Misc
The 14 Best Visual Capitalist Infographics of 2014
For the final post of 2014, we’ve decided to come up with a list of the best original infographics of 2014 that were posted on the site. We based the list on a variety of criteria including views, comments from our audience, social media shares, and our own subjective opinion.
Click on any link below to visit the full version of each infographic on the list.
Also, if you don’t already get our daily infographics and other visual content, make sure you connect with us here.
14. How 3D Printing is Shaping Business
Our 3D Printing infographic showed how additive manufacturing technology works, as well as how it may impact industries in the future. While consumer electronics is currently the biggest market with 22% market share, as adoption increases, 3D printing is expected to set to change the business of medicine, defense, vehicle manufacturing, jewelry, and much more.
13. How to Test for Fake Gold or Silver
This summer, working with Silver.com, we showed how bullion buyers can test for fake gold or silver. In recent years there have been various concerning cases of bullion counterfeiting, and so investors should be aware of these methods to ensure their gold and silver are the real deal.
12. A New Vision of the Mining Company of the Future
We presented a vision of the Mining Company of the Future in this infographic and accompanying video version. Mining companies today face a complexity of problems: spiraling costs, government intervention, deepening pits, lower ore grades, and declining productivity are just some of the issues. These graphics convey a framework developed by KIN Catalyst through years of conferences, consultation, and hard work.
11. Is Vancouver a Legitimate Tech Hub?
If you’re asking yourself if Vancouver is able to directly compare with Silicon Valley, the answer is a resolute “no”. To put things in perspective, Silicon Valley boasts at least 10x more tech employees, 20x more venture capital deals, and an unsurpassed track record of success. In fact, California alone grabbed a hefty 47% of all North American venture capital funding in 2013. However, the Canadian city is trending in the right direction and in this infographic we look at the evidence on both sides.
10. Peak Population
By 2100, our global population is to be between 9.6 and 12.3 billion. In the first part of our Peak Population Series we look at the crunch that a growing global population will put on natural resources.
9. Medical Marijuana in Canada
On April 1, 2014, Canadian legislation changed significantly around medical marijuana. In our Medical Marijuana in Canada infographic we look at the new regulations, the market for medical cannabis, and its uses and treatments.
8. Everything You Need to Know About the Swiss Gold Referendum
In November, Switzerland had a potential game-changing referendum on their central bank’s use of gold. The vote ended up being a firm “no”, but in this Swiss Referendum infographic we looked at the potential implications that a “yes” vote would have brought in Switzerland and the rest of the world.
7. The Definitive History of Bitcoin
We put together an ambitious five year history of Bitcoin together all the way from its inception to the end of 2013. See the Definitive History of Bitcoin in all of its glory as every notable event is compiled in one place in beautiful detail.
6. The Many Phases of Silver (Silver Series)
In the first part of our new Silver Series presented by Silver.com we covered the many phases of silver: its uses as a monetary, health, and industrial metal.
5. The Narwhal Club: Home to Canada’s $1B Tech Startups
The Narwhal Club is Canada’s answer to Aileen Lee’s idea of a “Unicorn Club” for $1B+ valued startups in the United States. Working with Garibaldi Capital Advisors we compiled and curated a list of all tech startups in Canada worth over $1 Billion, including many companies that are on the verge of success.
4. Space Wars: The Private Sector Strikes Back
The space industry is rapidly changing, and there are about a dozen private companies that are helping to shape the future of space travel. From space tourism to dreams of harvesting asteroids, we cover the movers and shakers of Space’s Private Sector in this infographic.
3. Inside Tesla’s $5 Billion Gigafactory
Recently, Tesla made the bold decision to build a $5 Billion factory to mass produce batteries with economies of scale. In this infographic on the Tesla Gigafactory, we look at the implications of this decision with regards to natural resources such as graphite, cobalt, and lithium.
2. A Year’s Extraction of Metal Shown Next to Landmarks and Cities
In this infographic slideshow, we asked ourselves how big a year’s extraction of various metals would be if they were put in a hypothetical cube. Some of the answers will surprise you.
