0.252% |
Chad | 1,284,000 (496,000) | 0.252% |
Niger | 1,267,000 (489,000) | 0.248% |
Angola | 1,246,700 (481,400) | 0.244% |
Mali | 1,240,192 (478,841) | 0.243% |
South Africa | 1,221,037 (471,445) | 0.239% |
Colombia | 1,141,748 (440,831) | 0.224% |
Ethiopia | 1,104,300 (426,400) | 0.216% |
Bolivia | 1,098,581 (424,164) | 0.215% |
Mauritania | 1,030,700 (398,000) | 0.202% |
Egypt | 1,002,450 (387,050) | 0.197% |
Tanzania | 945,087 (364,900) | 0.185% |
Nigeria | 923,768 (356,669) | 0.181% |
Venezuela | 916,445 (353,841) | 0.180% |
Pakistan | 907,843 (350,520) | 0.178% |
Namibia | 825,615 (318,772) | 0.162% |
Mozambique | 801,590 (309,500) | 0.157% |
Turkey | 783,562 (302,535) | 0.154% |
Chile | 756,102 (291,933) | 0.148% |
Zambia | 752,612 (290,585) | 0.148% |
Myanmar | 676,578 (261,228) | 0.133% |
Afghanistan | 652,230 (251,830) | 0.128% |
South Sudan | 644,329 (248,777) | 0.126% |
Somalia | 637,657 (246,201) | 0.125% |
Central African Republic | 622,984 (240,535) | 0.122% |
Ukraine | 603,500 (233,000) | 0.118% |
Madagascar | 587,041 (226,658) | 0.115% |
Botswana | 581,730 (224,610) | 0.114% |
Kenya | 580,367 (224,081) | 0.114% |
France | 543,940 (210,020) | 0.107% |
Yemen | 527,968 (203,850) | 0.104% |
Thailand | 513,120 (198,120) | 0.101% |
Spain | 505,992 (195,365) | 0.099% |
Turkmenistan | 488,100 (188,500) | 0.096% |
Cameroon | 475,442 (183,569) | 0.093% |
Papua New Guinea | 462,840 (178,700) | 0.091% |
Sweden | 450,295 (173,860) | 0.088% |
Uzbekistan | 447,400 (172,700) | 0.088% |
Morocco | 446,550 (172,410) | 0.088% |
Iraq | 438,317 (169,235) | 0.086% |
Paraguay | 406,752 (157,048) | 0.080% |
Zimbabwe | 390,757 (150,872) | 0.077% |
Norway | 385,207 (148,729) | 0.076% |
Japan | 377,976 (145,937) | 0.074% |
Germany | 357,114 (137,882) | 0.070% |
Republic of the Congo | 342,000 (132,000) | 0.067% |
Finland | 338,424 (130,666) | 0.066% |
Vietnam | 331,212 (127,882) | 0.065% |
Malaysia | 330,803 (127,724) | 0.065% |
Ivory Coast | 322,463 (124,504) | 0.063% |
Poland | 312,696 (120,733) | 0.061% |
Oman | 309,500 (119,500) | 0.061% |
Italy | 301,339 (116,348) | 0.059% |
Philippines | 300,000 (120,000) | 0.059% |
Ecuador | 276,841 (106,889) | 0.054% |
Burkina Faso | 274,222 (105,878) | 0.054% |
New Zealand | 270,467 (104,428) | 0.053% |
Gabon | 267,668 (103,347) | 0.052% |
Guinea | 245,857 (94,926) | 0.048% |
United Kingdom | 242,495 (93,628) | 0.048% |
Uganda | 241,550 (93,260) | 0.047% |
Ghana | 238,533 (92,098) | 0.047% |
Romania | 238,397 (92,046) | 0.047% |
Laos | 236,800 (91,400) | 0.046% |
Guyana | 214,969 (83,000) | 0.042% |
Belarus | 207,600 (80,200) | 0.041% |
Kyrgyzstan | 199,951 (77,202) | 0.039% |
Senegal | 196,722 (75,955) | 0.039% |
Syria | 185,180 (71,500) | 0.036% |
Cambodia | 181,035 (69,898) | 0.035% |
Uruguay | 176,215 (68,037) | 0.035% |
Somaliland | 176,120 (68,000) | 0.035% |
Suriname | 163,820 (63,250) | 0.032% |
Tunisia | 163,610 (63,170) | 0.032% |
Bangladesh | 148,460 (57,320) | 0.029% |
Nepal | 147,181 (56,827) | 0.029% |
Tajikistan | 143,100 (55,300) | 0.028% |
Greece | 131,957 (50,949) | 0.026% |
Nicaragua | 130,373 (50,337) | 0.026% |
