Charted: The Current State of the World’s Nuclear Arsenal

The State of the World’s Nuclear Arsenal

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Despite significant reductions since the Cold War, nine countries collectively maintain over 12,000 nuclear warheads.

This graphic illustrates the global nuclear arsenal, using estimated inventories from the Federation of American Scientists as of August 2024.

Post-Cold War Inventory

Russia and the United States account for approximately 90% of all nuclear warheads worldwide. While Russia has a larger total inventory, the U.S. deploys more warheads on intercontinental missiles and heavy bomber bases.

Of the 12,121 nuclear warheads globally, about 9,585 remain in active military stockpiles, with the rest retired but largely intact.

Types of Warheads

• Deployed Warheads: Installed on intercontinental missiles, heavy bomber bases, or operational short-range delivery systems.
• Reserve Warheads: Stored and not mounted on launchers.
• Retired Warheads: Intact but awaiting dismantlement.

The Impact of a Nuclear Detonation

The detonation of a single nuclear bomb over a major city could kill millions. A large-scale nuclear war between the U.S. and Russia could result in hundreds of millions of casualties.

In the long term, nuclear weapons emit ionizing radiation, which can harm or kill those exposed, pollute the environment, and lead to lasting health issues, including cancer and genetic damage.

Experts estimate that around 2.4 million people globally will ultimately die from cancers linked to atmospheric nuclear tests conducted between 1945 and 1980.

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If you enjoyed this topic, check out this graphic that shows cumulative uranium production by country in modern history.