1. The Gold Series
In our Gold Series, we covered everything on the yellow metal including its rich history, supply and geology, demand and uses, investment upside, and predictions for the future. Spanning five infographic parts, The Gold Series is a world class collection of informational and educational content on the fundamentals of gold investing. This series was viewed more than any other infographic this year.
Politics
Mapped: The World’s Legal Government Systems
The political regimes of the world’s countries have changed over centuries. This map charts the nine government systems that rule the world today.

Mapping The World’s Legal Government Systems
With over 200 countries existing across the world with unique cultures and traditions, one might assume that there are hundreds of types of government systems. But both historically and in modern times, that’s not the case.
Even while political regimes across these countries have changed over time, they’ve largely followed a few different types of governance. Today, every country can ultimately be classified into just nine broad forms of government systems.
This map by Truman Du uses information from Wikipedia to map the government systems that rule the world today.
Countries By Type of Government
It’s important to note that this map charts government systems according to each country’s legal framework.
Many countries have constitutions stating their de jure or legally recognized system of government, but their de facto or realized form of governance may be quite different.
Here is a list of the stated government system of UN member states and observers as of January 2023:
Country | Constitutional form | Head of state |
---|---|---|
Afghanistan | Provisional | n/a |
Albania | Republic | Ceremonial |
Algeria | Republic | Executive |
Andorra | Constitutional monarchy | Ceremonial |
Angola | Republic | Executive |
Antigua and Barbuda | Constitutional monarchy | Ceremonial |
Argentina | Republic | Executive |
Armenia | Republic | Ceremonial |
Australia | Constitutional monarchy | Ceremonial |
Austria | Republic | Ceremonial |
Azerbaijan | Republic | Executive |
Bahamas, The | Constitutional monarchy | Ceremonial |
Bahrain | Constitutional monarchy | Executive |
Bangladesh | Republic | Ceremonial |
Barbados | Republic | Ceremonial |
Belarus | Republic | Executive |
Belgium | Constitutional monarchy | Ceremonial |
Belize | Constitutional monarchy | Ceremonial |
Benin | Republic | Executive |
Bhutan | Constitutional monarchy | Executive |
Bolivia | Republic | Executive |
Bosnia and Herzegovina | Republic | Ceremonial |
Botswana | Republic | Executive |
Brazil | Republic | Executive |
Brunei | Absolute monarchy | Executive |
Bulgaria | Republic | Ceremonial |
Burkina Faso | Provisional | n/a |
Burundi | Republic | Executive |
Cambodia | Constitutional monarchy | Ceremonial |
Cameroon | Republic | Executive |
Canada | Constitutional monarchy | Ceremonial |
Cape Verde | Republic | Executive |
Central African Republic | Republic | Executive |
Chad | Provisional | n/a |
Chile | Republic | Executive |
China, People's Republic of | Republic | Ceremonial |
Colombia | Republic | Executive |
Comoros | Republic | Executive |
Congo, Democratic Republic of the | Republic | Executive |
Congo, Republic of the | Republic | Executive |
Costa Rica | Republic | Executive |
Côte d'Ivoire | Republic | Executive |
Croatia | Republic | Ceremonial |
Cuba | Republic | Executive |
Cyprus | Republic | Executive |
Czech Republic | Republic | Ceremonial |
Denmark | Constitutional monarchy | Ceremonial |
Djibouti | Republic | Executive |
Dominica | Republic | Ceremonial |
Dominican Republic | Republic | Executive |
East Timor | Republic | Executive |
Ecuador | Republic | Executive |
Egypt | Republic | Executive |
El Salvador | Republic | Executive |
Equatorial Guinea | Republic | Executive |
Eritrea | Republic | Executive |
Estonia | Republic | Ceremonial |
Eswatini | Absolute monarchy | Executive |
Ethiopia | Republic | Ceremonial |
Fiji | Republic | Ceremonial |
Finland | Republic | Ceremonial |
France | Republic | Executive |
Gabon | Republic | Executive |
Gambia, The | Republic | Executive |
Georgia | Republic | Ceremonial |
Germany | Republic | Ceremonial |
Ghana | Republic | Executive |
Greece | Republic | Ceremonial |
Grenada | Constitutional monarchy | Ceremonial |