North Korea | 120,540 (46,540) | 0.024% |
Malawi | 118,484 (45,747) | 0.023% |
Eritrea | 117,600 (45,400) | 0.023% |
Benin | 114,763 (44,310) | 0.022% |
Honduras | 112,492 (43,433) | 0.022% |
Liberia | 111,369 (43,000) | 0.022% |
Bulgaria | 111,002 (42,858) | 0.022% |
Cuba | 109,884 (42,426) | 0.022% |
Guatemala | 108,889 (42,042) | 0.021% |
Iceland | 103,000 (40,000) | 0.020% |
South Korea | 100,210 (38,690) | 0.020% |
Hungary | 93,028 (35,918) | 0.018% |
Portugal | 92,226 (35,609) | 0.018% |
Jordan | 89,342 (34,495) | 0.018% |
Serbia | 88,361 (34,116) | 0.017% |
Azerbaijan | 86,600 (33,400) | 0.017% |
Austria | 83,871 (32,383) | 0.016% |
United Arab Emirates | 83,600 (32,300) | 0.016% |
Czech Republic | 78,865 (30,450) | 0.015% |
Panama | 75,417 (29,119) | 0.015% |
Sierra Leone | 71,740 (27,700) | 0.014% |
Ireland | 70,273 (27,133) | 0.014% |
Georgia | 69,700 (26,900) | 0.014% |
Sri Lanka | 65,610 (25,330) | 0.013% |
Lithuania | 65,300 (25,200) | 0.013% |
Latvia | 64,559 (24,926) | 0.013% |
Togo | 56,785 (21,925) | 0.011% |
Croatia | 56,594 (21,851) | 0.011% |
Bosnia and Herzegovina | 51,209 (19,772) | 0.010% |
Costa Rica | 51,100 (19,700) | 0.010% |
Slovakia | 49,037 (18,933) | 0.010% |
Dominican Republic | 48,671 (18,792) | 0.010% |
Estonia | 45,227 (17,462) | 0.009% |
Denmark | 43,094 (16,639) | 0.008% |
Netherlands | 41,850 (16,160) | 0.008% |
Switzerland | 41,284 (15,940) | 0.008% |
Bhutan | 38,394 (14,824) | 0.008% |
Taiwan | 36,193 (13,974) | 0.007% |
Guinea-Bissau | 36,125 (13,948) | 0.007% |
Moldova | 33,846 (13,068) | 0.007% |
Belgium | 30,528 (11,787) | 0.006% |
Lesotho | 30,355 (11,720) | 0.006% |
Armenia | 29,743 (11,484) | 0.006% |
Solomon Islands | 28,896 (11,157) | 0.006% |
Albania | 28,748 (11,100) | 0.006% |
Equatorial Guinea | 28,051 (10,831) | 0.005% |
Burundi | 27,834 (10,747) | 0.005% |
Haiti | 27,750 (10,710) | 0.005% |
Rwanda | 26,338 (10,169) | 0.005% |
North Macedonia | 25,713 (9,928) | 0.005% |
Djibouti | 23,200 (9,000) | 0.005% |
Belize | 22,966 (8,867) | 0.005% |
El Salvador | 21,041 (8,124) | 0.004% |
Israel | 20,770 (8,020) | 0.004% |
Slovenia | 20,273 (7,827) | 0.004% |
Fiji | 18,272 (7,055) | 0.004% |
Kuwait | 17,818 (6,880) | 0.003% |
Eswatini | 17,364 (6,704) | 0.003% |
East Timor | 14,919 (5,760) | 0.003% |
The Bahamas | 13,943 (5,383) | 0.003% |
Montenegro | 13,812 (5,333) | 0.003% |
Vanuatu | 12,189 (4,706) | 0.002% |
Qatar | 11,586 (4,473) | 0.002% |
The Gambia | 11,295 (4,361) | 0.002% |
Jamaica | 10,991 (4,244) | 0.002% |
Kosovo | 10,887 (4,203) | 0.002% |
Lebanon | 10,452 (4,036) | 0.002% |
Cyprus | 9,251 (3,572) | 0.002% |
State of Palestine | 6,020 (2,320) | 0.001% |
Brunei | 5,765 (2,226) | 0.001% |
Trinidad and Tobago | 5,130 (1,980) | 0.001% |
Cape Verde | 4,033 (1,557) | 0.001% |
Samoa | 2,842 (1,097) | 0.001% |
Luxembourg | 2,586 (998) | 0.001% |
Mauritius | 2,040 (790) | 0.000% |
Comoros | 1,862 (719) | 0.000% |
São Tomé and Príncipe | 964 (372) | 0.000% |
Kiribati | 811 (313) | 0.000% |
Bahrain | 778 (300) | 0.000% |
Dominica | 751 (290) | 0.000% |
Tonga | 747 (288) | 0.000% |
