Politics
This is How Much NATO Countries Spend on Defense
This Is How Much NATO Countries Spend on Defense
The North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) exists for the sole purpose of facilitating a political and military alliance between almost 30 countries. All are obligated to one another in times of war, but some countries have much stronger militaries and defense systems than others.
Using data from NATO, this map reveals what each NATO member country spends on its own national defense.
Note: Numbers are 2021 projections.
Biggest NATO Defense Spenders
The U.S. spends more on defense than any other NATO country.
According to the 2021 estimates, U.S. defense spending will be close to $811 billion this year. On the other hand, the defense spending of all other NATO countries combined is projected to be $363 billion, meaning the U.S. will outspend all other countries by a whopping $448 billion.
Rank | Country | Millions (USD) 2021p | Change (2014-2021) |
---|---|---|---|
#1 | 🇺🇸 United States | $811,140 | 24.0% |
#2 | 🇬🇧 United Kingdom | $72,765 | 10.8% |
#3 | 🇩🇪 Germany | $64,785 | 40.3% |
#4 | 🇫🇷 France | $58,729 | 12.9% |
#5 | 🇮🇹 Italy | $29,763 | 21.5% |
#6 | 🇨🇦 Canada | $26,523 | 46.0% |
#7 | 🇪🇸 Spain | $14,875 | 17.7% |
#8 | 🇳🇱 Netherlands | $14,378 | 38.9% |
#9 | 🇵🇱 Poland | $13,369 | 32.3% |
#10 | 🇹🇷 Turkey | $13,057 | -3.8% |
#11 | 🇳🇴 Norway | $8,292 | 7.4% |
#12 | 🇬🇷 Greece | $8,014 | 53.1% |
#13 | 🇧🇪 Belgium | $6,503 | 25.1% |
#14 | 🇷🇴 Romania | $5,785 | 114.9% |
#15 | 🇩🇰 Denmark | $5,522 | 36.1% |
#16 | 🇨🇿 Czech Republic | $4,013 | 103.2% |
#17 | 🇵🇹 Portugal | $3,975 | 32.2% |
#18 | ðŸ‡ðŸ‡º Hungary | $2,907 | 140.3% |
#19 | 🇸🇰 Slovakia | $2,043 | 104.6% |
#20 | ðŸ‡ðŸ‡· Croatia | $1,846 | 73.6% |
#21 | 🇱🇹 Lithuania | $1,278 | 198.8% |
#22 | 🇧🇬 Bulgaria | $1,253 | 67.7% |
#23 | 🇱🇻 Latvia | $851 | 189.9% |
#24 | 🇪🇪 Estonia | $787 | 53.2% |
#25 | 🇸🇮 Slovenia | $760 | 56.0% |
#26 | 🇱🇺 Luxembourg | $474 | 87.4% |
#27 | 🇦🇱 Albania | $239 | 33.8% |
#28 | 🇲🇰 North Macedonia | $219 | 76.6% |
#29 | 🇲🇪 Montenegro | $97 | 40.0% |
NATO is based on building up forces and equipment for the goal of joint security and defense. And, despite the pandemic, many members did increase their spending in 2020.
However, not all countries contribute equally. The agreed-upon target for European NATO members, for example, is to spend 2% of GDP on defense by 2024, but many countries are not on track to meet this goal.
Who Pays for NATO Itself?
One of the key pillars of NATO is collective defense: a commitment to the idea that an act of violence against one or more of its member states is an act of aggression towards all.
Collective defense, cooperative security, and crisis management are at the heart of NATO’s purpose and operations.
Apart from defense spending, running a transcontinental political alliance costs around $3 billion annually. So which countries foot the bill for these expenses?
Country | Cost Share Arrangements (2021-2024) |
---|---|
🇺🇸 United States | 16.36% |
🇩🇪 Germany | 16.36% |
🇬🇧 United Kingdom | 11.29% |
🇫🇷 France | 10.50% |
🇮🇹 Italy | 8.79% |
🇨🇦 Canada | 6.88% |
🇪🇸 Spain | 6.00% |
🇹🇷 Turkey | 4.73% |
🇳🇱 Netherlands | 3.45% |
🇵🇱 Poland | 2.99% |
🇧🇪 Belgium | 2.11% |
🇳🇴 Norway | 1.78% |
🇩🇰 Denmark | 1.31% |
🇷🇴 Romania | 1.23% |
🇬🇷 Greece | 1.06% |
🇨🇿 Czech Republic | 1.06% |
🇵🇹 Portugal | 1.05% |
ðŸ‡ðŸ‡º Hungary | 0.76% |
🇸🇰 Slovakia | 0.52% |
🇧🇬 Bulgaria | 0.37% |
ðŸ‡ðŸ‡· Croatia | 0.30% |
🇱🇹 Lithuania | 0.26% |
🇸🇮 Slovenia | 0.23% |
🇱🇺 Luxembourg | 0.17% |
🇱🇻 Latvia | 0.16% |
🇪🇪 Estonia | 0.12% |
🇦🇱 Albania | 0.09% |
🇮🇸 Iceland | 0.06% |
🇲🇪 Montenegro | 0.03% |
Total | 100.00% |
Members have pre-arranged mechanisms to divide NATO alliance expenses evenly.