Guatemala | Republic | Executive |
Guinea | Provisional | n/a |
Guinea-Bissau | Republic | Executive |
Guyana | Republic | Executive |
Haiti | Republic | Executive |
Honduras | Republic | Executive |
Hungary | Republic | Ceremonial |
Iceland | Republic | Ceremonial |
India | Republic | Ceremonial |
Indonesia | Republic | Executive |
Iran | Republic | Executive |
Iraq | Republic | Ceremonial |
Ireland | Republic | Ceremonial |
Israel | Republic | Ceremonial |
Italy | Republic | Ceremonial |
Jamaica | Constitutional monarchy | Ceremonial |
Japan | Constitutional monarchy | Ceremonial |
Jordan | Constitutional monarchy | Executive |
Kazakhstan | Republic | Executive |
Kenya | Republic | Executive |
Kiribati | Republic | Executive |
Kuwait | Constitutional monarchy | Executive |
Kyrgyzstan | Republic | Executive |
Laos | Republic | Executive |
Latvia | Republic | Ceremonial |
Lebanon | Republic | Ceremonial |
Lesotho | Constitutional monarchy | Ceremonial |
Liberia | Republic | Executive |
Libya | Provisional | n/a |
Liechtenstein | Constitutional monarchy | Executive |
Lithuania | Republic | Executive |
Luxembourg | Constitutional monarchy | Ceremonial |
Madagascar | Republic | Executive |
Malawi | Republic | Executive |
Malaysia | Constitutional monarchy | Ceremonial |
Maldives | Republic | Executive |
Mali | Provisional | n/a |
Malta | Republic | Ceremonial |
Marshall Islands | Republic | Executive |
Mauritania | Republic | Executive |
Mauritius | Republic | Ceremonial |
Mexico | Republic | Executive |
Micronesia | Republic | Executive |
Moldova | Republic | Ceremonial |
Monaco | Constitutional monarchy | Executive |
Mongolia | Republic | Executive |
Montenegro | Republic | Ceremonial |
Morocco | Constitutional monarchy | Executive |
Mozambique | Republic | Executive |
Myanmar | Provisional | n/a |
Namibia | Republic | Executive |
Nauru | Republic | Executive |
Nepal | Republic | Ceremonial |
Netherlands | Constitutional monarchy | Ceremonial |
New Zealand | Constitutional monarchy | Ceremonial |
Nicaragua | Republic | Executive |
Niger | Republic | Executive |
Nigeria | Republic | Executive |
North Korea | Republic | Executive |
North Macedonia | Republic | Ceremonial |
Norway | Constitutional monarchy | Ceremonial |
Oman | Absolute monarchy | Executive |
Pakistan | Republic | Ceremonial |
Palau | Republic | Executive |
Palestine | Republic | Executive |
Panama | Republic | Executive |
Papua New Guinea | Constitutional monarchy | Ceremonial |
Paraguay | Republic | Executive |
Peru | Republic | Executive |
Philippines | Republic | Executive |
Poland | Republic | Ceremonial |
Portugal | Republic | Executive |
Qatar | Constitutional monarchy | Executive |
Romania | Republic | Executive |
Russia | Republic | Executive |
Rwanda | Republic | Executive |
Saint Kitts and Nevis | Constitutional monarchy | Ceremonial |
Saint Lucia | Constitutional monarchy | Ceremonial |
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines | Constitutional monarchy | Ceremonial |
Samoa | Republic | Ceremonial |
San Marino | Republic | Executive |
São Tomé and Príncipe | Republic | Executive |
Saudi Arabia | Absolute monarchy | Executive |
Senegal | Republic | Executive |
Serbia | Republic | Ceremonial |
Seychelles | Republic | Executive |
Sierra Leone | Republic | Executive |
Singapore | Republic | Ceremonial |
Slovakia | Republic | Ceremonial |
Slovenia | Republic | Ceremonial |
Solomon Islands | Constitutional monarchy | Ceremonial |
Somalia | Republic | Ceremonial |
South Africa | Republic | Executive |
South Korea | Republic | Executive |
South Sudan | Republic | Executive |
Spain | Constitutional monarchy | Ceremonial |
Sri Lanka | Republic | Executive |
Sudan | Provisional | n/a |
Suriname | Republic | Executive |
Sweden | Constitutional monarchy | Ceremonial |
Switzerland | Republic | Executive |
Syria | Republic | Executive |
Tajikistan | Republic | Executive |
Tanzania | Republic | Executive |
Thailand | Constitutional monarchy | Ceremonial |
Togo | Republic | Executive |
Tonga | Constitutional monarchy | Executive |
Trinidad and Tobago | Republic | Ceremonial |
Tunisia | Republic | Executive |
Turkey | Republic | Executive |
Turkmenistan | Republic | Executive |
Tuvalu | Constitutional monarchy | Ceremonial |
Uganda | Republic | Executive |
Ukraine | Republic | Executive |
United Arab Emirates | Constitutional monarchy | Executive |