Singapore | 728 (281) | 0.000% |
Federated States of Micronesia | 702 (271) | 0.000% |
Saint Lucia | 616 (238) | 0.000% |
Andorra | 468 (181) | 0.000% |
Palau | 459 (177) | 0.000% |
Seychelles | 452 (175) | 0.000% |
Antigua and Barbuda | 442 (171) | 0.000% |
Barbados | 430 (170) | 0.000% |
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines | 389 (150) | 0.000% |
Grenada | 344 (133) | 0.000% |
Malta | 316 (122) | 0.000% |
Maldives | 300 (120) | 0.000% |
Saint Kitts and Nevis | 261 (101) | 0.000% |
Marshall Islands | 181 (70) | 0.000% |
Liechtenstein | 160 (62) | 0.000% |
San Marino | 61 (24) | 0.000% |
Tuvalu | 26 (10) | 0.000% |
Nauru | 21 (8.1) | 0.000% |
Monaco | 2.02 (0.78) | 0.000% |
Vatican City | 0.49 (0.19) | 0.000% |
Antarctica, although not a country, covers the second largest amount of land overall at 2.75%. Meanwhile, the other nations that surpass the 1% mark for surface area include the United States (1.87%), Brazil (1.67%), and Australia (1.51%).
The remaining 195 countries and regions below 1%, combined, account for the other half of Earth’s land surface. Among the world’s smallest countries are the island nations of the Caribbean and the South Pacific Ocean. However, the tiniest of the tiny are Vatican City and Monaco, which combine for a total area of just 2.51 km².
The remaining 70% of Earth’s surface is water: 27% territorial waters and 43% international waters or areas beyond national jurisdiction.
Areas Beyond National Jurisdiction
In the past, nations adhered to the freedom-of-the-seas doctrine, a 17th century principle that limited jurisdiction over the oceans to a narrow area along a nation’s coastline. The rest of the seas did not belong to any nation and were free for countries to travel and exploit.
This situation lasted into the 20th century, but by mid-century there was an effort to extend national claims as competition for offshore resources became increasingly fierce and ocean pollution became an issue.
In 1982, the United Nations adopted the Law of the Sea Convention which extended international law over the extra-territorial waters. The convention established freedom-of-navigation rights and set territorial sea boundaries 12 miles (19 km) offshore with exclusive economic zones up to 200 miles (322 km) offshore, extending a country’s influence over maritime resources.
Does Size Matter?
The size of countries is the outcome of politics, economics, history, and geography. Put simply, borders can change over time.
In 1946, there were 76 independent countries in the world, and today there are 195. There are forces that push together or pull apart landscapes over time. While physical geography plays a role in the identity of nations, Sheikh Zayed bin Sultan Al Nahyan, the former ruler of UAE, a tiny Gulf nation, put it best:
“A country is not measured by the size of its area on the map. A country is truly measured by its heritage and culture.”
Misc
Visualized: The Best Universities in America
What are the 50 best universities in America? From Harvard (#3) to The Ohio State University (#49), where does your school rank?