Getting into specifics, the members are paying for:
- Civilian staff wages and overhead costs of running NATO headquarters.
- Running strategic commands, joint operations, early warning and radar systems, training, etc.
- Defense communications systems, harbors, airfields, and fuel supplies.
The Future of NATO
While outright nation-on-nation conflict is becoming more rare, threats to the collective security of NATO allies have not disappeared.
While countries may have differing opinions over the exact amount each should contribute, rising expenditures are a sign that NATO is still a priority for the near future.
War
Visualized: Top 15 Global Tank Fleets
Heavily armed and armored, the modern tank is a versatile and mobile weapons platform, and a critical piece of contemporary warfare.Â
The Top 15 Global Tank Fleets
This was originally posted on our Voronoi app. Download the app for free on iOS or Android and discover incredible data-driven charts from a variety of trusted sources.
Heavily armed and armored, the modern tank is a versatile and mobile weapons platform, and a critical piece of contemporary warfare.
This visualization shows the top 15 global tank fleets, using data from the 2024 Military Balance report from the International Institute for Strategic Studies (IISS).
Let’s take an in-depth look at the top three fleets:
1. United States
As the world’s pre-eminent military power, it’s perhaps no surprise that the United States also has the largest tank fleet, by a wide margin.
In total, they have just over 45,000 armored fighting vehicles in operation, along with 2,640 main battle tanks (MBTs), and 12,800 vehicles in storage, of which 2,000 are main battle tanks.
Category | Vehicles | Global rank |
---|---|---|
Main battle tanks | 2,640 | 4 |
Armored reconnaissance | 1,745 | 1 |
Infantry fighting vehicles | 3,262 | 3 |
Armored personnel carriers | 10,644 | 1 |
Amphibious assault vehicles | 1,401 | 1 |
Armored utility vehicles | 28,445 | 1 |
Storage | 12,800 | 1 |
Total | 60,937 | 1 |
The U.S. is internalizing the lessons from the ongoing invasion of Ukraine, where Western-supplied anti-tank weapons and massed Ukrainian artillery have been cutting Russian tanks to pieces. As a result, the U.S. recently canceled an upgrade of the M1 Abrams in favor of a more ambitious upgrade.
Meanwhile, the U.S. is nervously eyeing a more confident China and a potential clash over Taiwan, where air and naval forces will be critical. However, a recent war game showed that Taiwanese mechanized ground forces, kitted out with American-made tanks and armored fighting vehicles, were critical in keeping the island autonomous.
2. Russia
According to Oryx, a Dutch open-source intelligence defense website, at time of writing, Russia has lost almost 2,800 main battle tanks since invading Ukraine. Considering that in the 2022 edition of the Military Balance, Russia was estimated to have 2,927 MBTs in operation, those are some hefty losses.
Russia has been able to maintain about 2,000 MBTs in the field, in part, by increasing domestic production. Many defense plants have been taken over by state-owned Rostec and now operate around the clock. Russia is also now spending a full third of their budget on defense, equivalent to about 7.5% of GDP.
At the same time, they’ve also been drawing down their Soviet-era stockpiles, which are modernized before being sent to the front. Just how long they can keep this up is an open question; their stockpiles are large, but not limitless. Here is what their storage levels look like:
Category | 2023 | 2024 | YOY change |
---|---|---|---|
Main battle tanks | 5,000 | 4,000 | -20.0% |
Armored reconnaissance | 1,000 | 100 | -90.0% |
Infantry fighting vehicles | 4,000 | 2,800 | -30.0% |
Armored personnel carriers | 6,000 | 2,300 | -61.7% |
Total | 16,000 | 9,200 | -42.5% |
3. China
China holds the third overall spot and top place globally for the number of main battle tanks in operation. Untypically, the People’s Liberation Army has no armored vehicles in storage, which perhaps isn’t surprising when you consider that China has been rapidly modernizing its military and that stockpiles usually contain older models.
China also has one of the world’s largest fleets of armored fighting vehicles, second only to the United States. Breaking down that headline number, we can also see that they have the largest number of light tanks, wheeled guns, and infantry fighting vehicles.Â
Category | Vehicles | Global rank |
---|---|---|
Main battle tanks | 4,700 | 1 |
Light tanks | 1,330 | 1 |
Wheeled guns | 1,250 | 1 |
Infantry fighting vehicles | 8,200 | 1 |
Armored personnel carriers | 3,604 | 5 |
Airborne combat vehicles | 180 | 2 |
Amphibious assault vehicles | 990 | 2 |
Total | 20,254 | 3 |
This is equipment that would be integral if China were to make an attempt to reunify Taiwan with the mainland by force, where lightly armored mechanized units need to move with speed to occupy the island before Western allies can enter the fray. It’s worth noting that China also has one of the world’s largest fleets of amphibious assault vehicles.
End of the Tank?
Many commentators at the outset of Russia’s invasion of Ukraine, were quick to predict the end of the tank, however, to paraphrase Mark Twain, reports of the tank’s demise are greatly exaggerated.
With the U.S. and China both developing remote and autonomous armored vehicles, tanks could be quite different in the future, but there is nothing else that matches them for firepower, mobility, and survivability on the modern battlefield today.
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