United Kingdom | Constitutional monarchy | Ceremonial |
United States | Republic | Executive |
Uruguay | Republic | Executive |
Uzbekistan | Republic | Executive |
Vanuatu | Republic | Ceremonial |
Vatican City | Absolute monarchy | Executive |
Venezuela | Republic | Executive |
Vietnam | Republic | Executive |
Yemen | Provisional | n/a |
Zambia | Republic | Executive |
Zimbabwe | Republic | Executive |
Let’s take a closer look at some of these systems.
Monarchies
Brought back into the spotlight after the death of Queen Elizabeth II of England in September 2022, this form of government has a single ruler. They carry titles from king and queen to sultan or emperor, and their government systems can be further divided into three modern types: constitutional, semi-constitutional, and absolute.
A constitutional monarchy sees the monarch act as head of state within the parameters of a constitution, giving them little to no real power. For example, King Charles III is the head of 15 Commonwealth nations including Canada and Australia. However, each has their own head of government.
On the other hand, a semi-constitutional monarchy lets the monarch or ruling royal family retain substantial political powers, as is the case in Jordan and Morocco. However, their monarchs still rule the country according to a democratic constitution and in concert with other institutions.
Finally, an absolute monarchy is most like the monarchies of old, where the ruler has full power over governance, with modern examples including Saudi Arabia and Vatican City.
Republics
Unlike monarchies, the people hold the power in a republic government system, directly electing representatives to form government. Again, there are multiple types of modern republic governments: presidential, semi-presidential, and parliamentary.
The presidential republic could be considered a direct progression from monarchies. This system has a strong and independent chief executive with extensive powers when it comes to domestic affairs and foreign policy. An example of this is the United States, where the President is both the head of state and the head of government.
In a semi-presidential republic, the president is the head of state and has some executive powers that are independent of the legislature. However, the prime minister (or chancellor or equivalent title) is the head of government, responsible to the legislature along with the cabinet. Russia is a classic example of this type of government.
The last type of republic system is parliamentary. In this system, the president is a figurehead, while the head of government holds real power and is validated by and accountable to the parliament. This type of system can be seen in Germany, Italy, and India and is akin to constitutional monarchies.
It’s also important to point out that some parliamentary republic systems operate slightly differently. For example in South Africa, the president is both the head of state and government, but is elected directly by the legislature. This leaves them (and their ministries) potentially subject to parliamentary confidence.
One-Party State
Many of the systems above involve multiple political parties vying to rule and govern their respective countries.
In a one-party state, also called a single-party state or single-party system, only one political party has the right to form government. All other political parties are either outlawed or only allowed limited participation in elections.
In this system, a country’s head of state and head of government can be executive or ceremonial but political power is constitutionally linked to a single political movement. China is the most well-known example of this government system, with the General Secretary of the Communist Party of China ruling as the de facto leader since 1989.
Provisional
The final form of government is a provisional government formed as an interim or transitional government.
In this system, an emergency governmental body is created to manage political transitions after the collapse of a government, or when a new state is formed. Often these evolve into fully constitutionalized systems, but sometimes they hold power for longer than expected.
Some examples of countries that are considered provisional include Libya, Burkina Faso, and Chad.
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