Visualized: The Best Universities in America
The United States is home to many world-class universities like Harvard, Princeton, and Yale, which boast innovative research programs, famous alumni, prestigious awards, and students and faculty from all over the world.
But which schools are actually the best ones in America?
This ranking uses data from U.S. News & World Report to rank America’s 50 best universities from the Ivy League to public institutions. Additionally, this visual shows the average tuition and acceptance rate of each school.
The Methodology
Here’s a look at how different categories are scored in the ranking. It is worth noting that U.S. News relies on each university’s independent reporting of data and information and does not standardize or corroborate the reported information themselves.
How categories are weighted:
- Graduation & Retention Rates = 22%
- Undergraduate Academic Reputation = 20%
- Faculty Resources = 20%
- Financial Resources per Student = 10%
- Graduation Rate Performance = 8%
- Student Selectivity for Fall Entering Class = 7%
- Social Mobility = 5%
- Graduate Indebtedness = 5%
- Average Alumni Giving Rate = 3%
The Top Schools
Ivy League universities are often assumed to be the top schools in America, but in reality, only four of the eight make the top 10.
Here’s a closer look:
Rank | University | Acceptance Rate | School Type | Tuition and Fees (Private or Public Out-of-State) | In-State Tuition (Public Institutions Only) | State |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
#1 | Princeton University | 4% | Private, Ivy League | $57,410 | N/A | New Jersey |
#2 | Massachusetts Institute of Technology | 4% | Private | $57,986 | N/A | Massachusetts |
#3 | Yale University | 5% | Private, Ivy League | $62,250 | N/A | Connecticut |
#3 | Harvard University | 4% | Private, Ivy League | $57,261 | N/A | Massachusetts |
#3 | Stanford University | 4% | Private | $56,169 | N/A | California |
#6 | University of Chicago | 6% | Private | $62,940 | N/A | Illinois |
#7 | University of Pennsylvania | 6% | Private, Ivy League | $63,452 | N/A | Pennsylvania |
#7 | Johns Hopkins University | 8% | Private | $60,480 | N/A | Maryland |
#9 | California Institute of Technology | 4% | Private | $60,864 | N/A | California |
#10 | Northwestern University | 7% | Private | $63,468 | N/A | Illinois |
#10 | Duke University | 6% | Private | $63,054 | N/A | North Carolina |
#12 | Dartmouth College | 6% | Private, Ivy League | $62,430 | N/A | New Hampshire |
#13 | Brown University | 6% | Private, Ivy League | $65,146 | N/A | Rhode Island |
#13 | Vanderbilt University | 7% | Private | $60,348 | N/A | Tennessee |
#15 | Washington University in St. Louis | 13% | Private | $60,590 | N/A | Missouri |
#15 | Rice University | 9% | Private | $54,960 | N/A | Texas |
#17 | Cornell University | 9% | Private, Ivy League, Land-Grant | $63,200 | N/A | New York |
#18 | Columbia University | 6% | Private, Ivy League | $65,524 | N/A | New York |
#18 | University of Notre Dame | 15% | Private | $60,301 | N/A | Indiana |
#20 | University of California, Los Angeles | 11% | Public | $44,830 | $13,804 | California |
#20 | University of California, Berkeley | 15% | Public | $43,980 | $14,226 | California |
#22 | Georgetown University | 12% | Private | $62,052 | N/A | District of Columbia |
#22 | Carnegie Mellon University | 14% | Private | $61,344 | N/A | Pennsylvania |
#22 | Emory University | 13% | Private | $57,948 | N/A | Georgia |
#25 | University of Southern California | 13% | Private | $64,726 | N/A | California |
#25 | New York University | 13% | Private | $58,168 | N/A | New York |
#25 | University of Michigan--Ann Arbor | 20% | Public | $57,273 | $17,786 | Michigan |
#25 | University of Virginia | 21% | Public | $56,837 | $21,381 | Virginia |
#29 | Wake Forest University | 25% | Private | $62,128 | N/A | North Carolina |
#29 | University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill | 19% | Public | $37,558 | $8,998 | North Carolina |
#29 | University of Florida | 30% | Public, Land-Grant | $28,658 | $6,380 | Florida |
#32 | Tufts University | 11% | Private | $65,222 | N/A | Massachussets |
#32 | University of California, Santa Barbara | 29% | Public | $44,204 | $14,450 | California |
#34 | University of California, San Diego | 34% | Public | $46,374 | $15,348 | California |
#34 | University of California, Irvine | 29% | Public | $43,739 | $13,985 | California |
#36 | Boston College | 19% | Private | $64,176 | N/A | Massachussetts |
#36 | University of Rochester | 41% | Private | $61,678 | N/A | New York |
#38 | University of California, Davis | 49% | Public | $44,494 | $14,740 | California |
#38 | University of Texas at Austin | 29% | Public | $40,996 | $11,752 | Texas |
#38 | University of Wisconsin--Madison | 60% | Public, Land-Grant | $39,427 | $10,796 | Wisconsin |
#41 | Boston University | 19% | Public | $62,360 | $18,229 | Massachussetts |
#41 | William & Mary | 37% | Public | $46,625 | $23,970 | Virginia |
#41 | University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign | 6% | Public, Land-Grant | $35,110 | $17,138 | Illinois |
#44 | Tulane University | 10% | Private | $62,844 | N/A | Louisiana |
#44 | Brandeis University | 39% | Private | $62,722 | N/A | Massachussets |
#44 | Case Western Reserve University | 30% | Private | $62,234 | N/A | Ohio |
#44 | Northeastern University | 18% | Private | $60,192 | N/A | Massachusse |
#44 | Georgia Institute of Technology | 18% | Private | $32,876 | $11,764 | Georgia |
#49 | The Ohio State University | 57% | Private, Land-Grant | $35,019 | $11,936 | Ohio |
#49 | University of Georgia | 40% | Private, Land-Grant | $30,220 | $11,180 | Georgia |
One of the Ivies, Columbia University, actually dropped 16 spots from last year’s ranking due to a scandal involving misreported statistics by the university, which was exposed by one of its own professors. There have been critiques of the U.S. News & World Report ranking since, as it doesn’t provide a uniform set of standards for the universities, but lets them determine how they score their categories themselves.
Among the top 10 schools admittance is very competitive, and none of the acceptance rates surpass the 7% mark. Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Stanford University, and Caltech are among the most difficult universities to get into, with only 4% of applicants receiving that exciting acceptance letter. On the flip side, the universities of Illinois and Wisconsin, for example, accept 60% of all applicants.
Types of Universities
A few more things to know—there are eight private schools in the U.S. that have earned the distinction of “Ivy League,” due to their history and prestige. A number of schools are also classified as land-grant universities—built on land which was essentially given to them by the U.S. government. This was in an effort to provide higher education to lacking communities across the country, and there is at least one in every state.
These are the U.S.’ eight Ivy League Institutions:
- Princeton University
- Yale University
- Columbia University
- Brown University
- Harvard University
- Cornell University
- Dartmouth University
- University of Pennsylvania
Beyond these prestigious academies, there are many high caliber institutions like The Ohio State University and the University of Wisconsin—both of which are land-grant universities.
Among the top 50, there are another four land-grant universities:
- University of Florida
- University of Georgia
- University of Illinois
- Cornell University
There is ripe controversy, however, surrounding land-grant universities, as, in many cases, the U.S. government funded these institutions through expropriated indigenous land.
The Cost of an American Education
U.S. college tuition is famous for being unaffordable. Combining all the federal and private loans in the country, the total student debt comes out to $1.75 trillion and the average borrower owes $28,950.
Here’s a look at how tuition breaks down on average:
The most expensive school in America is Columbia University, with the cost of admission coming out to a whopping $65,524, with some estimates showing even higher rates for the 2022/2023 academic year. The least expensive among the top 50 is the University of Florida at $6,380 for in-state tuition—more than 10x cheaper than Columbia.
But many Americans may soon see their college loans forgiven. The Biden administration’s initiative to cancel student debt will roll out any day now and will be available on federal loans for select qualifying individuals. It has the potential to provide 40 million people with as much as $20,000 in debt forgiveness.
And given that American universities make up eight of the 10 best universities in the world, perhaps the price tag will be worth it.
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